en-gb	1
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en-gb	JUSTICE IN WALES FOR THE PEOPLE OF WALES
cy-gb	CYFIAWNDER YNGNGHYMRU DROS BOBL CYMRU

en-gb	October 2019
cy-gb	Hydref 2019

en-gb	2
cy-gb	2

en-gb	The Commission on Justice in Wales
cy-gb	Y Comisiwn ar Gyfiawnder yng Nghymru 

en-gb	Cathays Park
cy-gb	Parc Cathays 

en-gb	Cardiff
cy-gb	Caerdydd 

en-gb	CF10 3NQ
cy-gb	CF10 3NQ 

en-gb	© Crown copyright 2019
cy-gb	© Hawlfraint y Goron 2019

en-gb	Published October 2019
cy-gb	Cyhoeddwyd Hydref 2019

en-gb	ISBN: 
cy-gb	ISBN: 

en-gb	978-1-83876-822-5 
cy-gb	978-1-83876-823-2 

en-gb	You may re-use this information (not including logos and some 
cy-gb	Gallwch ailddefnyddio’r wybodaeth hon (heb gynnwys logos 

en-gb	images) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms 
cy-gb	a rhai delwedau) am ddim mewn unrhyw fformat neu gyfrwng, 

en-gb	of the Open Government Licence (OGL).
cy-gb	dan delerau Trwydded Llywodraeth Agored (OGL).

en-gb	To view this licence, visit 
cy-gb	I weld y drwydded hon, ewch i 

en-gb	www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence
cy-gb	www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ 

en-gb	or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, 
cy-gb	neu ysgrifennwch i’r cyfeiriad canlynol: Information Policy Team, The National Archives, 

en-gb	Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: 
cy-gb	Kew, London TW9 4DU, neu anfonwch e-bost i: 

en-gb	psi@nationalarchives.gsi.gov.uk
cy-gb	psi@nationalarchives.gsi.gov.uk. 

en-gb	Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to 
cy-gb	Dylid anfon unrhyw ymholiadau mewn perthynas â’r cyhoeddiad 

en-gb	andrew.felton@gov.wales
cy-gb	hwn at andrew.felton@gov.wales

en-gb	Report design and typesetting by: 
cy-gb	Gwaith dylunio a chysodi'r adroddiad gan: 

en-gb	www.waters-creative.co.uk
cy-gb	www.waters-creative.co.uk 

en-gb	Welsh translation by: 
cy-gb	Cyfieithiad gan: 

en-gb	www.prysg.cymru
cy-gb	www.prysg.cymru

en-gb	ForeWorD FOREWORD
cy-gb	RhAGAiR RHAGAIR

en-gb	Our task was to review the operation of the justice system in Wales and to make recommendations for its long-term future. 
cy-gb	Ein tasg oedd adolygu'r system gyfiawnder yng Nghymru a gwneud argymhellion ynghylch ei dyfodol hirdymor. 

en-gb	This required us to examine a range of issues given that the provision of justice by the state is one of its basic duties. 
cy-gb	Bu'n ofynnol i ni edrych ar amrywiaeth o faterion o ystyried bod y gwaith o ddarparu cyfiawnder yn  un o ddyletswyddau sylfaenol y wladwriaeth. 

en-gb	Wales has a long and distinctive history of placing justice at the centre of its culture and society. 
cy-gb	Mae gan Gymru hanes hir a nodedig o osod cyfiawnder wrth wraidd ei diwylliant a'i chymdeithas. 

en-gb	Our enquiry therefore centred on whether it met the needs of the people of Wales, particularly those disadvantaged for reasons such as severe economic deprivation or being the victim of crime. 
cy-gb	Felly, gwnaethom ganolbwyntio ar ystyried p'un a oedd yn diwallu anghenion pobl Cymru, yn enwedig y rhai sydd dan anfantais am resymau fel caledi economaidd difrifol neu'r ffaith eu bod wedi dioddef trosedd. 

en-gb	Our aim was to assess whether the justice system as it currently operates in Wales is fair and just and makes a contribution to economic prosperity. 
cy-gb	Ein nod oedd asesu p'un a yw'r system gyfiawnder sydd ar waith yng Nghymru ar hyn o bryd yn deg ac yn gyfiawn, ac yn cyfrannu at ffyniant economaidd. 

en-gb	With this in mind our report sets out what we found and makes recommendations focused on this objective. 
cy-gb	Gan gadw hyn mewn cof, mae ein hadroddiad yn nodi ein canfyddiadau ac yn gwneud argymhellion sy'n canolbwyntio ar yr amcan hwn. 

en-gb	We have worked as a team, both as Commissioners and with our Secretariat. 
cy-gb	Rydym wedi gweithio fel tîm, fel Comisiynwyr a chyda'n Hysgrifenyddiaeth. 

en-gb	As Commissioners we all have different experiences of the justice system. 
cy-gb	Fel Comisiynwyr mae gan bob un ohonom brofiadau gwahanol o'r system gyfiawnder. 

en-gb	Those differences enabled each of us to examine the whole system in depth and question each others’ views on every aspect of it. 
cy-gb	Yn sgil y gwahaniaethau hynny, bu modd i bob un ohonom archwilio'r system gyfan yn drylwyr a chwestiynu barn y naill a'r llall am bob agwedd arni. 

en-gb	Working with the Secretariat, we subjected the evidence to careful analysis. 
cy-gb	Gan weithio gyda'r Ysgrifenyddiaeth, cafodd y dystiolaeth ei dadansoddi'n ofalus. 

en-gb	We reached unanimous conclusions on our findings and recommendations following thorough discussion and debate. 
cy-gb	Daethom i gasgliadau unfrydol ynghylch ein canfyddiadau a'n hargymhellion yn dilyn cryn dipyn o drafod a dadlau. 

en-gb	I would like to express my gratitude to each ForeWorD of the Commissioners for the dedication and time they have given, and to each of the members of the Secretariat for the way in which they have worked so hard and closely with us during the period of our enquiry.
cy-gb	Hoffwn ddiolch o galon i bob un o'r Comisiynwyr am eu hamser a'u hymroddiad, ac i bob aelod o'r Ysgrifenyddiaeth am ei waith caled a thrwyadl wrth i ni gyflawni'r dasg hon.

en-gb	We owe an immense debt of gratitude to the many people who provided detailed and penetrating submissions, to those who gave oral evidence and answered our detailed questions, and to a small number of individuals who provided us with expert help during the final stages of our work. 
cy-gb	Mae ein dyled yn fawr i'r llu o bobl a wnaeth gyflwyniadau manwl a defnyddiol, y rheini a roddodd dystiolaeth lafar ac a atebodd ein cwestiynau manwl, a'r nifer bach o unigolion a roddodd gymorth arbenigol i ni ar gamau olaf ein gwaith. 

en-gb	This has enabled us to write an evidence-based report informed solely by what we found and by what we consider is in the overwhelming interests of the people of Wales.
cy-gb	Mae hyn wedi ein galluogi i lunio adroddiad seiliedig ar dystiolaeth sydd wedi'i lywio'n gyfan gwbl gan yr hyn a nodwyd gennym, a'r hyn sydd er budd pennaf pobl Cymru yn ein barn ni.

en-gb	We address our report to the Welsh Government. 
cy-gb	Cyflwynwn ein hadroddiad i Lywodraeth Cymru. 

en-gb	It has been our privilege to be given the opportunity by the Welsh Government to undertake this task. 
cy-gb	Mae wedi bod yn fraint cael y cyfle i gyflawni'r dasg hon gan Lywodraeth Cymru. 

en-gb	We hope that we have discharged the heavy responsibility placed on us. 
cy-gb	Gobeithio ein bod wedi llwyddo i fodloni'r gofynion. 

en-gb	The evidence we obtained about the current justice system in Wales is presented in an unvarnished manner. 
cy-gb	Mae'r dystiolaeth a gawsom am y system gyfiawnder bresennol yng Nghymru wedi'i chyflwyno yn ddiflewyn ar dafod. 

en-gb	Our recommendations, radical though some need to be, will give the people of Wales a better means of achieving a system which provides access to justice, can be trusted to deliver justice and puts justice again at the heart of their nation and its prosperity.
cy-gb	Bydd ein hargymhellion, er mor radical y mae angen i rai ohonynt fod, yn cynnig gwell ffordd i bobl Cymru gael system sy'n darparu mynediad at gyfiawnder, y gellir dibynnu arni i sicrhau cyfiawnder, ac sydd, unwaith eto, yn rhoi cyfiawnder wrth wraidd y genedl a'i ffyniant.

en-gb	exeCutIve summAry
cy-gb	CRynoDEB GwEithREDoL

en-gb	exeCutIve summAry 
cy-gb	CRynoDEB GwEithREDoL 

en-gb	EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
cy-gb	CRYNODEB GWEITHREDOL

en-gb	our overall conclusions
cy-gb	Ein casgliadau cyffredinol

en-gb	The Commission’s task has been to review for the first time in over 200 years the operation of the justice system in Wales and set a long-term vision for its future. 
cy-gb	Tasg y Comisiwn fu adolygu am y tro cyntaf mewn mwy na 200 mlynedd y ffordd mae'r system gyfiawnder yng Nghymru yn gweithredu, a phennu gweledigaeth hirdymor ar gyfer ei dyfodol. 

en-gb	We have unanimously concluded that the people of Wales are being let down by the system in its current state. 
cy-gb	Rydym wedi dod i'r casgliad unfrydol nad yw'r system bresennol yn diwallu anghenion pobl Cymru. 

en-gb	Major reform is needed to the justice system and to the current scheme of devolution. 
cy-gb	Mae angen i'r system gyfiawnder, a'r drefn ddatganoli bresennol, gael eu diwygio'n sylweddol. 

en-gb	We have reached a unanimous set of conclusions and recommendations which when implemented would deliver justice in Wales for the people of Wales.
cy-gb	Rydym wedi llunio cyfres unfrydol o gasgliadau ac argymhellion a fydd, o'u gweithredu, yn sicrhau cyfiawnder yng Nghymru i bobl Cymru.

en-gb	Justice should be at the heart of government. 
cy-gb	Dylai cyfiawnder fod wrth wraidd y llywodraeth. 

en-gb	Policy and spending on justice should be aligned with other policies, particularly those which are devolved to Wales, such as health, education and social welfare. 
cy-gb	Dylai polisi cyfiawnder, a gwariant ar gyfiawnder, fod yn gyson â pholisïau eraill, yn enwedig y rhai sydd wedi'u datganoli i Gymru, fel iechyd, addysg a lles cymdeithasol. 

en-gb	Under the current scheme of devolution there is no properly joined up or integrated approach, as justice remains controlled by the Westminster Government. 
cy-gb	O dan y drefn ddatganoli bresennol nid oes dull gweithredu unedig nac integredig, gan mai Llywodraeth San Steffan sy'n dal i reoli cyfiawnder. 

en-gb	Consequently, the people of Wales do not have the benefit which the people of Scotland, Northern Ireland and England enjoy by justice being an integral part of overall policy making. 
cy-gb	O ganlyniad i hyn, nid yw pobl Cymru yn cael yr un budd â phobl yr Alban, Gogledd Iwerddon a Lloegr, lle mae cyfiawnder yn rhan annatod o'r gwaith cyffredinol o lunio polisïau. 

en-gb	There is no rational basis for Wales to be treated differently, particularly as Wales has its own long legal tradition. 
cy-gb	Nid oes sail resymegol dros drin Cymru yn wahanol, yn enwedig o ystyried bod gan Gymru ei thraddodiad cyfreithiol hir ei hun. 

en-gb	The reductions in the justice budget made by the Westminster Government since 2010 have been amongst the most severe of all departmental budget cuts. 
cy-gb	Mae'r gostyngiadau yn y gyllideb cyfiawnder a wnaed gan Lywodraeth San Steffan ers 2010 wedi bod ymhlith y mwyaf difrifol o'r holl doriadau cyllidebol adrannol a wnaed. 

en-gb	The impact on Wales has been significant as the interests of Wales have not been at the forefront of the Westminster Government’s policy decisions. 
cy-gb	Cafwyd effaith sylweddol ar Gymru, am nad yw buddiannau Cymru wedi bod wrth wraidd penderfyniadau polisi Llywodraeth San Steffan. 

en-gb	The Welsh Government has used its own money, in addition to permitting rises in council tax, to try and mitigate the damaging effects of these policies. 
cy-gb	Mae Llywodraeth Cymru wedi defnyddio ei harian ei hun, yn ogystal â chaniatáu cynnydd yn y dreth gyngor, er mwyn ceisio lliniaru effeithiau niweidiol y polisïau hyn. 

en-gb	The result is that almost 40% of the total funding is actually contributed in Wales. 
cy-gb	O'r herwydd, caiff bron 40% o'r holl gyllid ei gyfrannu yng Nghymru mewn gwirionedd. 

en-gb	This is above other tax revenue that is raised from Wales and then allocated by the Westminster Government to Wales. 
cy-gb	Mae hyn uwchlaw refeniw treth arall a godir o Gymru ac a ddyrennir wedyn gan Lywodraeth San Steffan i Gymru. 

en-gb	This position is unsustainable when the Welsh Government has so little say in justice policy and overall spending.
cy-gb	Ni all y sefyllfa hon barhau, pan na chaiff Llywodraeth Cymru fawr ddim dylanwad ar bolisi cyfiawnder na gwariant yn gyffredinol. 

en-gb	Justice should be determined and delivered in Wales so that it aligns with its distinct and developing social, health and education policy and services and the growing body of Welsh law. 
cy-gb	Dylai cyfiawnder gael ei bennu a'i gyflwyno yng Nghymru, er mwyn iddo fod yn gyson â'i pholisïau a'i gwasanaethau cymdeithasol, iechyd ac addysg nodedig, sy'n datblygu, a'r swm cynyddol o gyfraith Cymru. 

en-gb	Policy would be developed and funding allocated to meet the needs of and provide greater benefit for the people of Wales. 
cy-gb	Byddai gwaith polisi yn cael ei ddatblygu a byddai cyllid yn cael ei ddyrannu i ddiwallu anghenion pobl Cymru, a sicrhau eu bod yn cael mwy o fudd. 

en-gb	Our conclusions were reached after consideration of over 200 written submissions from individuals, institutions and organisations; oral evidence from 150 witnesses from across the whole spectrum of the justice system – from those representing victims of crime to those making laws; previous justice reports specific to Wales and reports on the justice system in England and Wales as a whole; and further research commissioned to coincide with our work. 
cy-gb	Lluniwyd ein casgliadau ar ôl ystyried dros 200 o gyflwyniadau ysgrifenedig gan unigolion a sefydliadau; tystiolaeth lafar gan 150 o dystion o bob rhan o'r system gyfiawnder – o'r rhai sy'n cynrychioli dioddefwyr troseddau i'r rhai sy'n gwneud cyfreithiau; adroddiadau blaenorol ar gyfiawnder sy'n benodol i Gymru ac adroddiadau ar y system gyfiawnder yng Nghymru a Lloegr yn gyffredinol; ac ymchwil bellach a gomisiynwyd i gyd-fynd â'n gwaith. 

en-gb	The experiences of members of the public from a diverse range of backgrounds in over 80 meetings and events reinforced these conclusions. 
cy-gb	Gwnaeth profiadau aelodau o'r cyhoedd o ystod eang o gefndiroedd mewn mwy nag 80 o gyfarfodydd a digwyddiadau ategu'r casgliadau hyn. 

en-gb	To set our review in context, we looked beyond Wales, visiting Scotland, Northern Ireland and major English cities. 
cy-gb	Er mwyn gosod ein hadolygiad mewn cyd-destun, gwnaethom edrych y tu hwnt i Gymru, gan ymweld â'r Alban, Gogledd Iwerddon a dinasoedd mawr yn Lloegr. 

en-gb	We learnt from policy and practice in several European and overseas countries. 
cy-gb	Gwnaethom edrych ar bolisïau ac ymarfer sawl gwlad yn Ewrop a thu hwnt er mwyn meithrin ein dealltwriaeth. 

en-gb	We are satisfied that the determination of justice policy and its delivery in Wales would, with good leadership and proper accountability, provide a much better system of justice focused on the needs of the people of Wales. 
cy-gb	Rydym yn fodlon y byddai'r gwaith o bennu polisi cyfiawnder a'i gyflwyno yng Nghymru, ar sail arweinyddiaeth dda ac atebolrwydd priodol, yn darparu system gyfiawnder lawer gwell sy'n canolbwyntio ar anghenion pobl Cymru. 

en-gb	This would make a significant contribution to a more just, fair and prosperous Wales.
cy-gb	Byddai hyn yn gwneud cyfraniad sylweddol at Gymru fwy cyfiawn, teg a ffyniannus.

en-gb	our findings about the current system
cy-gb	Ein canfyddiadau ynghylch y system bresennol

en-gb	We summarise below our detailed findings on the current state of the justice system.
cy-gb	Isod, crynhown ein canfyddiadau manwl ynghylch cyflwr presennol  y system gyfiawnder.

en-gb	Access to justice
cy-gb	Mynediad at gyfiawnder

en-gb	The significant cuts to legal aid made in 2012 have hit Wales hard. 
cy-gb	Mae'r toriadau sylweddol a wnaed i gymorth cyfreithiol yn 2012 wedi cael effaith andwyol ar Gymru. 

en-gb	Proper access to justice is not available with the consequent threat to the Rule of Law. 
cy-gb	Ni ellir cael mynediad priodol at gyfiawnder, sydd wedyn yn bygwth Rheolaeth y Gyfraith. 

en-gb	This has resulted in:
cy-gb	Mae hyn wedi arwain at y canlynol:

en-gb	‘advice deserts’ in rural and post-industrial areas where people struggle to receive legal advice; 
cy-gb	'ardaloedd dim cyngor' mewn ardaloedd gwledig ac  ôl-ddiwydiannol lle mae pobl yn ei chael hi'n anodd cael  cyngor cyfreithiol; 

en-gb	a serious risk to the sustainability of legal practice elsewhere, especially in traditional ‘high street’ legal services; and
cy-gb	risg ddifrifol i gynaliadwyedd ymarfer cyfreithiol mewn  mannau eraill, yn enwedig mewn gwasanaethau cyfreithiol  'stryd fawr' traddodiadol;  

en-gb	increasing numbers of people representing themselves in courts and tribunals with a consequential adverse impact on outcomes and the efficient use of court resources.
cy-gb	niferoedd cynyddol o bobl yn cynrychioli eu hunain mewn llysoedd a thribiwnlysoedd, gan gael effaith andwyol ar ganlyniadau a'r defnydd effeithlon o adnoddau'r llys. 

en-gb	The Westminster Government is responsible for the policy and delivery of legal aid. 
cy-gb	Llywodraeth San Steffan sy'n gyfrifol am bolisi cymorth cyfreithiol, a'i gyflwyno. 

en-gb	However, its policies have not been designed to meet the needs of the people of Wales. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, nid yw ei pholisïau wedi'u cynllunio i ddiwallu anghenion pobl Cymru. 

en-gb	The Welsh Government has had to spend its own funds on advice services but this has not succeeded in bridging the gap caused by the cuts to legal aid. 
cy-gb	Mae Llywodraeth Cymru wedi gorfod gwario ei harian ei hun ar wasanaethau cynghori, ond nid yw hyn wedi llwyddo i gau'r bwlch a achoswyd gan y toriadau i gymorth cyfreithiol. 

en-gb	Whilst lawyers and others have provided pro bono help and advice, these efforts are insufficient to offset the impact of the significant reductions in legal aid. 
cy-gb	Er bod cyfreithwyr ac eraill wedi darparu cymorth a chyngor pro bono, nid yw hyn yn ddigonol i wrthbwyso effaith y gostyngiadau sylweddol mewn cymorth cyfreithiol. 

en-gb	If, on the other hand, policy were determined and delivered in Wales, there would be overall coordination of the provision of legal aid and advice services to meet the identified needs of people in Wales. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, petai polisi yn cael ei bennu a'i gyflwyno yng Nghymru, byddai modd cydgysylltu'r gwaith o ddarparu cymorth cyfreithiol a gwasanaethau cynghori yn gyffredinol er mwyn diwallu anghenion pobl Cymru. 

en-gb	Criminal Justice
cy-gb	Cyfiawnder troseddol

en-gb	In criminal justice there is no overall alignment of policy and spending which is essential if the criminal justice system is to be effective in reducing crime and promoting rehabilitation. 
cy-gb	Ym maes cyfiawnder troseddol, nid eir ati i gysoni polisi a gwariant yn gyffredinol sy'n hanfodol er mwyn i'r system cyfiawnder troseddol ostwng troseddu ac adsefydlu troseddwyr yn effeithiol. 

en-gb	Instead the arrangements for coordination between devolved and non-devolved bodies are overly complex, are expensive and do not provide transparent accountability for effective performance.
cy-gb	Yn hytrach, mae'r trefniadau cydgysylltu rhwng cyrff datganoledig ac annatganoledig yn rhy gymhleth, yn ddrud, ac nid ydynt yn cynnig atebolrwydd tryloyw o ran perfformiad effeithiol.

en-gb	The evidence we received showed that:
cy-gb	Dangosodd y dystiolaeth a gawsom y canlynol:

en-gb	despite improvement to the way in which victims are  treated, much more needs to be done to include them in  the justice system;
cy-gb	er gwaethaf y gwelliannau a wnaed i'r ffordd y caiff dioddefwyr eu trin, mae angen gwneud llawer mwy i'w cynnwys yn y  system gyfiawnder; 

en-gb	unlike in England, the number of police officers in Wales has not reduced because the Welsh Government has provided further funds and allowed council tax rises to provide extra funds;
cy-gb	yn wahanol i Loegr, ni fu lleihad yn nifer swyddogion yr heddlu yng Nghymru am fod Llywodraeth Cymru wedi darparu arian ychwanegol ac wedi caniatáu cynnydd yn y dreth gyngor er mwyn darparu arian ychwanegol;

en-gb	the approach to those with mental health issues is not properly addressed within the criminal justice system; 
cy-gb	nid eir i'r afael yn briodol â'r sefyllfa mewn perthynas â phobl â phroblemau iechyd meddwl yn y system cyfiawnder troseddol; 

en-gb	a significantly greater proportion of the spending on justice is now on prisons rather than crime reduction. 
cy-gb	mae cyfran sylweddol uwch o'r gwariant ar gyfiawnder bellach ar garchardai, yn hytrach nag ar ostwng troseddu. 

en-gb	Wales has one of the highest, if not the highest, prison populations per head in Western Europe, even though the evidence is that robust community sentences achieve better outcomes in many cases; 
cy-gb	Mae Cymru yn un o'r gwledydd sydd â'r niferoedd uchaf o garcharorion y pen yng ngorllewin Ewrop, os nad y niferoedd uchaf, er bod y dystiolaeth yn dangos bod dedfrydau cymunedol cadarn yn cyflawni gwell canlyniadau mewn sawl achos; 

en-gb	for a series of complex reasons, the number of criminal cases prosecuted has fallen since 2013;
cy-gb	am amrywiaeth o resymau cymhleth, mae nifer yr achosion troseddol a gaiff eu herlyn wedi lleihau ers 2013; 

en-gb	there is a lack of facilities for women offenders in Wales;
cy-gb	nid oes cyfleusterau i droseddwyr sy'n fenywod yng Nghymru

en-gb	Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic people are over represented as offenders within the criminal justice system;
cy-gb	gorgynrychiolir pobl Dduon ac Asiaidd a Lleiafrifoedd Ethnig fel troseddwyr yn y system cyfiawnder troseddol; 

en-gb	in common with England, there are high levels of self-harm and serious assaults in Welsh prisons; and
cy-gb	fel yn Lloegr, mae lefelau uchel o hunan-niwed ac ymosodiadau difrifol yng ngharchardai Cymru; 

en-gb	the current devolution scheme has created problems in terms  of providing health services for prisoners, as well as other services such as housing which are necessary for rehabilitation on release. 
cy-gb	mae'r drefn ddatganoli bresennol wedi creu problemau o ran darparu gwasanaethau iechyd i garcharorion, yn ogystal â gwasanaethau eraill fel tai sydd eu hangen at ddibenion adsefydlu troseddwyr pan gânt eu rhyddhau. 

en-gb	A positive development, but one which would be more effective and sustainable if there were policy and delivery alignment, is the joint working between the police and Public Health Wales to address the consequences of Adverse Childhood Experiences. 
cy-gb	Datblygiad cadarnhaol, ond un a fyddai'n fwy effeithiol a chynaliadwy petai cysondeb o ran cyflwyno a chyflawni polisïau, yw'r cydweithio rhwng yr heddlu ac Iechyd Cyhoeddus Cymru er mwyn mynd i'r afael â chanlyniadau Profiadau Niweidiol yn ystod Plentyndod. 

en-gb	An approach focused on the experiences of children and young people has also informed work to reduce the numbers of first-time entrants into the youth justice system. 
cy-gb	Mae dull gweithredu sy'n canolbwyntio ar brofiadau plant a phobl ifanc hefyd wedi llywio gwaith i leihau nifer yr unigolion sy'n dod yn rhan o'r system cyfiawnder ieuenctid am y tro cyntaf. 

en-gb	Family justice
cy-gb	Cyfiawnder teuluol

en-gb	Family justice is another area where there is a complex division between the responsibilities of the Welsh Government and the Westminster Government. 
cy-gb	Mae cyfiawnder teuluol yn faes arall lle mae rhaniad cymhleth rhwng cyfrifoldebau Llywodraeth Cymru a Llywodraeth San Steffan. 

en-gb	There has been an unsustainably high increase in the number of children being taken into care in Wales, with significant variations between local authorities. 
cy-gb	Bu cynnydd uchel, nad yw'n gynaliadwy, yn nifer y plant sy'n cael eu rhoi mewn gofal yng Nghymru, gyda chryn wahaniaeth rhwng awdurdodau lleol. 

en-gb	Often it is not in the best interests of the child to be taken into care as the consequences to the child and society can be disadvantageous. 
cy-gb	Yn aml, nid yw er budd pennaf y plentyn i ddod yn rhan o'r  system ofal, oherwydd gall canlyniadau hynny i'r plentyn a chymdeithas  beri anfantais. 

en-gb	The costs to local authorities and the justice system are also significant. 
cy-gb	Mae'r costau i awdurdodau lleol a'r system gyfiawnder hefyd yn sylweddol. 

en-gb	Funds would be much better spent on support for children and their families to prevent problems arising. 
cy-gb	Byddai'n well o lawer gwario arian ar gynorthwyo plant a'u teuluoedd er mwyn atal problemau rhag codi. 

en-gb	We welcome the Welsh Government’s recent initiative to hold local authorities to account for reducing the number of children in care, those placed out of county and those removed from parents with a learning disability. 
cy-gb	Croesawn fenter ddiweddar Llywodraeth Cymru i ddwyn awdurdodau lleol i gyfrif am leihau nifer y plant mewn gofal, y rhai a leolir y tu allan i'r sir y maent yn byw ynddi a'r rhai a gymerir oddi wrth rieni ag anabledd dysgu. 

en-gb	However, significant further action to tackle this issue is essential in both the short and longer term. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, rhaid cymryd camau pellach sylweddol i fynd i'r afael â'r mater hwn yn y byrdymor a'r tymor hwy. 

en-gb	Civil and administrative justice
cy-gb	Cyfiawnder sifil a gweinyddol

en-gb	Justice should be delivered efficiently, effectively and at a proportionate cost. 
cy-gb	Dylai cyfiawnder gael ei sicrhau mewn modd effeithlon ac effeithiol, ac am gost gymesur. 

en-gb	This is not the current position in civil and administrative justice. 
cy-gb	Nid dyma'r sefyllfa bresennol o ran cyfiawnder sifil na gweinyddol. 

en-gb	In addition to a lack of legal aid, people with civil disputes are faced with high fees which deter many from pursuing a court case. 
cy-gb	Yn ogystal â diffyg cymorth cyfreithiol, bydd pobl ag anghydfodau sifil yn wynebu ffioedd uchel sy'n rhwystro llawer rhag mynd ar drywydd achos llys. 

en-gb	Resolving a dispute is complex for many reasons, including the lack of coordination between the courts, tribunals and different forms of alternative dispute resolution.
cy-gb	Mae datrys anghydfod yn gymhleth  am sawl rheswm, gan gynnwys y diffyg cydgysylltu rhwng y  llysoedd, tribiwnlysoedd, a'r mathau gwahanol o ffyrdd amgen  o ddatrys anghydfodau. 

en-gb	The proportion of challenges to decisions made by Welsh public authorities that are heard in Wales is low. 
cy-gb	Cyfran isel o heriau a wrandewir i benderfyniadau awdurdodau cyhoeddus yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	The one element of justice administration which is devolved – the Welsh tribunals – needs to be seen to be fully independent from the Welsh Government and also needs a closer relationship with other bodies that review administrative decisions in Wales. 
cy-gb	Mae angen i'r un agwedd ar weinyddu cyfiawnder sydd wedi'i datganoli - tribiwnlysoedd Cymru - gael ei gweld yn gwbl annibynnol ar Lywodraeth Cymru, ac mae hefyd angen meithrin cydberthynas agosach rhyngddi a chyrff eraill sy'n adolygu penderfyniadau gweinyddol yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	The Welsh tribunals have been under-used as a means of enforcing Welsh legislation.
cy-gb	Ni wnaed digon  o ddefnydd o dribiwnlysoedd Cymru i orfodi deddfwriaeth Gymreig.

en-gb	Court and tribunal closures have left people in many parts of rural and post-industrial Wales facing long and difficult journeys to their nearest court. 
cy-gb	Mae'r penderfyniad i gau llysoedd a thribiwnlysoedd wedi gadael llawer o bobl mewn sawl rhan o gefn gwlad ac ardaloedd ôl-ddiwydiannol Cymru yn wynebu teithiau hir ac anodd i'w llys agosaf. 

en-gb	This is compounded by the low use of remote access facilities. 
cy-gb	Gwaethygir y sefyllfa hon gan y defnydd isel o gyfleusterau mynediad o bell. 

en-gb	The advantages of digital technology have not yet been fully realised  in Wales.
cy-gb	Ni  wneir defnydd llawn o dechnoleg ddigidol yng Nghymru eto.

en-gb	Knowledge and innovation
cy-gb	Gwybodaeth ac arloesi

en-gb	Although parts of the legal professions in Wales are strong and competitive, opportunities to strengthen the legal sector more broadly have been missed. 
cy-gb	Er bod rhannau o'r proffesiynau cyfreithiol yng Nghymru yn gryf ac yn gystadleuol, collwyd cyfleoedd i atgyfnerthu'r sector cyfreithiol yn ehangach. 

en-gb	There is a need for a stronger focus from the Welsh Government and better coordination within the professions. 
cy-gb	Mae angen ffocws cryfach ar ran Llywodraeth Cymru a gwell cydgysylltu o fewn y proffesiynau. 

en-gb	South Wales should be promoted as a legal centre and the needs of rural and post industrial areas of Wales should be approached by a clear strategy.
cy-gb	Dylai De Cymru gael ei hyrwyddo fel canolfan gyfreithiol a dylai anghenion ardaloedd cefn gwlad ac  ôl-ddiwydiannol Cymru gael eu hystyried fel rhan o strategaeth glir.

en-gb	Greater focus is needed in law schools on ‘law tech’, which is crucial for the success of the legal professions in Wales. 
cy-gb	Mae angen i ysgolion y gyfraith roi mwy o bwyslais ar 'dechnoleg gyfreithiol', sy'n hanfodol er mwyn sicrhau llwyddiant y proffesiynau cyfreithiol yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	A Law Council should be established to promote the interests of legal education and the awareness of Welsh law. 
cy-gb	Dylid sefydlu Cyngor y Gyfraith er mwyn hyrwyddo buddiannau addysg gyfreithiol ac ymwybyddiaeth o  gyfraith Cymru. 

en-gb	Welsh language 
cy-gb	y Gymraeg 

en-gb	The current justice system does not consistently treat the Welsh language on a basis of equality with the English language. 
cy-gb	Nid yw'r system gyfiawnder bresennol yn trin y Gymraeg yn gyfartal â'r Saesneg. 

en-gb	There are too many gaps in the provision and too much dependence on the goodwill of individuals rather than establishing bilingual systems. 
cy-gb	Mae gormod o fylchau mewn darpariaeth a gormod o ddibyniaeth ar ewyllys da unigolion yn hytrach na sefydlu systemau dwyieithog. 

en-gb	Coroners in Wales cannot issue documents in Welsh. 
cy-gb	Ni all crwneriaid yng Nghymru gyhoeddi dogfennau yn Gymraeg. 

en-gb	There is a lack of teaching materials on Welsh law and in the medium of Welsh.
cy-gb	Mae prinder deunyddiau addysgu ar gyfraith Cymru a thrwy gyfrwng y Gymraeg.

en-gb	Immediate action to be taken 
cy-gb	Camau i'w cymryd ar unwaith  

en-gb	Whilst there are areas of good practice across the justice system which can be built on, serious failings must be addressed. 
cy-gb	Er bod meysydd o arfer da o fewn y system gyfiawnder y gellir adeiladu arnynt, rhaid ymdrin â'r methiannau difrifol. 

en-gb	Some significant steps can be taken immediately to achieve the long-term vision we have identified. 
cy-gb	Gellir cymryd rhai camau arwyddocaol ar unwaith er mwyn cyflawni'r weledigaeth hirdymor rydym wedi'i nodi. 

en-gb	In the first instance, a clearer focus on justice in the Welsh Government is needed, including: 
cy-gb	Yn y lle cyntaf, mae angen ffocws cliriach ar gyfiawnder o fewn Llywodraeth Cymru, gan gynnwys: 

en-gb	coordinated leadership, through a single Minister or Deputy Minister in the Welsh Government with oversight of all  justice matters; 
cy-gb	arweinyddiaeth gydgysylltiedig, drwy un Gweinidog neu Ddirprwy Weinidog o fewn Llywodraeth Cymru sy'n goruchwylio cyfiawnder yn ei gyfanrwydd; 

en-gb	closer liaison between the Welsh Government and the judiciary on proposed legislation, as well as on work to improve outcomes for children at risk of being taken into care; and
cy-gb	cydweithio agosach rhwng Llywodraeth Cymru a'r farnwriaeth ar ddeddfwriaeth arfaethedig, yn ogystal ag ar waith i wella canlyniadau i blant sydd mewn perygl o gael eu rhoi mewn gofal; 

en-gb	given the importance of the legal sector to the Welsh  economy and the potentially greater economic contribution  the sector could make, a collective drive to promote the  sector in Wales and to attract new businesses offering technology-based services.
cy-gb	o ystyried pwysigrwydd y sector cyfreithiol i economi Cymru a chyfraniad economaidd mwy o bosibl y sector, ymgyrch ar y cyd i hyrwyddo'r sector yng Nghymru a denu busnesau newydd gan gynnig gwasanaethau sy'n seiliedig ar dechnoleg.

en-gb	Further changes should be taken forward without delay to improve both access to justice and outcomes, including:
cy-gb	Dylid cyflwyno newidiadau pellach yn ddi-oed er mwyn gwella mynediad at gyfiawnder a chanlyniadau, gan gynnwys:

en-gb	establishing problem-solving criminal courts and Family Drug and Alcohol Courts in Wales;
cy-gb	sefydlu system o lysoedd troseddol datrys problemau a Llysoedd Cyffuriau ac Alcohol i Deuluoedd yng Nghymru;

en-gb	improving access to digital court services; 
cy-gb	gwella mynediad at wasanaethau llys digidol;  

en-gb	proceeding urgently to establish alternatives to custody for women across Wales; and
cy-gb	cymryd camau dybryd i gyflwyno dewisiadau amgen i'r carchar  i fenywod ledled Cymru;  

en-gb	providing specific justice data for Wales, including at local authority level.
cy-gb	darparu data penodol ar gyfiawnder i Gymru, gan gynnwys ar lefel awdurdod lleol.

en-gb	Such changes would need the support of the Ministry of Justice. 
cy-gb	Byddai angen i newidiadau o'r fath gael cefnogaeth y Weinyddiaeth Gyfiawnder. 

en-gb	We hope that this would be forthcoming for the benefit of the people  of Wales.
cy-gb	Gobeithiwn y byddai'n barod i wneud hyn er budd  pobl Cymru.

en-gb	The current arrangements for oversight and coordination of justice in Wales are overly complex and should be streamlined and improved. 
cy-gb	Mae'r trefniadau presennol ar gyfer goruchwylio a chydgysylltu cyfiawnder yng Nghymru yn rhy gymhleth a dylent gael eu symleiddio a'u gwella. 

en-gb	We recommend that:
cy-gb	Argymhellwn y canlynol:

en-gb	the large All Wales Criminal Justice Board should be replaced with a streamlined and strategic Wales Criminal Justice Board, and that it should report on progress to the Assembly;
cy-gb	dylai Bwrdd Cyfiawnder Troseddol Cymru Gyfan sy'n fawr gael ei ddisodli gan Fwrdd Cyfiawnder Troseddol syml a strategol i Gymru, a dylai adrodd ar ei hynt i'r Cynulliad; 

en-gb	the role of the Family Justice Network for Wales should be strengthened; 
cy-gb	dylai rôl Rhwydwaith Cyfiawnder Teuluol Cymru gael  ei hatgyfnerthu; 

en-gb	an independent board should be established to give strategic direction for funding both legal aid and third sector advice; and 
cy-gb	dylid sefydlu bwrdd annibynnol i bennu cyfeiriad strategol ariannu cymorth cyfreithiol a chyngor gan y trydydd sector;  

en-gb	there should be an independent board to oversee developments in civil and administrative justice and to promote greater coordination between the work of ombudsmen, those providing alternative forms of dispute resolution, and courts  and tribunals. 
cy-gb	dylid sefydlu bwrdd annibynnol i oruchwylio datblygiadau mewn cyfiawnder sifil a gweinyddol a hyrwyddo mwy o gydgysylltu rhwng gwaith ombwdsmyn, y rheini sy'n darparu ffyrdd amgen o ddatrys anghydfodau, a'r llysoedd a'r tribiwnlysoedd.  

en-gb	The judiciary should:
cy-gb	Dylai'r farnwriaeth: 

en-gb	provide a consistent leadership role in Wales and closer interaction with the Assembly and the Welsh Government; and
cy-gb	chwarae rôl arwain gyson yng Nghymru a rhyngweithio'n agosach â'r Cynulliad a Llywodraeth Cymru;

en-gb	consider greater use of intensive alternatives to custody and  of a problem-solving approach in criminal and family justice  when appropriate. 
cy-gb	ystyried mwy o ddefnydd o ddewisiadau amgen dwys i'r carchar a dull datrys problemau o weithredu ym meysydd cyfiawnder troseddol a chyfiawnder teuluol lle y bo'n briodol. 

en-gb	Wales should be put in a similar position to Scotland and Northern Ireland regarding the appointment of a judge to the Supreme Court.
cy-gb	Dylai Cymru fod mewn sefyllfa debyg i'r Alban a Gogledd Iwerddon o ran penodi barnwr i'r Goruchaf Lys.

en-gb	the long-term vision for the future of justice in Wales
cy-gb	Gweledigaeth hirdymor ar gyfer dyfodol cyfiawnder yng nghymru

en-gb	Although essential for the immediate future, the steps outlined above will not amount to a sustainable medium or long-term solution. 
cy-gb	Er eu bod yn hanfodol yn y dyfodol agos, ni fydd y camau a amlinellir uchod yn cynnig ateb tymor canolig na hirdymor cynaliadwy. 

en-gb	The fundamental problem lies in the split between two governments and two legislatures of responsibilities for justice on the one hand and social, health, education and economic development policies on the other. 
cy-gb	Gwraidd y broblem yw'r rhaniad rhwng dwy lywodraeth a dwy ddeddfwrfa â chyfrifoldebau am gyfiawnder ar un llaw, a pholisïau cymdeithasol, iechyd, addysg a datblygu economaidd ar y llaw arall. 

en-gb	This results in:
cy-gb	Mae hyn yn arwain at y canlynol: 

en-gb	an inability to allocate spending in a coordinated manner;
cy-gb	anallu i ddyrannu gwariant mewn modd cydgysylltiedig;

en-gb	a lack of accountability;
cy-gb	diffyg atebolrwydd; 

en-gb	a level of complexity which is wasteful of resources;
cy-gb	lefel cymhlethdod sy'n gwastraffu adnoddau; 

en-gb	failure to develop and implement a coherent set of  overall policies;
cy-gb	methiant i ddatblygu a gweithredu set gydlynol o bolisïau cyffredinol;

en-gb	a lack of innovation directed to the needs of the people  of Wales; and
cy-gb	diffyg arloesedd sy'n diwallu anghenion pobl Cymru

en-gb	serious disadvantages to the people of Wales which people in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland do not experience. 
cy-gb	anfanteision difrifol i bobl Cymru nad yw pobl yn Lloegr, yr  Alban na Gogledd Iwerddon yn eu profi. 

en-gb	We considered whether executive devolution, giving executive powers to the Welsh Government while leaving primary legislative powers with the Westminster Parliament, would provide a solution. 
cy-gb	Gwnaethom ystyried p'un a fyddai datganoli gweithredol, gan roi pwerau gweithredol i Lywodraeth Cymru ond gadael pwerau deddfwriaethol sylfaenol yn nwylo Senedd San Steffan, yn cynnig ateb. 

en-gb	We concluded it would not. 
cy-gb	Daethom i'r casgliad na fyddai. 

en-gb	Coherent policies cannot be devised, delivered, reviewed and amended without control over policy, the allocation of resources and legislation. 
cy-gb	Ni ellir llunio, cyflwyno, adolygu na diwygio polisïau cydlynol heb reoli meysydd polisi, dyrannu adnoddau  a deddfwriaeth.

en-gb	Only full legislative devolution, combined with executive powers, will overcome the obstacles of the current devolution scheme. 
cy-gb	Dim ond datganoli deddfwriaethol llawn, ar y cyd â phwerau gweithredol, fydd yn goresgyn rhwystrau'r drefn ddatganoli bresennol. 

en-gb	It will:
cy-gb	Bydd yn:

en-gb	enable the proper alignment of justice policy and spending with social, health, education and economic development policies in Wales, to underpin practical long-term solutions; 
cy-gb	ei gwneud yn bosibl i gysoni polisi cyfiawnder a gwariant ar gyfiawnder yn briodol â pholisïau cymdeithasol, iechyd, addysg a datblygu economaidd yng Nghymru, er mwyn ategu atebion  hirdymor ymarferol; 

en-gb	place justice at the heart of government;
cy-gb	sicrhau bod cyfiawnder wrth wraidd y llywodraeth;

en-gb	enable clearer and improved accountability;
cy-gb	galluogi atebolrwydd cliriach a gwell;

en-gb	enable advantage to be taken of Wales’ size and ability to innovate, for example by integrating legal aid and third sector advice, bringing health and justice resources together to tackle drug abuse, and providing better means of dispute resolution through ombudsmen services; and
cy-gb	modd i fanteisio ar faint Cymru a'i gallu i arloesi, er enghraifft drwy integreiddio cymorth cyfreithiol a chyngor gan y trydydd sector, dwyn ynghyd adnoddau iechyd a chyfiawnder er mwyn ymdrin â chamddefnyddio cyffuriau, a darparu gwell ffordd o ddatrys anghydfodau drwy wasanaethau ombwdsmyn; 

en-gb	strengthen the constitution of the UK.
cy-gb	atgyfnerthu cyfansoddiad y DU.

en-gb	For full legislative devolution to succeed, it will require a full transfer of the funding for the justice system and must be accompanied by the development in Wales of capacity, capability and leadership.
cy-gb	Er mwyn i ddatganoli deddfwriaethol llawn lwyddo, bydd angen i gyllid y system gyfiawnder gael ei drosglwyddo'n llawn, a rhaid datblygu gallu ac adnoddau, ac arweinyddiaeth, yng Nghymru ar y cyd â hynny.

en-gb	The law applicable in Wales should be formally identified as the law of Wales, distinct from the law of England, for the following reasons:
cy-gb	Dylai'r gyfraith sy'n gymwys yng Nghymru gael ei nodi'n ffurfiol fel cyfraith Cymru, sy'n wahanol i gyfraith Lloegr, am y rhesymau canlynol:

en-gb	the Assembly has passed distinctive legislation which has incorporated international principles of human rights and sustainable development and established new public roles to promote those rights, including the rights of children, older people and future generations;
cy-gb	mae'r Cynulliad wedi pasio deddfwriaeth nodedig sydd wedi corffori egwyddorion rhyngwladol hawliau dynol a datblygu cynaliadwy, a sefydlu rolau cyhoeddus newydd i hyrwyddo'r hawliau hynny, gan gynnwys hawliau plant, pobl hŷn a chenedlaethau'r dyfodol;

en-gb	further divergence between Welsh law and English law is inevitable as the Assembly passes further laws; and
cy-gb	mae ymrannu pellach rhwng cyfraith Cymru a chyfraith Lloegr yn anochel wrth i'r Cynulliad basio mwy o gyfreithiau; 

en-gb	it is confusing that Welsh law and English law are held to be part of a single legal system, in contrast with Scottish law and Northern Irish law.
cy-gb	Mae'n ddryslyd bod cyfraith Cymru a Lloegr yn rhan o un  system gyfreithiol, yn wahanol i gyfraith yr Alban a chyfraith Gogledd Iwerddon. 

en-gb	The present system under which the legal professions practise and are regulated should continue on an England and Wales basis as this is consistent with an open, competitive and innovative approach to the provision of legal services. 
cy-gb	Dylai'r system bresennol sy'n sail i'r ffordd mae'r proffesiynau cyfreithiol yn ymarfer ac yn cael eu rheoleiddio barhau ar sail Cymru a Lloegr am fod hyn yn gyson â dull agored, cystadleuol ac arloesol o ddarparu gwasanaethau cyfreithiol. 

en-gb	Specifically, we recommend that:
cy-gb	Yn benodol, argymhellwn y canlynol:

en-gb	the Assembly should be empowered to establish a separate judiciary up to the level of the Court of Appeal;
cy-gb	dylai'r Cynulliad gael ei rymuso i sefydlu barnwriaeth ar wahân hyd at lefel y Llys Apêl;

en-gb	the administration of justice in Wales should be unified and organised on the same basis as courts and tribunals in Scotland;
cy-gb	dylai'r broses o weinyddu cyfiawnder yng Nghymru fod yn unedig a chael ei threfnu ar yr un sail â'r llysoedd a'r tribiwnlysoedd yn yr Alban;

en-gb	the Welsh Government and the Assembly should determine a  court, tribunal and overall dispute resolution system which  enables access to justice at an affordable cost and at suitable  locations; and
cy-gb	dylai Llywodraeth Cymru a'r Cynulliad greu system llysoedd, tribiwnlysoedd, a datrys anghydfodau cyffredinol, sy'n darparu mynediad at gyfiawnder am gost fforddiadwy ac mewn lleoliadau addas; 

en-gb	matters of governance and inspection of police, prisons and probation, along with other aspects of the justice infrastructure, should be determined in Wales. 
cy-gb	dylai materion llywodraethu ac arolygu heddluoedd a'r gwasanaeth carchardai a phrawf, ynghyd ag agweddau eraill  ar y seilwaith cyfiawnder, gael eu pennu yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	The independence of the institutions of justice must be maintained. 
cy-gb	Rhaid cynnal annibyniaeth sefydliadau cyfiawnder. 

en-gb	This would apply to the judiciary, the prosecution authorities and the police. 
cy-gb	Byddai hyn yn gymwys i'r farnwriaeth, yr awdurdodau erlyn a'r heddlu. 

en-gb	Implementation 
cy-gb	Gweithredu 

en-gb	35.  
cy-gb	35.  

en-gb	The Welsh Government should begin the process of reform immediately. 
cy-gb	Dylai Llywodraeth Cymru ddechrau mynd ati i ddiwygio ar unwaith. 

en-gb	The Assembly should monitor and review progress. 
cy-gb	Dylai'r Cynulliad fonitro ac adolygu hynt y gwaith. 

en-gb	The cooperation of the Westminster Government will be needed and, subsequently, legislation by the Westminster Parliament. 
cy-gb	Bydd angen cydweithrediad Llywodraeth San Steffan ac, yn dilyn hynny, ddeddfwriaeth gan Senedd San Steffan.  

en-gb	Justice in Wales for the people of Wales
cy-gb	Cyfiawnder yng nghymru dros bobl Cymru

en-gb	36.  
cy-gb	36.  

en-gb	The people of Wales both need and deserve a better system. 
cy-gb	Mae angen gwell system ar bobl Cymru, ac maent yn haeddu hynny. 

en-gb	Justice is not an island and should be truly integrated into policies for a just, fair and prosperous Wales.
cy-gb	Nid yw cyfiawnder yn bodoli ar ei ben ei hun a dylai gael ei integreiddio â pholisïau sy'n creu Cymru gyfiawn, deg a ffyniannus.

en-gb	LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS
cy-gb	RHESTR O ARGYMHELLION

en-gb	Chapter 3: 
cy-gb	Pennod 3: 

en-gb	Information, advice and assistance
cy-gb	Gwybodaeth, cyngor a chynhorthwy 

en-gb	The funding for legal aid and for the third sector providing advice and assistance should be brought together in Wales to form a single fund under the strategic direction of an independent body 1 . 
cy-gb	Dylai'r cyllid ar gyfer cymorth cyfreithiol a'r trydydd sector sy'n rhoi cyngor a chynhorthwy gael ei ddwyn ynghyd yn Nghymru i ffurfio un gronfa o dan gyfeiriad strategol corff annibynnol 1 . 

en-gb	Support Through Court should be expanded so that there is availability at courts and tribunals across Wales 2 . 
cy-gb	Dylid ehangu Support Through Court, er mwyn sicrhau ei bod ar gael mewn llysoedd a thribiwnlysoedd ledled Cymru 2 . 

en-gb	Criminal legal aid policy and delivery should be designed in Wales to meet needs across Wales and based on the approaches to public defender schemes adopted by the Nordic nations 3 .
cy-gb	Dylai polisi cymorth cyfreithiol troseddol a'r broses o'i roi ar waith gael eu llunio yng Nghymru er mwyn diwallu anghenion ledled Cymru a bod yn seiliedig ar y ffordd y rhoddir cynlluniau amddiffynwyr cyhoeddus ar waith yn y gwledydd Nordig 3 .

en-gb	Chapter 4: 
cy-gb	Pennod 4: 

en-gb	Criminal justice: reducing crime and  promoting rehabilitation
cy-gb	Cyfiawnder troseddol, gostwng troseddu a  hyrwyddo adsefydlu 

en-gb	4. 
cy-gb	4. 

en-gb	A new Wales Criminal Justice Board should be created. 
cy-gb	Dylid creu Bwrdd Cyfiawnder Troseddol newydd i Gymru. 

en-gb	It should set  an overall criminal justice strategy for Wales and provide the means  for accountability within Wales for the delivery of that overall  strategic approach 4 .
cy-gb	Dylai bennu strategaeth cyfiawnder troseddol gyffredinol i Gymru a darparu'r modd i sicrhau atebolrwydd yng Nghymru am gyflawni'r dull gweithredu strategol cyffredinol hwnnw 4 .

en-gb	5. 
cy-gb	5. 

en-gb	The Wales Criminal Justice Board should have responsibility for ensuring the rights of victims are respected and there is proper delivery of services to victims 5 .
cy-gb	Dylai Bwrdd Cyfiawnder Troseddol Cymru fod yn gyfrifol am sicrhau bod hawliau dioddefwyr yn cael eu parchu a bod gwasanaethau i ddioddefwyr yn cael eu darparu'n briodol 5 .

en-gb	6. 
cy-gb	6. 

en-gb	Each of the police, Crown Prosecution Service, the judiciary and HM Prison and Probation Service should publish a strategy in respect of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic people in Wales and report annually on the strategy to the Assembly 6 .
cy-gb	Dylai pob un o blith yr heddlu, Gwasanaeth Erlyn y Goron, y farnwriaeth a Gwasanaeth Carchardai a Phrawf EM gyhoeddi strategaeth mewn perthynas â phobl dduon ac Asiaidd a lleiafrifoedd ethnig yng Nghymru a chyflwyno adroddiad blynyddol ar y strategaeth i'r Cynulliad 6 .

en-gb	Para 3.66.
cy-gb	Para 3.66.

en-gb	3 
cy-gb	3 

en-gb	Para 3.84.2.
cy-gb	Para 3.84.2.

en-gb	4 
cy-gb	4 

en-gb	Para 4.31.
cy-gb	Para 4.31.

en-gb	5 
cy-gb	5 

en-gb	Para 4.56.
cy-gb	Para 4.56.

en-gb	6  
cy-gb	6 

en-gb	Para 4.76.
cy-gb	Para 4.76.

en-gb	The Welsh Government and the Home Office should agree long-term arrangements for police apprenticeship funding which do not disadvantage Welsh police forces compared to their English counterparts .
cy-gb	Dylai Llywodraeth Cymru a'r Swyddfa Gartref gytuno ar drefniadau hirdymor ar gyfer cyllid prentisiaethau i'r heddlu fel na fydd heddluoedd yng Nghymru o dan anfantais o'u cymharu â heddluoedd yn Lloegr .

en-gb	Para 4.131.
cy-gb	Para 4.131.

en-gb	Policing and crime reduction policy, including drug abuse and mental health related issues, should be determined in Wales so that it is aligned and integrated with Welsh health, education and social policy .
cy-gb	Dylai polisi plismona a gostwng troseddu, gan gynnwys camddefnyddio cyffuriau a materion sy'n ymwneud ag iechyd meddwl, gael ei bennu yng Nghymru fel ei fod yn gyson ac wedi'i integreiddio â pholisi iechyd, addysg a chymdeithasol Cymru .

en-gb	Para 4.146.
cy-gb	Para 4.146.

en-gb	Problem-solving courts should be established in Wales along the Northern Ireland model . 
cy-gb	Dylai llysoedd datrys problemau gael eu sefydlu yng Nghymru yn debyg i fodel Gogledd Iwerddon . 

en-gb	Para 4.178. 
cy-gb	Para 4.178. 

en-gb	10 Para 4.194.
cy-gb	10 Para 4.194.

en-gb	Building on the reducing numbers of children and young people in custody and those entering the criminal justice system, youth justice policy should be determined and delivered in Wales 10 .
cy-gb	Gan adeiladu ar y gwaith o leihau nifer y plant a phobl ifanc sy'n destun trefniadau cystodaeth a'r rhai sy'n dod yn rhan o'r system cyfiawnder troseddol, dylai polisi cyfiawnder ieuenctid gael ei bennu a'i gyflwyno yng Nghymru 10 .

en-gb	The age of criminal responsibility should be raised to at least 12 years old in Wales .
cy-gb	Dylid codi oedran cyfrifoldeb troseddol i 12 oed o leiaf yng Nghymru .

en-gb	Para 4.195.
cy-gb	Para 4.195.

en-gb	The basic design principles for probation set out in the 2018 annual report of the then Chief Inspector of Probation should be applied to  the design of the new integrated National Probation Service of Wales  and the outcomes should be strictly measured on a regular basis and  be made public . 
cy-gb	Dylai'r egwyddorion dylunio sylfaenol a nodir yn adroddiad blynyddol 2018 Prif Arolygydd y Gwasanaeth Prawf ar y pryd gael eu cymhwyso at y broses o ddylunio'r Gwasanaeth Prawf Cenedlaethol integredig newydd i Gymru a dylai'r canlyniadau gael eu mesur yn fanwl yn rheolaidd a dylent gael eu cyhoeddi . 

en-gb	Para 4.244.
cy-gb	Para 4.244.

en-gb	The comprehensive network of services and centres as alternatives to custody for women in Wales must be established rapidly and sustained over time .
cy-gb	Rhaid i'r rhwydwaith cynhwysfawr o wasanaethau a chanolfannau fel dewisiadau amgen i garcharu menywod yng Nghymru gael ei sefydlu'n gyflym a'i gynnal dros amser .

en-gb	Para 4.276.
cy-gb	Para 4.276.

en-gb	Sentencing policy and the delivery of integrated offender management and rehabilitation should be determined in Wales so that it is an integral part of and aligned with Welsh health, education and social policy .
cy-gb	Dylai polisi dedfrydu a darpariaeth gwasanaethau integredig ar gyfer rheoli ac adsefydlu troseddwyr gael eu pennu yng Nghymru er mwyn iddynt fod yn rhan annatod o bolisi iechyd, addysg a chymdeithasol Cymru, ac yn gyson â hynny .

en-gb	Para 4.290.
cy-gb	Para 4.290.

en-gb	An integrated and whole system approach to offender management should be established with a single rehabilitative strategy in Wales that is underpinned by a strong evidence base, accurate data, clear governance and accountability arrangements, coherent action plans, a realistic timetable and resources realigned accordingly 15 . 
cy-gb	Dylid sefydlu dull system gyfan ac integredig o ymdrin â rheoli troseddwyr sydd ag un strategaeth adsefydlu yng Nghymru sydd wedi'i hategu gan sylfaen dystiolaeth gadarn, data cywir, trefniadau llywodraethu ac atebolrwydd clir, cynlluniau gweithredu cydlynol, amserlen realistig ac adnoddau sydd wedi'u hailalinio yn unol â hynny 15 .

en-gb	Intensive alternatives to custody should be developed as soon as possible in Wales. 
cy-gb	Dylai atebion amgen dwys yn lle'r carchar gael eu datblygu mor fuan â phosibl yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	They should have judicial oversight and be formally evaluated 16 . 
cy-gb	Dylent fod o dan oruchwyliaeth farnwrol a chael eu gwerthuso'n ffurfiol 16 . 

en-gb	Needs assessments of Welsh offenders should be conducted and collated to identify by volume and character the range of interventions required in both prisons and the community and to ensure that they are sequenced properly for optimal effect 17 .
cy-gb	Dylid coladu asesiadau o anghenion troseddwyr o Gymru er mwyn nodi'r amrywiaeth o ymyriadau, yn ôl nifer a chymeriad, sydd ei hangen yn y carchar ac yn y gymuned a sicrhau bod dilyniant priodol er mwyn cael yr effaith orau bosibl 17 .

en-gb	Administering the sentences of the court should be the responsibility  of a single public sector body in Wales and the core function of that  body should be managing offenders and promoting rehabilitation to reduce reoffending 18 . 
cy-gb	Dylai un corff yn y sector cyhoeddus yng Nghymru fod yn gyfrifol am weinyddu dedfrydau'r llys, ac iddo swyddogaeth graidd rheoli troseddwyr a hyrwyddo eu hadsefydlu er mwyn gostwng aildroseddu 18 . 

en-gb	There should be an integrated approach in Wales to improve leadership and provision of mental health services including support  for front line services to enable them to respond better to individuals with mental health needs 19 . 
cy-gb	Dylai fod dull integredig o wella arweinyddiaeth a darpariaeth gwasanaethau iechyd meddwl yng Nghymru, gan gynnwys cymorth i wasanaethau rheng flaen i'w galluogi i ymateb yn well i unigolion sydd ag anghenion iechyd meddwl 19 . 

en-gb	Chapter 5: 
cy-gb	Pennod 5: 

en-gb	Civil justice
cy-gb	Cyfiawnder sifil

en-gb	20. 
cy-gb	20. 

en-gb	Digital court services and other dispute resolution services that are being developed and introduced must be fully accessible to people throughout Wales and free assistance must be available to help individuals use them 20 .
cy-gb	Mae'n rhaid i wasanaethau llys digidol a gwasanaethau datrys anghydfodau eraill sy'n cael eu datblygu a'u cyflwyno fod yn gwbl hygyrch i bobl ledled Cymru ac mae'n rhaid i gynhorthwy am ddim fod ar gael i helpu unigolion i'w defnyddio 20 .

en-gb	21. 
cy-gb	21. 

en-gb	Dispute resolution before courts, tribunals, alternative dispute resolution and ombudsmen, as well as dispute resolution in respect of administrative law, should be promoted and coordinated in Wales through a body chaired by a senior judge 21 .
cy-gb	Dylai prosesau datrys anghydfodau gerbron llysoedd a thribiwnlysoedd, ffyrdd amgen o ddatrys anghydfodau ac ombwdsmyn, yn ogystal â datrys anghydfodau mewn perthynas â chyfraith weinyddol, gael eu hyrwyddo a'u cydgysylltu yng Nghymru drwy gorff a gadeirir gan uwch-farnwr 21 .

en-gb	15 
cy-gb	15 

en-gb	16 
cy-gb	16 

en-gb	Para 4.290.
cy-gb	Para 4.290 .

en-gb	17 
cy-gb	17 

en-gb	18 
cy-gb	18 

en-gb	19 
cy-gb	19 

en-gb	20 
cy-gb	20 

en-gb	Para 5.22.
cy-gb	Para 5.22.

en-gb	21 
cy-gb	21  

en-gb	Para 5.55.
cy-gb	Para 5.55.

en-gb	LIst oF reCommenDAtIons
cy-gb	RhEstR o ARGyMhELLion 

en-gb	LIst oF reCommenDAtIons 
cy-gb	RhEstR o ARGyMhELLion  

en-gb	LIst oF reCommenDAtIons 
cy-gb	RhEstR o ARGyMhELLion 

en-gb	Courts and tribunals which determine disputes in both civil and administrative law should be under one unified system in Wales 22 .
cy-gb	Dylai'r llysoedd a'r tribiwnlysoedd sy'n dyfarnu ar anghydfodau ym meysydd cyfraith sifil a chyfraith weinyddol fod yn rhan o un system unedig yng Nghymru 22 .

en-gb	The feasibility of a low cost and effective resolution method for civil disputes through the use of a comprehensive ombudsmen scheme, taking into account the online court, should be examined in Wales 23 .
cy-gb	Dylid ystyried dichonolrwydd dull cost isel ac effeithiol o ddatrys anghydfodau sifil drwy ddefnyddio cynllun ombwdsmyn cynhwysfawr, gan ystyried y llys ar-lein, yng Nghymru 23 .

en-gb	Chapter 6: 
cy-gb	Pennod 6: 

en-gb	Administrative justice and coroners
cy-gb	Cyfiawnder gweinyddol a chrwneriaid

en-gb	24. 
cy-gb	24. 

en-gb	It should be compulsory under the Civil Procedure Rules for cases against Welsh public bodies which challenge the lawfulness of their decisions to be issued and heard in Wales 24 .
cy-gb	O dan y Rheolau Trefniadaeth Sifil dylai fod yn orfodol i achosion yn erbyn cyrff cyhoeddus yng Nghymru sy'n herio cyfreithlondeb eu penderfyniadau gael eu cyflwyno a'u gwrando yng Nghymru 24 .

en-gb	25. 
cy-gb	25. 

en-gb	All public bodies, ombudsmen and other tribunals which have been established under Welsh law or by the Welsh Government, which make judicial or quasi-judicial decisions, and are not currently subject to the supervision of the President of Welsh Tribunals, should be brought under the supervision of the President 25 .
cy-gb	Dylai pob corff cyhoeddus, ombwdsmon a thribiwnlys arall a sefydlwyd o dan gyfraith Cymru neu gan Lywodraeth Cymru sy'n gwneud penderfyniadau barnwrol neu led-farnwrol, ac nad yw'n cael ei oruchwylio gan Lywydd Tribiwnlysoedd Cymru ar hyn o bryd, gael ei ddwyn o dan oruchwyliaeth y Llywydd 25 .

en-gb	26. 
cy-gb	26. 

en-gb	The Administrative Court should have the power to stay court proceedings whilst the Public Services Ombudsman for Wales investigates a complaint. 
cy-gb	Dylai fod gan y Llys Gweinyddol y pŵer i ohirio achosion llys tra bydd Ombwdsmon Gwasanaethau Cyhoeddus Cymru yn ymchwilio i gŵyn. 

en-gb	The Ombudsman should have the power to refer a point of law to the Court 26 .
cy-gb	Dylai fod gan yr Ombwdsmon y pŵer i gyfeirio pwynt cyfreithiol at  y Llys 26 .

en-gb	27. 
cy-gb	27. 

en-gb	The Welsh Tribunals Unit should have structural independence and the Welsh tribunals should be used for dispute resolution relating to future Welsh legislation 27 .
cy-gb	Dylai Uned Tribiwnlysoedd Cymru fod yn annibynnol yn strwythurol a dylid defnyddio tribiwnlysoedd Cymru i ddatrys anghydfodau ynglŷn â deddfwriaeth Gymreig yn y dyfodol 27 .

en-gb	28. 
cy-gb	28. 

en-gb	The recommendations for coordinating and rationalisation made for civil justice should also be applied to administrative justice 28 .
cy-gb	Dylai'r argymhellion ar gyfer cydgysylltu a rhesymoli cyfiawnder sifil hefyd gael eu cymhwyso at gyfiawnder gweinyddol 28 .

en-gb	29. 
cy-gb	29. 

en-gb	Challenges relating to inquests into all deaths in Wales should be issued and heard in Wales 29 .
cy-gb	Dylai heriau sy'n ymwneud â chwestau i bob marwolaeth yng Nghymru gael eu cyflwyno a'u gwrando yng Nghymru 29 .

en-gb	22 
cy-gb	22 

en-gb	Para 5.56.
cy-gb	Para 5.56.

en-gb	23 
cy-gb	23 

en-gb	Para 5.58.
cy-gb	Para 5.58.

en-gb	24 
cy-gb	24 

en-gb	Para 6.27.
cy-gb	Para 6.27.

en-gb	25 
cy-gb	25 

en-gb	Para 6.50.
cy-gb	Para 6.50.

en-gb	26 
cy-gb	26 

en-gb	Para 6.55.
cy-gb	Para 6.55.

en-gb	27 
cy-gb	27 

en-gb	Para 6.59.2.
cy-gb	Para 6.59.2.

en-gb	28 
cy-gb	28 

en-gb	Para 6.60.
cy-gb	Para 6.60.

en-gb	29  
cy-gb	29 

en-gb	Para 6.68.
cy-gb	Para 6.68.

en-gb	30.  
cy-gb	30.  

en-gb	There should be a distinct organisation for coroner services in Wales with funding available on an all Wales basis to ensure that uniform standards and services are applied 30 . 
cy-gb	Dylai fod sefydliad penodol ar gyfer gwasanaethau Crwneriaid yng Nghymru, gyda chyllid ar gael ar sail Cymru gyfan er mwyn sicrhau y caiff safonau a gwasanaethau unffurf eu cymhwyso 30 . 

en-gb	Chapter 7: 
cy-gb	Pennod 7: 

en-gb	Family justice: children
cy-gb	Cyfiawnder teuluol

en-gb	31. 
cy-gb	31. 

en-gb	The law relating to children and family justice in Wales should be brought together in one coherent legal system aligned with functions in relation to health, education and welfare 31 .
cy-gb	Dylai'r gyfraith sy'n ymwneud â chyfiawnder plant a chyfiawnder teuluol yng Nghymru gael ei dwyn ynghyd yn un system gyfreithiol gydlynol sy'n gyson â swyddogaethau mewn perthynas ag iechyd, addysg a lles 31 .

en-gb	32. 
cy-gb	32. 

en-gb	Pending further research and the development of a long-term  strategy, an all Wales approach to family justice should be developed and led in Wales through the Family Justice Network for Wales and the Local Family Justice Boards. 
cy-gb	Wrth aros am fwy o ymchwil a datblygu strategaeth hirdymor, dylai dull Cymru gyfan o ymdrin â chyfiawnder teuluol gael ei ddatblygu a'i arwain yng Nghymru drwy Rwydwaith Cyfiawnder Teuluol Cymru a'r Byrddau Cyfiawnder Teuluol Lleol. 

en-gb	The approach should be followed by all  local authorities for dealing with child protection referrals with the objective of avoiding care proceedings when family support would  be more appropriate 32 .
cy-gb	Dylai hyn gael ei wneud gan bob awdurdod lleol wrth ymdrin ag atgyfeiriadau amddiffyn plant, gyda'r nod o osgoi achosion gofal pan fyddai cymorth i'r teulu yn fwy priodol 32 .

en-gb	33. 
cy-gb	33. 

en-gb	It should be a matter of routine practice prior to the first hearing in care proceedings to examine the feasibility of problem-solving and the form it might take, with a view to finding what steps short of taking a child into care can be put in place 33 . 
cy-gb	Dylai fod yn arferol cyn y gwrandawiad cyntaf mewn achos gofal ystyried dichonolrwydd datrys problemau ac ar ba ffurf, gyda'r nod o gadarnhau pa gamau y gellir eu cymryd heblaw rhoi plentyn  mewn gofal 33 . 

en-gb	34. 
cy-gb	34. 

en-gb	The voice of the child should be heard at every stage of  the proceedings 34 .
cy-gb	Dylai llais y plentyn gael ei glywed ar bob cam o'r achos 34 .

en-gb	35. 
cy-gb	35. 

en-gb	Family Drug and Alcohol Courts should be established in Wales 35 .
cy-gb	Dylai Llysoedd Cyffuriau ac Alcohol i Deuluoedd gael eu sefydlu  yng Nghymru 35 .

en-gb	36. 
cy-gb	36. 

en-gb	There should be vigorous support for a programme of research to underpin reform of Welsh family justice and associated preventative services. 
cy-gb	Dylai fod cefnogaeth fawr i raglen ymchwil sy'n ategu'r gwaith o ddiwygio cyfiawnder teuluol a gwasanaethau ataliol cysylltiedig yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	The overarching aim should be the reduction in the numbers of children taken into care and the provision of far better evidence of the impacts of intervention on family life 36 . 
cy-gb	Dylid sicrhau mai'r prif nod yw lleihau nifer y plant a roddir mewn gofal a darparu tystiolaeth lawer gwell o effeithiau ymyrryd ar fywyd teuluol 36 . 

en-gb	30 
cy-gb	30 

en-gb	Para 6.74.
cy-gb	Para 6.74.

en-gb	31 
cy-gb	31 

en-gb	Para 7.20.
cy-gb	Para 7.20.

en-gb	32 
cy-gb	32 

en-gb	Para 7.107.
cy-gb	Para 7.107.

en-gb	33 
cy-gb	33 

en-gb	34 
cy-gb	34 

en-gb	35 
cy-gb	35 

en-gb	36  Para 7.111.
cy-gb	Para 7.111.

en-gb	A carefully thought through long-term policy for reducing the numbers of children taken into care should be developed after the conclusions of the research and then implemented 37 . 
cy-gb	Dylid llunio polisi hirdymor a ystyrir yn ofalus ar gyfer lleihau nifer y plant a roddir mewn gofal ar ôl cwblhau'r ymchwil ac yna ei weithredu 37 . 

en-gb	Legal advice should be available to each parent in private family law disputes prior to the commencement of proceedings up to a maximum fixed amount in each case 38 . 
cy-gb	Dylai cyngor cyfreithiol fod ar gael i bob rhiant mewn anghydfodau preifat ynglŷn â chyfraith teulu cyn cychwyn achos hyd at uchafswm penodedig ym mhob achos 38 . 

en-gb	Chapter 8: 
cy-gb	Pennod 8: 

en-gb	Delivering justice: 
cy-gb	sicrhau cyfiawnder: 

en-gb	locality and structure
cy-gb	lleoliad a strwythur

en-gb	40. 
cy-gb	40. 

en-gb	The Welsh Government should, in close consultation with the legal professions, provide fully funded legal apprenticeships to enable people to qualify as legal professionals in Wales 40 .
cy-gb	Dylai Llywodraeth Cymru, mewn ymgynghoriad agos â'r proffesiynau cyfreithiol, gynnig prentisiaethau cyfreithiol wedi'u hariannu'n llawn er mwyn galluogi pobl i gymhwyso fel gweithwyr cyfreithiol proffesiynol yng Nghymru 40 .

en-gb	41. 
cy-gb	41. 

en-gb	There should be greater transparency about the level and distribution of expenditure on external legal services by the Welsh Government, each Welsh local authority and all other public bodies in Wales. 
cy-gb	Dylai fod mwy o dryloywder ynglŷn â lefel a dosbarthiad gwariant ar wasanaethau cyfreithiol allanol gan Lywodraeth Cymru, pob awdurdod lleol yng Nghymru a phob corff cyhoeddus arall yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	The procurement of barristers’ services should be reformed to help build the capacity of the Bar in Wales 41 .
cy-gb	Dylai'r broses o gaffael gwasanaethau bargyfreithwyr gael ei diwygio er mwyn helpu i feithrin gallu ac adnoddau'r Bar yng Nghymru 41 .

en-gb	42. 
cy-gb	42. 

en-gb	The Welsh Government should develop and implement as soon as possible our proposed strategy to reinvigorate the rural and postindustrial legal sector in Wales 42 .
cy-gb	Dylai Llywodraeth Cymru ddatblygu'r strategaeth arfaethedig i adfywio'r sector cyfreithiol gwledig ac ôl-ddiwydiannol yng Nghymru, a'i rhoi ar waith mor fuan â phosibl 42 .

en-gb	43. 
cy-gb	43. 

en-gb	The Welsh Government should provide strong support for investment  in technology, especially in post-industrial and rural Wales 43 .
cy-gb	Dylai Llywodraeth Cymru roi cefnogaeth gref i fuddsoddi mewn technoleg, yn enwedig yn y Gymru ôl-ddiwydiannol a gwledig 43 .

en-gb	The Welsh Government must provide clear leadership and support for the legal services sector. 
cy-gb	Mae'n rhaid i Lywodraeth Cymru roi arweinyddiaeth a chefnogaeth glir i'r sector gwasanaethau cyfreithiol. 

en-gb	This should be targeted, user-friendly, flexible and attractive to potential inward investors especially with establishing a technology-based nearshoring centre as an objective 44 .
cy-gb	Dylai hyn gael ei dargedu, bod yn hawdd ei ddefnyddio, a bod yn hyblyg ac yn atyniadol i ddarpar fewnfuddsoddwyr, yn enwedig o ran sefydlu canolfan yn seiliedig ar dechnoleg i drosglwyddo busnes iddi o agos ('nearshoring') fel amcan 44 .

en-gb	The Welsh Government, legal professionals in Wales, the Law Society, the Bar Council, other professional bodies and academia should work in partnership. 
cy-gb	Dylai Llywodraeth Cymru, gweithwyr cyfreithiol proffesiynol yng Nghymru, Cymdeithas y Cyfreithwyr, Cyngor y Bar, cyrff proffesiynol eraill a'r byd academaidd weithio mewn partneriaeth. 

en-gb	They should develop and promote the capabilities of the legal sector, promote South Wales as a legal centre and increase the export of legal services 45 .
cy-gb	Dylent ddatblygu a hyrwyddo gallu'r sector cyfreithiol, hyrwyddo De Cymru fel canolfan gyfreithiol a chynyddu faint o wasanaethau cyfreithiol a allforir 45 .

en-gb	Chapter 10: 
cy-gb	Pennod 10: 

en-gb	Knowledge, skills and innovation
cy-gb	Gwybodaeth, sgiliau ac arloesi

en-gb	46. 
cy-gb	46. 

en-gb	Welsh law schools must reassess their undergraduate programmes  to take advantage of the scope for comparative studies and  transferable qualifications 46 .
cy-gb	Mae'n rhaid i ysgolion y gyfraith yng Nghymru ailasesu eu rhaglenni i israddedigion er mwyn manteisio ar y cyfle ar gyfer astudiaethau cymharol a chymwysterau trosglwyddadwy 46 .

en-gb	47. 
cy-gb	47. 

en-gb	Law tech must be taught to all students and the professions  across Wales 47 .
cy-gb	Mae'n rhaid i dechnoleg y gyfraith gael ei haddysgu i bob myfyriwr a phob proffesiwn ledled Cymru 47 .

en-gb	48. 
cy-gb	48. 

en-gb	All university and college education providers in Wales should teach Welsh law as part of the ordinary undergraduate syllabus and work together to produce the necessary materials 48 .
cy-gb	Dylai pob darparwr addysg prifysgol a choleg yng Nghymru addysgu 'cyfraith Cymru' fel rhan o faes llafur arferol israddedigion a chydweithio i baratoi'r deunyddiau angenrheidiol 48 .

en-gb	49. 
cy-gb	49. 

en-gb	The place of Welsh law and the distinctiveness of the law in Wales should be properly reflected in professional and continuing legal education and training 49 .
cy-gb	Dylai lle cyfraith Cymru a nodweddion unigryw'r gyfraith yng Nghymru gael eu hadlewyrchu'n briodol mewn addysg a hyfforddiant cyfreithiol proffesiynol a pharhaus 49 .

en-gb	50. 
cy-gb	50. 

en-gb	Wales specific data should be collected and published on a sufficient scale to enable disaggregation, with a view to proper evidence-based policy development and as a basis for research 50 .
cy-gb	Dylai data penodol ar Gymru gael eu casglu a'u cyhoeddi ar raddfa ddigonol i'w gwneud yn bosibl i'w datgrynhoi, gyda'r nod o ddatblygu polisïau ar sail dystiolaeth briodol ac fel sail i ymchwil 50 .

en-gb	51. 
cy-gb	51. 

en-gb	The Welsh Government should lead the development and implementation of an action plan to promote and support public legal education, particularly for children and young people 51 .
cy-gb	Dylai Llywodraeth Cymru arwain y gwaith o ddatblygu cynllun gweithredu i hyrwyddo a chefnogi addysg gyfreithiol gyhoeddus, yn enwedig i blant a phobl ifanc, a'i roi ar waith 51 .

en-gb	Chapter 11: 
cy-gb	Pennod 11: 

en-gb	the Welsh language
cy-gb	y Gymraeg

en-gb	All justice bodies should be subject to the Welsh Language  Measure 2011 .
cy-gb	Dylai pob corff cyfiawnder fod yn ddarostyngedig i Fesur y  Gymraeg 2011 .

en-gb	Para 11.13.
cy-gb	Para 11.13.

en-gb	The Bar, CILEx and the Law Society should provide courses on using Welsh in the workplace, similar to those used by the Judicial College .
cy-gb	Dylai'r Bar, CILEx a Chymdeithas y Cyfreithwyr ddarparu cyrsiau ar ddefnyddio'r Gymraeg yn y gweithle, yn debyg i'r rhai a ddefnyddir gan y Coleg Barnwrol .

en-gb	Para 11.17.
cy-gb	Para 11.17.

en-gb	Digital services that are being introduced must be accessible, free help must be available and all must be available in Welsh at the same time as the English version .
cy-gb	Mae'n rhaid i wasanaethau digidol sy'n cael eu cyflwyno fod yn hygyrch, mae'n rhaid bod cymorth am ddim ar gael ac mae'n rhaid i hyn oll fod ar gael yn Gymraeg ar yr un pryd â'r fersiwn Saesneg .

en-gb	Para 11.28.
cy-gb	Para 11.28.

en-gb	Professional legal education for those wishing to practise in Wales must be available in the Welsh language with the phased introduction of the availability of all professional examinations in Welsh .
cy-gb	Mae'n rhaid bod addysg gyfreithiol broffesiynol i'r rhai sydd am ymarfer yng Nghymru ar gael yn Gymraeg, gan sicrhau'n raddol y bydd pob arholiad proffesiynol ar gael yn Gymraeg .

en-gb	Para 11.32.
cy-gb	Para 11.32.

en-gb	Welsh law schools must collaborate on Welsh medium legal education, especially as regards the provision of teaching materials .
cy-gb	Mae'n rhaid i ysgolion y gyfraith yng Nghymru gydweithio ar addysg gyfreithiol cyfrwng Cymraeg, yn enwedig o ran darparu deunyddiau addysgu .

en-gb	Para 11.36.
cy-gb	Para 11.36.

en-gb	All coroner services should be available in the Welsh language . 
cy-gb	Dylai holl wasanaethau crwneriaid fod ar gael yn Gymraeg .

en-gb	Chapter 12: 
cy-gb	Para 11.38.

en-gb	Governance, the law of Wales and the judiciary
cy-gb	Pennod 12: 

en-gb	Para 11.38.
cy-gb	Llywodraethu, cyfraith Cymru a'r farnwriaeth

en-gb	recommendations on devolution of justice
cy-gb	Argymhellion ar ddatganoli cyfiawnder

en-gb	There should be legislative devolution of justice. 
cy-gb	Dylai cyfiawnder gael ei ddatganoli'n ddeddfwriaethol. 

en-gb	Restrictions and reservations governing the Assembly’s power to legislate on all forms of justice, including policing and offender management and rehabilitation, should be removed, so that it corresponds more closely with the position of the Northern Ireland Assembly and the Scottish Parliament .
cy-gb	Dylid tynnu'r cyfyngiadau a'r darpariaethau cadw sy'n llywodraethu pŵer y Cynulliad i ddeddfu ar bob math o gyfiawnder, gan gynnwys plismona, a rheoli ac adsefydlu troseddwyr, er mwyn cyfateb yn agosach i sefyllfa Cynulliad Gogledd Iwerddon a Senedd yr Alban .

en-gb	Para 12.63.
cy-gb	Para 12.63.

en-gb	In tandem with the removal of reservations and restrictions on the Assembly’s powers, responsibility for executive functions in relation to justice in Wales should be transferred to the Welsh Government .
cy-gb	Ar y cyd â thynnu darpariaethau cadw a chyfyngiadau ar bwerau'r Cynulliad, dylai'r cyfrifoldeb am swyddogaethau gweithredol mewn perthynas â chyfiawnder yng Nghymru gael ei drosglwyddo i Lywodraeth Cymru .

en-gb	Devolution of justice must be accompanied by a full transfer of financial resources, including all identifiable administrative and capital resources relating to Wales .
cy-gb	Wrth i gyfiawnder gael ei ddatganoli, mae'n rhaid i adnoddau ariannol, gan gynnwys adnoddau gweinyddol a chyfalaf sy'n ymwneud â Chymru y gellir eu nodi, gael eu trosglwyddo'n llawn .

en-gb	Para 12.68.
cy-gb	Para 12.68.

en-gb	recommendations to be implemented under the current scheme  of devolution
cy-gb	Argymhellion i'w gweithredu o dan y drefn ddatganoli bresennol

en-gb	Clear and accountable leadership on justice in the Welsh Government must be established under the current scheme of devolution .
cy-gb	Mae'n rhaid i arweinyddiaeth glir ac atebol ar gyfiawnder yn Llywodraeth Cymru gael ei sefydlu o dan y drefn ddatganoli bresennol .

en-gb	Para 12.73.
cy-gb	Para 12.73.

en-gb	The Assembly should take a more proactive role in appropriate scrutiny of the operation of the justice system .
cy-gb	Dylai'r Cynulliad chwarae rôl fwy rhagweithiol wrth graffu'n briodol ar weithrediad y system gyfiawnder .

en-gb	Para 12.83.
cy-gb	Para 12.83.

en-gb	The Welsh Government should address policy issues relating to justice by using external experts who can report jointly with civil servants  to Ministers .
cy-gb	Dylai Llywodraeth Cymru fynd i'r afael â materion polisi sy'n ymwneud â chyfiawnder drwy ddefnyddio arbenigwyr allanol a all adrodd ar y cyd â gweision sifil i Weinidogion .

en-gb	Para 12.96.
cy-gb	Para 12.96.

en-gb	The Welsh Government and the legal sector should develop a joint leadership programme .
cy-gb	Dylai Llywodraeth Cymru a'r sector cyfreithiol ddatblygu rhaglen arwain ar y cyd .

en-gb	A Law Council of Wales should be established to promote the interests of legal education and the awareness of Welsh law, to ensure proper provision of teaching the law in Welsh, and to assist students in their education and training as future practitioners .
cy-gb	Dylai Cyngor Cyfraith Cymru gael ei sefydlu er mwyn hyrwyddo buddiannau addysg gyfreithiol, ac ymwybyddiaeth o gyfraith Cymru  er mwyn sicrhau bod y gyfraith yn cael ei haddysgu'n briodol yn Gymraeg, a helpu myfyrwyr gyda'u haddysg a'u hyfforddiant fel ymarferwyr y dyfodol .

en-gb	Para 12.111.
cy-gb	Para 12.111.

en-gb	The organisation of the senior judiciary in Wales should be changed to provide the necessary working relationships and leadership  within Wales .
cy-gb	Dylai cyfundrefn yr uwch-farnwriaeth yng Nghymru gael ei newid i ddarparu'r cydberthnasau gwaith a'r arweinyddiaeth angenrheidiol yng Nghymru .

en-gb	Para 12.145.
cy-gb	Para 12.145.

en-gb	Wales should be put in a similar position to Scotland and Northern Ireland in the Supreme Court as regards the appointment of judges to the Supreme Court .
cy-gb	Dylai Cymru fod mewn sefyllfa debyg i'r Alban a Gogledd Iwerddon yn y Goruchaf Lys o ran penodi barnwyr i'r Goruchaf Lys .

en-gb	Para 12.161.
cy-gb	Para 12.161.

en-gb	recommendations for implementation with legislative devolution
cy-gb	Argymhellion i'w gweithredu o ran datganoli deddfwriaethol

en-gb	With legislative devolution, there must be a new Justice Department  in the Welsh Government led by a Cabinet Minister . 
cy-gb	Yn sgil datganoli deddfwriaethol, rhaid sefydlu Adran Gyfiawnder newydd yn Llywodraeth Cymru a arweinir gan un o Weinidogion  y Cabinet . 

en-gb	The office of Counsel General should continue as an office that provides independent legal advice to the Welsh Government and heads the Government Legal Service in Wales .
cy-gb	Dylai swydd y Cwnsler Cyffredinol barhau fel swydd sy'n rhoi cyngor cyfreithiol annibynnol i Lywodraeth Cymru ac sy'n bennaeth ar Wasanaeth Cyfreithiol y Llywodraeth yng Nghymru .

en-gb	Legislative devolution will require the establishment of a Justice Committee in the Assembly .
cy-gb	Bydd datganoli deddfwriaethol yn gofyn am sefydlu Pwyllgor Cyfiawnder yn y Cynulliad .

en-gb	Where there is overlap between the roles of local, regional and national boards, committees and partnerships, they should be merged .
cy-gb	Lle y bo gorgyffwrdd rhwng rolau byrddau, pwyllgorau a phartneriaethau lleol, rhanbarthol a chenedlaethol, dylent gael  eu huno .

en-gb	Para 12.89.
cy-gb	Para 12.89.

en-gb	With legislative devolution, the governance arrangements for the police should be re-examined .
cy-gb	Yn sgil datganoli deddfwriaethol, dylid ailystyried y trefniadau llywodraethu ar gyfer yr heddlu .

en-gb	Para 12.102.
cy-gb	Para 12.102.

en-gb	The law applicable in Wales should be formally identified as the law of Wales, distinct from the law of England .
cy-gb	Dylai'r gyfraith sy'n gymwys yng Nghymru gael ei nodi'n ffurfiol fel cyfraith Cymru, sy'n wahanol i gyfraith Lloegr .

en-gb	Para 12.123.
cy-gb	Para 12.123.

en-gb	The present system where legal practitioners can practise in  England and Wales and the legal professions are jointly regulated should be continued .
cy-gb	Dylai'r system bresennol lle y gall ymarferwyr cyfreitihol ymarfer yng Nghymru a Lloegr a lle mae'r proffesiynau cyfreithiol yn cael eu rheoleiddio ar y cyd barhau .

en-gb	Para 12.134.
cy-gb	Para 12.134.

en-gb	Legislation should provide for a High Court and a Court of Appeal of Wales to be established by the Assembly .
cy-gb	Dylai deddfwriaeth ddarparu ar gyfer sefydlu Uchel Lys a Llys Apêl i Gymru gan y Cynulliad .

en-gb	Para 12.159.
cy-gb	Para 12.159.

en-gb	With legislative devolution, a Welsh Courts and Tribunals Service should be developed from the base of a Welsh Tribunals Unit reformed on the model of the Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service . 
cy-gb	Yn sgil datganoli deddfwriaethol, dylid datblygu Gwasanaeth Llysoedd a Thribiwnlysoedd i Gymru o sylfaen Uned Tribiwnlysoedd i Gymru wedi'i diwygio yn unol â model Gwasanaeth Llysoedd a Thribiwnlysoedd  yr Alban . 

en-gb	Para 12.165.
cy-gb	Para 12.165.

en-gb	With legislative devolution, the Welsh Government will need to review, and keep under continuing review, the justice infrastructure for Wales .
cy-gb	Yn sgil datganoli deddfwriaethol, bydd angen i Lywodraeth Cymru adolygu a pharhau i adolygu seilwaith cyfiawnder Cymru .

en-gb	Para 12.176.
cy-gb	Para 12.176.

en-gb	Action to be taken now by the Welsh Government and the Assembly
cy-gb	Camau i'w cymryd nawr gan Lywodraeth Cymru a'r Cynulliad

en-gb	The Welsh Government should begin the process of reform by listing the recommendations it will seek to implement whilst the current scheme of devolution continues. 
cy-gb	Dylai Llywodraeth Cymru ddechrau'r broses o ddiwygio drwy restru'r argymhellion y bydd yn ceisio eu rhoi ar waith tra bydd y drefn ddatganoli bresennol yn parhau. 

en-gb	The Assembly should make arrangements to monitor and review the process of reform .
cy-gb	Dylai'r Cynulliad wneud trefniadau i fonitro ac adolygu'r broses ddiwygio .

en-gb	CHAPTER 1
cy-gb	PENNOD 1:

en-gb	Our approach: 
cy-gb	Ein Dull Gweithredu: 

en-gb	a more just, fair
cy-gb	Cymru fwy Cyfiawn, 

en-gb	and prosperous Wales
cy-gb	Teg a Ffyniannus 

en-gb	our terms of reference
cy-gb	Ein cylch gorchwyl

en-gb	The Commission on Justice in Wales is an independent commission appointed by the Welsh Government in December 2017, with the following terms of reference:
cy-gb	Mae’r Comisiwn ar Gyfiawnder yng Nghymru yn gomisiwn annibynnol a benodwyd gan Lywodraeth Cymru ym mis Rhagfyr 2017, gyda’r cylch gorchwyl canlynol:

en-gb	 The Commission on Justice in Wales (2018) Terms of reference. 
cy-gb	 Y Comisiwn ar Gyfiawnder yng Nghymru (2018) Cylch gorchwyl. 

en-gb	To review the operation of the justice system in Wales and set a  long-term vision for its future, with a view to:
cy-gb	  Adolygu gweithrediad y system gyfiawnder yng Nghymru a gosod gweledigaeth hirdymor ar gyfer y dyfodol, gyda’r nod o:

en-gb	promoting better outcomes in terms of access to justice, reducing crime and promoting rehabilitation;
cy-gb	hyrwyddo gwell canlyniadau o ran mynediad at  gyfiawnder, gostwng nifer yr achosion o droseddu a  hybu’r broses adsefydlu;

en-gb	ensuring that the jurisdictional arrangements and legal education address and reflect the role of justice in the governance and prosperity of Wales as well as the distinct issues that arise in Wales; and
cy-gb	sicrhau bod y trefniadau awdurdodaethol ac addysg gyfreithiol yn adlewyrchu ac yn edrych ar swyddogaeth cyfiawnder yn llywodraethiant a ffyniant Cymru yn ogystal â materion neilltuol sy’n codi yng nghymru; 

en-gb	promoting the strength and sustainability of the Welsh legal services sector and maximising its contribution to the prosperity of Wales.
cy-gb	hyrwyddo cadernid a chynaliadwyedd sector gwasanaethau cyfreithiol Cymru a sicrhau’r cyfraniad mwyaf posibl i ffyniant Cymru.

en-gb	Our review under these terms of reference is the first review of the operation of the justice system in Wales for at least 200 years. 
cy-gb	Ein hadolygiad o dan y cylch gorchwyl hwn yw'r adolygiad cyntaf o weithrediad y system gyfiawnder yng Nghymru ers o leiaf 200 mlynedd. 

en-gb	Since 1997, when the people of Wales voted for a National Assembly for Wales (the Assembly), there has been a succession of reforms and reviews of governance and powers in Wales. 
cy-gb	Ers 1997, pan bleidleisiodd pobl Cymru o blaid Cynulliad Cenedlaethol i Gymru (y Cynulliad), bu cyfres o ddiwygiadau ac adolygiadau o drefniadau llywodraethu a phwerau yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	Independent commissions have played a significant part in informing and shaping these reforms. 
cy-gb	Mae comisiynau annibynnol wedi chwarae rhan arwyddocaol yn y gwaith o lywio’r diwygiadau hyn. 

en-gb	Notably, in 2004, the Richard Commission  conducted a broad and deep analysis of the then devolution scheme in Wales. 
cy-gb	Yn benodol, yn 2004, cynhaliodd Comisiwn Richard  ddadansoddiad eang a dwfn o’r drefn ddatganoli ar y pryd yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	It led to the formal separation of the Assembly, which was constituted as a single corporate body by the Government of Wales Act 1998 ,  into an executive and a legislature and paved the way for an extension of the Assembly’s legislative powers. 
cy-gb	Arweiniodd at rannu’r Cynulliad, a sefydlwyd fel un corff corfforaethol gan Ddeddf Llywodraeth Cymru 1998, yn ffurfiol yn weithrediaeth ac yn ddeddfwrfa, gan baratoi’r ffordd i ymestyn pwerau deddfwriaethol y Cynulliad. 

en-gb	However, although it dealt with the legislature and the executive, it did not deal with the third branch of government usually found in any democratically governed nation – the judiciary. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, er iddo ymdrin â’r ddeddfwrfa a’r weithrediaeth, nid oedd yn ymdrin â thrydedd gangen y llywodraeth a welir fel arfer mewn unrhyw wlad a lywodraethir yn ddemocrataidd – y farnwriaeth. 

en-gb	In 2011, the Silk Commission , established by the UK Government, reviewed the financial and constitutional arrangements in Wales. 
cy-gb	Yn 2011, adolygodd Comisiwn Silk , a sefydlwyd gan Lywodraeth y DU, y trefniadau ariannol a chyfansoddiadol yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	Its the second part of its report, published in March 2014, made recommendations on the extent of the Assembly’s legislative powers, including in relation to policing and justice; we consider this at paragraph 2.24. 
cy-gb	Yn ei ail adroddiad, a gyhoeddwyd ym mis Mawrth 2014, gwnaeth argymhellion ar gwmpas pwerau deddfwriaethol y Cynulliad, gan gynnwys argymhellion mewn perthynas â phlismona a chyfiawnder; Ystyriwn hyn ym mharagraff 2.24. 

en-gb	 Richard Commission (2004) Final Report. 
cy-gb	 Comisiwn Richard (2004) Adroddiad Terfynol. 

en-gb	 Silk Commission (2011) Empowerment and Responsibility: 
cy-gb	 Comisiwn Silk (2011) Grymuso a Chyfrifoldeb: 

en-gb	Financial Powers to Strengthen Wales
cy-gb	p werau deddfwriaethol i gryfhau Cymru. 

en-gb	2. 
cy-gb	2. 

en-gb	Guiding principles to our approach
cy-gb	Egwyddorion arweiniol ein dull    gweithredu

en-gb	1.3  In our call for evidence , we identified principles as the basis for our recommendations. 
cy-gb	1.3  Yn ein cais am dystiolaeth , nodwyd yr egwyddorion a fyddai’n sail i’n hargymhellion. 

en-gb	They are listed in Appendix C.
cy-gb	Fe’u rhestrir yn Atodiad C. 

en-gb	 Commission for Justice in Wales (2017) Call for Evidence. 
cy-gb	 Y Comisiwn ar Gyfiawnder yng Nghymru (2017) Cais am Dystiolaeth. 

en-gb	1.4  Consistently with our call for evidence, our approach to the evaluation of the evidence did not commence by examining constitutional principles. 
cy-gb	1.4  Yn gyson â’n cais am dystiolaeth, ni wnaeth ein gwerthusiad o’r dystiolaeth ddechrau drwy ystyried egwyddorion cyfansoddiadol. 

en-gb	Rather our approach has been to address the following principal factors, which are set out fully in paragraph 12.3:
cy-gb	Yn hytrach, aethom ati i ymdrin â’r prif ffactorau canlynol, a nodir yn llawn ym mharagraff 12.3 : 

en-gb	1.4.1 
cy-gb	1.4.1 

en-gb	Justice is at the heart of any system of democratic  government of a nation.
cy-gb	Mae cyfiawnder wrth wraidd unrhyw system llywodraeth ddemocrataidd sydd gan wlad.

en-gb	1.4.2 
cy-gb	1.4.2 

en-gb	The needs of the people of Wales must be met.
cy-gb	Mae’n rhaid i anghenion pobl Cymru gael eu diwallu.

en-gb	1.4.3 
cy-gb	1.4.3 

en-gb	A whole system approach with alignment of justice with  other policies should be adopted.
cy-gb	Dylid mabwysiadu dull system gyfan o weithredu, gan  wneud cyfiawnder yn gydnaws â pholisïau eraill.

en-gb	1.4.4 
cy-gb	1.4.4 

en-gb	Funding and resources must be related to the whole  system approach.
cy-gb	Mae’n rhaid i gyllid ac adnoddau fod yn gysylltiedig â’r dull system gyfan o weithredu.

en-gb	1.4.5 
cy-gb	1.4.5 

en-gb	Leadership, capacity, capability and confidence are essential  to delivering justice. 
cy-gb	Mae arweinyddiaeth, gallu ac adnoddau a hyder yn hanfodol i sicrhau cyfiawnder. 

en-gb	1.4.6 
cy-gb	1.4.6 

en-gb	Advantage must be taken of Wales’ relatively small size.
cy-gb	Mae’n rhaid manteisio ar faint Cymru sy’n gymharol fach.

en-gb	1.4.7 
cy-gb	1.4.7 

en-gb	There must be clear and easy to understand accountability.
cy-gb	Mae’n rhaid bod atebolrwydd clir a hawdd ei ddeall.

en-gb	1.4.8 
cy-gb	1.4.8 

en-gb	A long-term and sustainable approach must be taken. 
cy-gb	Mae’n rhaid gweithredu mewn dull hirdymor a chynaliadwy. 

en-gb	1.4.9 
cy-gb	1.4.9 

en-gb	Governance and devolution schemes must strengthen the constitution of the UK.
cy-gb	Mae’n rhaid i’r drefn lywodraethu a’r drefn ddatganoli atgyfnerthu cyfansoddiad y DU.

en-gb	1.5  Throughout, we have sought to have regard to how the justice system impacts differently on people depending on their characteristics and circumstances, and whether these differences in outcomes are fair.
cy-gb	1.5  Drwy'r cyfan, rydym wedi ceisio rhoi sylw i'r ffordd y mae'r system gyfiawnder yn effeithio ar bobl yn wahanol, yn dibynnu ar eu nodweddion a'u hamgylchiadau, a ph'un a yw'r gwahaniaethau hyn mewn canlyniadau yn deg.

en-gb	1.6  By far the greater part of our report considers justice in Wales within its wider social, economic, geographic and cultural context and the particular legislative and constitutional context of Wales. 
cy-gb	1.6  Mae'r rhan helaeth o'n hadroddiad yn ystyried cyfiawnder yng Nghymru yn ei gyd-destun cymdeithasol, economaidd, daearyddol a diwylliannol ehangach a chyd-destun deddfwriaethol a chyfansoddiadol Cymru yn benodol. 

en-gb	We seek to identify where the people of Wales are not well served by the current system and to map out the changes required to arrive at better, sustainable solutions. 
cy-gb	Rydym yn ceisio nodi lle nad yw'r system bresennol yn gwasanaethu pobl Cymru yn dda a mapio'r newidiadau sydd eu hangen i ddod o hyd i atebion gwell a chynaliadwy. 

en-gb	1.7  Following our examination of the changes that we recommend be made in respect of each aspect of justice, we examined governance, devolution and constitutional principles to see what we should recommend as to the scheme of devolution. 
cy-gb	1.7  Ar ôl ystyried y newidiadau rydym yn argymell y dylid eu gwneud mewn perthynas â phob agwedd ar gyfiawnder, ystyriwyd y drefn lywodraethu, datganoli ac egwyddorion cyfansoddiadol er mwyn gweld yr hyn y dylem ei argymell o ran y drefn ddatganoli. 

en-gb	We tested our views primarily by asking what will best deliver the changes needed for the benefit of the people of Wales and how the responsibility for justice policy and delivery can be made clear to enable the public to understand who is responsible and hold them to account. 
cy-gb	Gwnaethom brofi ein safbwyntiau yn bennaf drwy ofyn beth fydd y ffordd orau o sicrhau'r newidiadau sydd eu hangen er budd pobl Cymru a sut y gellir gwneud y cyfrifoldeb am bolisi cyfiawnder a'i gyflwyno yn glir er mwyn i'r cyhoedd ddeall pwy sy'n gyfrifol a'u dwyn i gyfrif. 

en-gb	1.8  The conclusions and the recommendations we have reached  are unanimous.
cy-gb	1.8  Mae'r casgliadau a'r argymhellion a luniwyd gennym yn unfrydol.

en-gb	3. the rule of Law
cy-gb	3. Rheolaeth y Gyfraith

en-gb	1.9  The justice system underpins the Rule of Law, a term most often used by lawyers and those interested in the constitution. 
cy-gb	1.9  Seilir Rheolaeth y Gyfraith, sef term a ddefnyddir amlaf gan gyfreithwyr a'r rhai sydd â diddordeb yn y cyfansoddiad, ar y system gyfiawnder. 

en-gb	Its meaning, importance and relevance may not be readily apparent to the overwhelming majority of citizens , who may see the Rule of Law as something remote from their day to day lives. 
cy-gb	Efallai na fydd ei hystyr, ei phwysigrwydd na'i pherthnasedd yn amlwg iawn i'r mwyafrif llethol o ddinasyddion , a all ystyried bod Rheolaeth y Gyfraith yn rhywbeth amherthnasol i'w bywydau beunyddiol. 

en-gb	Our aim underlying the entire report is to make the Rule of Law through access to justice relevant to everyone as the means by which the right to just, equal and fair treatment in all aspects of life is realised and Wales as a nation is just, fair and prosperous. 
cy-gb	Ein nod, sy'n sail i'r adroddiad cyfan, yw sicrhau bod Rheolaeth y Gyfraith drwy fynediad at gyfiawnder yn berthnasol i bawb fel y modd i wireddu'r hawl i gael triniaeth gyfiawn, gyfartal a theg ym mhob agwedd ar fywyd ac fel bod Cymru fel gwlad yn gyfiawn, yn deg ac yn ffyniannus. 

en-gb	 R (on the application of Unison) v Lord Chancellor [2017] UKSC 51, para 66, Lord Reed. 
cy-gb	 R (ar gais Unsain) v yr Arglwydd Ganghellor [2017] UKSC 51, para 66, yr Arglwydd Reed.

en-gb	84  Cornhill in the Welsh county of Radnor 85  Bingham, T. 
cy-gb	 Cornhill yn sir Faesyfed. Bingham, T. 

en-gb	(2011) The Rule of Law.
cy-gb	(2011) The Rule of Law.

en-gb	1.10  The Rule of Law has never been better explained than by Lord Bingham of Cornhill 84 , the former Lord Chief Justice and Senior Law Lord, in his last book. 
cy-gb	1.10  Nid oes neb erioed wedi esbonio Rheolaeth y Gyfraith yn well na'r Arglwydd Bingham o Cornhill , y cyn-Arglwydd Brif Ustus ac un o  Uwch-Arglwyddi'r Gyfraith, yn ei lyfr olaf. 

en-gb	He analysed its key principles 85 : 
cy-gb	Dadansoddodd ei  phrif egwyddorion : 

en-gb	1.10.1 
cy-gb	1.10.1 

en-gb	The law must be accessible and so far as possible intelligible, clear and predictable. 
cy-gb	Mae'n rhaid i'r gyfraith fod yn hygyrch a, hyd y gellir, yn ddealladwy, yn glir ac yn rhagweladwy. 

en-gb	1.10.2 
cy-gb	1.10.2 

en-gb	Questions of legal right and liability should be resolved by application of the law and not the exercise of discretion.
cy-gb	Dylai cwestiynau ynghylch hawl gyfreithiol ac atebolrwydd  gael eu datrys drwy gymhwyso'r gyfraith yn hytrach nag  arfer disgresiwn.

en-gb	1.10.3 
cy-gb	1.10.3 

en-gb	The laws of the land should apply equally to all, except  where objective differences justify differentiation.
cy-gb	Dylai cyfraith gwlad fod yn gymwys yn yr un modd i  bawb, oni fydd gwahaniaethau gwrthrychol sy'n  cyfiawnhau gwahaniaethu.

en-gb	1.10.4 
cy-gb	1.10.4 

en-gb	Ministers and public officers at all levels must exercise the powers conferred on them in good faith, fairly, for the  purpose for which the powers were conferred, without exceeding the limits of such powers and not acting unreasonably or arbitrarily.
cy-gb	Mae'n rhaid i weinidogion a swyddogion cyhoeddus ar bob lefel arfer y pwerau a roddwyd iddynt yn ddidwyll, yn deg, at y diben y rhoddwyd y pwerau, heb fynd y tu hwnt i derfynau pwerau o'r fath a heb weithredu'n afresymol nac yn fympwyol.

en-gb	1.10.5 
cy-gb	1.10.5 

en-gb	The law must afford adequate protection of fundamental human rights.
cy-gb	Mae'n rhaid i'r gyfraith ddiogelu hawliau dynol sylfaenol  yn ddigonol.

en-gb	1.10.6 
cy-gb	1.10.6 

en-gb	The law should provide access to justice, especially where people cannot resolve inter-personal disputes themselves.
cy-gb	Dylai'r gyfraith ddarparu mynediad at gyfiawnder, yn enwedig lle na all pobl ddatrys anghydfodau rhyngddynt hwy eu hunain.

en-gb	1.10.7 
cy-gb	1.10.7 

en-gb	Courts and tribunal processes should be fair.
cy-gb	Dylai prosesau'r llysoedd a'r tribiwnlysoedd fod yn deg.

en-gb	1.10.8 
cy-gb	1.10.8 

en-gb	The state should comply with international law.
cy-gb	Dylai'r wladwriaeth gydymffurfio â chyfraith ryngwladol. 

en-gb	1.11  These principles also underlie our approach and recommendations.
cy-gb	1.11  Mae'r egwyddorion hyn hefyd yn sail i'n dull gweithredu  a'n hargymhellion.

en-gb	4. the provisions of Welsh law relating    to sustainability, future generations   and international standards on    fundamental rights 
cy-gb	Darpariaethau cyfraith Cymru sy'n   ymwneud â chynaliadwyedd,   cenedlaethau'r dyfodol a safonau   rhyngwladol ar hawliau sylfaenol

en-gb	1.12  We have clearly had to take into account the divergence of some aspects of law between Wales and England in areas such as children. 
cy-gb	1.12  Yn amlwg, bu'n rhaid i ni ystyried gwahaniaethau mewn rhai agweddau ar y gyfraith rhwng Cymru a Lloegr mewn meysydd megis plant. 

en-gb	However, it had not been widely appreciated outside Wales until  2019  that there is a very different approach in Wales to embedding in the making of policy and its delivery and decisions on particular matters (a) principles relating to long-term considerations such as sustainability and the environment and (b) the adoption of rights based in international conventions.
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, ni fu'n hysbys iawn y tu allan i Gymru tan 2019  fod ffordd wahanol iawn yng Nghymru o ymgorffori (a) egwyddorion sy'n ymwneud ag ystyriaethau hirdymor megis cynaliadwyedd a'r amgylchedd a (b) mabwysiadu hawliau sy'n seiliedig ar gonfensiynau rhyngwladol, wrth lunio polisïau a'u cyflwyno ac mewn penderfyniadau ar  faterion penodol.

en-gb	 For exception, see Lord Young’s answers of 20  and 26 June in House of Lords which show acknowledgement of the divergent policy direction. 
cy-gb	 Fel eithriad, gweler atebion yr Arglwydd Young ar 20  a 26  Mehefin yn Nh ˆy'r Arglwyddi sy'n cydnabod y cyfeiriad polisi gwahanol.  

en-gb	87  Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015. Para 4.126, 6.8 et seq, 7.80, 10.50, 11.40, and 12.61 et seq. 
cy-gb	87  Deddf Llesiant Cenedlaethau'r Dyfodol (Cymru) 2015 Para 4.126, 6.8 et seq, 7.80, 10.50, 11.40, 12.61 et seq. 

en-gb	88  Rights of Children and Young Persons (Wales) Measure 2011 . 
cy-gb	88  Mesur Hawliau Plant a Phobl Ifanc (Cymru) 2011 . 

en-gb	1.13  The provisions of the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015 87  (the Future Generations Act) is the prime example of Wales setting its own course for the benefit of its people by establishing a long term vision and shared goals and ways of working for public bodies in Wales. 
cy-gb	1.13  Yn narpariaethau Deddf Llesiant Cenedlaethau'r Dyfodol (Cymru) 2015 87  (Deddf Cenedlaethau'r Dyfodol) y gwelir y brif enghraifft o Gymru yn pennu ei chyfeiriad ei hun er budd ei phobl drwy nodi gweledigaeth hirdymor a nodau a rennir a ffyrdd o weithio i gyrff cyhoeddus yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	We consider this in greater detail in our chapter on administrative justice at paragraphs 6.8  and following. 
cy-gb	Ystyriwn hyn yn fanylach yn ein pennod ar gyfiawnder Gweinyddol ym mharagraffau 6.8  ac wedi hynny. 

en-gb	1.14  The different approach adopted by Wales to standards in international conventions embodying basic rights is illustrated by the recognition of the rights of the child 88 . 
cy-gb	1.14  Dangosir ymagwedd wahanol Cymru tuag at safonau mewn confensiynau rhyngwladol sy'n ymgorffori hawliau sylfaenol gan ei phenderfyniad i gydnabod hawliau'r plentyn 88 . 

en-gb	This approach embodies one of the principles of the Rule of Law identified by Lord Bingham that the law should adequately protect fundamental human rights; it also aligns with our view that fundamental rights should be seen as putting justice at the heart of society and access to justice is essential to the safeguarding of those rights. 
cy-gb	Mae'r ymagwedd hon yn ymgorffori un o egwyddorion Rheolaeth y Gyfraith a nodwyd gan yr Arglwydd Bingham y dylai'r gyfraith ddiogelu hawliau dynol sylfaenol yn ddigonol; mae hefyd yn gyson â'n barn y dylid ystyried bod hawliau sylfaenol yn rhoi cyfiawnder wrth wraidd cymdeithas a bod mynediad at gyfiawnder yn hanfodol i ddiogelu'r hawliau hynny. 

en-gb	Welsh legislation creating Commissioners for children, older people and the Welsh language, as well as a Future  Generations Commissioner, further illustrates the distinct emphasis  in Wales on promoting rights as part of a fair and just system of  public administration.
cy-gb	Mae deddfwriaeth Gymreig sy'n creu Comisiynwyr i blant, pobl hŷn a'r Gymraeg, yn ogystal â Chomisiynydd Cenedlaethau'r Dyfodol, yn dangos ymhellach y pwyslais gwahanol yng Nghymru ar hyrwyddo hawliau fel rhan o system gweinyddu cyhoeddus deg a chyfiawn.

en-gb	5. the evidence we obtained
cy-gb	5. y dystiolaeth a gafwyd gennym

en-gb	1.15  We approached our work with a commitment to base our recommendations on the evidence. 
cy-gb	1.15  Aethom ati gan ymrwymo i seilio ein hargymhellion ar y dystiolaeth. 

en-gb	We began our work in December 2017. 
cy-gb	Dechreuwyd ar ein gwaith ym mis Rhagfyr 2017. 

en-gb	We were greatly assisted in formulating our approach by a round table of experts on 26 January 2018 at the Wales Centre for Public Policy, Cardiff .
cy-gb	Cawsom gryn gymorth i bennu ein dull gweithredu gan ford gron o arbenigwyr ar 26 Ionawr 2018 yng Nghanolfan Polisi Cyhoeddus Cymru, Caerdydd .

en-gb	Wales Centre for Public Policy .
cy-gb	Canolfan Polisi Cyhoeddus Cymru.

en-gb	1.16  In summary:
cy-gb	1.16  Yn gryno:

en-gb	1.16.1  We issued a call for evidence in February 2018 and received 205 written submissions from individuals, institutions and organisations . 
cy-gb	1.16.1  Gwnaethom gais am dystiolaeth ym mis Chwefror 2018 a daeth 205 o gyflwyniadau ysgrifenedig gan unigolion a sefydliadau  i law . 

en-gb	Appendix D.
cy-gb	Atodiad D

en-gb	1.16.2  We followed this with a series of oral evidence sessions from 
cy-gb	1.16.2  Wedyn, cynhaliwyd cyfres o sesiynau tystiolaeth lafar rhwng mis Tachwedd 2018 a mis Mehefin 2019. 

en-gb	November 2018 to June 2019, during which we heard from 150 people with experience and expertise from across the whole spectrum of the justice system and beyond – from those representing victims of crime to those making laws .
cy-gb	Yn ystod hyn, clywsom gan 150 o bobl a oedd yn meddu ar brofiad ac arbenigedd ym mhob rhan o'r system gyfiawnder a thu hwnt – o'r rhai sy'n cynrychioli dioddefwyr troseddau i'r rhai sy'n  llunio cyfreithiau .

en-gb	1.16.3  We had meetings with leaders and professionals in the justice and legal systems, in academia in each of the Welsh universities (including visits to Bangor, Wrexham Glyndŵr, Aberystwyth and the Treforest campus of the University of South Wales), in the third sector and in politics. 
cy-gb	1.16.3  Cawsom gyfarfodydd ag arweinwyr a gweithwyr proffesiynol yn y system gyfiawnder a'r system gyfreithiol, yn y byd academaidd ym mhob prifysgol yng Nghymru (gan gynnwys ymweliadau â Bangor, Glyndŵr Wrecsam, Aberystwyth a champws Trefforest Prifysgol De Cymru), yn y trydydd sector ac ym myd gwleidyddiaeth. 

en-gb	1.16.4  We received no evidence from UK Government Ministers, though we met informally with them. 
cy-gb	1.16.4  Ni chawsom unrhyw dystiolaeth gan Weinidogion Llywodraeth y DU, ond cyfarfuom â hwy yn anffurfiol. 

en-gb	The Secretary of State for Wales wrote to us in May 2019 to say that he “ did not think it would be appropriate for UK Government Ministers or officials to give evidence on reserved policy to a Commission established by a devolved administration. ” He explained that “ The Government of Wales Act 2017 provides a lasting devolution settlement and followed a cross-party process and political mandates under which justice remains a reserved matter. 
cy-gb	Ysgrifennodd Ysgrifennydd Gwladol Cymru atom ym mis Mai 2019 i ddweud nad oedd o'r farn “it would be appropriate for UK Government Ministers or officials to give evidence on reserved policy to a Commission established by a devolved administration.”  Esboniodd “ The Government of Wales Act 2017 provides a lasting devolution settlement and followed a cross-party process and political mandates under which justice remains a reserved matter. 

en-gb	The single legal jurisdiction between England and Wales has been a key part of our constitution and the shared history of our nations for centuries. 
cy-gb	The single legal jurisdiction between England and Wales has been a key part of our constitution and the shared history of our nations for centuries. 

en-gb	Sharing a jurisdiction has allowed both nations to enjoy a flourishing, dynamic, and internationally renowned legal system. 
cy-gb	Sharing a jurisdiction has allowed both nations to enjoy a flourishing, dynamic, and internationally renowned legal system. 

en-gb	It is also a key part of the local economy where legal firms based in Wales attract a significant portion of work from the City and elsewhere. ”
cy-gb	It is also a key part of the local economy where legal firms based in Wales attract a significant portion of work from the City  and elsewhere.”

en-gb	1.16.5  We engaged with members of the public to hear their experiences of the justice system in Wales and what they think a better system would look like. 
cy-gb	1.16.5  Ymgysylltwyd ag aelodau o'r cyhoedd er mwyn clywed eu profiadau o'r system gyfiawnder yng Nghymru a sut beth fyddai system well yn eu barn hwy. 

en-gb	By holding events in Butetown, Pontypridd and Rhyl and attending others, such as Cymorth Cymru’s May 2019 conference in Cardiff, we met people who represent the diverse range of voices and experiences in Wales. 
cy-gb	Drwy gynnal digwyddiadau yn Butetown, Pontypridd a'r Rhyl a mynd i eraill, megis cynhadledd Cymorth Cymru yng Nghaerdydd ym mis Mai 2019, cyfarfuom â phobl sy'n cynrychioli'r amrywiaeth o leisiau a phrofiadau yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	We listened to prisoners at Berwyn and Cardiff prisons. 
cy-gb	Gwnaethom wrando ar garcharorion yng ngharchar Berwyn a charchar Caerdydd. 

en-gb	We met students at Bangor University, Wrexham Glyndŵr and the University of South Wales at Treforest. 
cy-gb	Cyfarfuom â myfyrwyr ym Mhrifysgol Bangor, Glyndŵr Wrecsam a Phrifysgol De Cymru yn Nhrefforest. 

en-gb	We met also a group of people with disabilities convened by Disability Wales, representatives of women’s groups and a group of young people who had been in care convened by Voices from Care.
cy-gb	Cyfarfuom hefyd â grŵp o bobl ag anableddau a drefnwyd gan Anabledd Cymru, cynrychiolwyr grwpiau merched a grŵp o bobl ifanc a oedd wedi derbyn gofal a drefnwyd gan Voices from Care Cymru.

en-gb	1.16.6  The evidence we received at these sessions was vital as it informed us of the experience of diverse people ‘at the sharp end’ of the justice system. 
cy-gb	1.16.6  Roedd y dystiolaeth a gafwyd yn y sesiynau hyn yn hollbwysig am i ni gael clywed am brofiad pobl amrywiol ʻsydd wedi gorfod ymgiprysʼ â'r system gyfiawnder. 

en-gb	1.16.7  We met David Lammy MP to discuss his review 92  of the treatment of and outcomes for Black, Asian and Minority  Ethnic (BAME) individuals in the criminal justice system. 
cy-gb	1.16.7  Cyfarfuom â David Lammy AS i drafod ei adolygiad  o'r ffordd y mae unigolion o gefndiroedd Pobl Dduon ac Asiaidd a Lleiafrifoedd Ethnig (BAME) yn cael eu trin yn y system cyfiawnder troseddol, a'u canlyniadau. 

en-gb	1.16.8  Alongside this engagement, we ran an online survey from  20 August 2018 to 12 April 2019, asking for people’s views.  
cy-gb	1.16.8  Ochr yn ochr ag ymgysylltu o'r fath, cynhaliwyd arolwg ar-lein rhwng 20 Awst 2018 a 12 Ebrill 2019, er mwyn ceisio barn pobl. 

en-gb	We received responses from a wide range of locations  and backgrounds 93 . 
cy-gb	Cawsom ymatebion gan amrywiaeth eang o leoliadau  a chefndiroedd . 

en-gb	1.16.9  We have also used social media channels; Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn, in particular to engage with people not directly involved in the justice system. 
cy-gb	1.16.9  Rydym hefyd wedi defnyddio'r cyfryngau cymdeithasol; Twitter, Facebook a LinkedIn, yn benodol er mwyn ymgysylltu â phobl nad ydynt yn ymwneud yn uniongyrchol â'r system gyfiawnder. 

en-gb	1.17  We wish to acknowledge the contribution of independent research programmes which have coincided with our work.
cy-gb	1.17  Hoffem gydnabod cyfraniad rhaglenni ymchwil annibynnol sydd wedi cyd-daro â'n gwaith.

en-gb	1.17.1  Research by the Wales Governance Centre at Cardiff University into Justice and Jurisdiction, which was jointly funded by the Economic and Social Research Council, the Welsh Government and Cardiff University. 
cy-gb	1.17.1  Ymchwil gan Ganolfan Llywodraethiant Cymru ym Mhrifysgol Caerdydd i Gyfiawnder ac Awdurdodaeth, a ariannwyd ar y cyd gan y Cyngor Ymchwil Economaidd a Chymdeithasol, Llywodraeth Cymru a Phrifysgol Caerdydd. 

en-gb	We have benefitted from reports on (1) Justice at the jagged edge in Wales , (2) International evidence on driving down imprisonment rates: 
cy-gb	Rydym wedi cael budd o adroddiadau ar (1) Justice at the jagged edge in Wales , (2) International evidence on driving down imprisonment rates:  

en-gb	What Wales could be? 
cy-gb	What Wales could be? 

en-gb	 (3) Public spending on the justice system in Wales  (4) The legal economy in Wales  and (5) Fiscal implications of devolving justice .
cy-gb	 (3) Gwariant Cyhoeddus ar y System Gyfiawnder i Gymru  (4) The  legal economy in Wales  a (5) Fiscal implications of  devolving justice .

en-gb	 The jagged edge is the complex and sometimes interwoven issues at the interface between devolved and non devolved matters. 
cy-gb	 Y ffin amrwd yw'r materion cymhleth sydd weithiau wedi'u cyd-blethu â'i gilydd ar y rhyngwyneb rhwng materion datganoledig a materion nad ydynt wedi'u datganoli. 

en-gb	See Jones, R and Jones R W (2019) Justice at the Jagged Edge in Wales: 11. 
cy-gb	Gweler Jones, R a Jones R W (2019) Justice at the Jagged Edge in Wales: 

en-gb	 Wales Governance Centre (2019) International evidence on driving down imprisonment rates:What wales could be? 
cy-gb	 Canolfan Llywodraethiant Cymru (2019) International evidence on driving down imprisonment rates:What Wales could be? 

en-gb	 Wales Governance Centre (2019) (2019) Public spending on the justice system in Wales. 
cy-gb	 Canolfan Llywodraethiant Cymru (2019) (2019) Gwariant cyhoeddus ar y system gyfiawnder i Gymru. 

en-gb	 Wales Governance Centre (2019) The legal economy in Wales. 
cy-gb	 Canolfan Llywodraethiant Cymru (2019) The legal economy in Wales. 

en-gb	 Wales Governance Centre (2019) Fiscal implications of devolving justice. 
cy-gb	 Canolfan Llywodraethiant Cymru (2019) Fiscal implications of devolving justice. 

en-gb	1.17.2  The Institute for Criminal Policy Research at Birkbeck, University of London, conducted research funded by the Nuffield Foundation entitled ‘Achieving Accessible Justice: 
cy-gb	1.17.2  Cynhaliodd y Sefydliad Ymchwil Polisi Troseddol yn Birkbeck, Prifysgol Llundain, ymchwil a ariannwyd gan Sefydliad Nuffield yn dwyn y teitl ‘Achieving Accessible Justice: 

en-gb	A study of the implications of vulnerability and the meaning of participation in courts and tribunals’. 
cy-gb	A study of the implications of vulnerability and the meaning of participation in courts and tribunals’. 

en-gb	As part of its research over 60 observations of various court and tribunal hearings in Cardiff and Newport were taken . 
cy-gb	Fel rhan o'i ymchwil cynhaliwyd dros 60 o ymarferion arsylwi mewn gwrandawiadau gwahanol mewn llysoedd a thribiwnlysoedd yng Nghaerdydd a Chasnewydd . 

en-gb	Para 3.48.
cy-gb	Para 3.48.

en-gb	1.17.3  Ongoing collaborative research at Aberystwyth, Bangor Cardiff and Cardiff Metropolitan Universities funded by the Nuffield Foundation into the accessibility of administrative justice in Wales, which is scheduled to run until February 2020. 
cy-gb	1.17.3  Ymchwil gydweithredol sy'n mynd yn ei blaen ym Mhrifysgol Aberystwyth, Prifysgol Bangor, Prifysgol Caerdydd a Phrifysgol Metropolitan Caerdydd a ariennir gan Sefydliad Nuffield i hygyrchedd cyfiawnder gweinyddol yng Nghymru, y bwriedir iddi barhau tan fis Chwefror 2020. 

en-gb	We refer to this work at paragraph 10.45.
cy-gb	Cyfeiriwn at y gwaith hwn ym mharagraff 10.45 .

en-gb	1.18  We visited Scotland in May 2018 and Belfast in September 2018 and April 2019 to examine the ways in which justice policy is made and justice is delivered. 
cy-gb	1.18  Ymwelwyd â'r Alban ym mis Mai 2018 a Belfast ym mis Medi 2018 ac ym mis Ebrill 2019 er mwyn ystyried sut y caiff eu polisi cyfiawnder ei lunio a sut y caiff cyfiawnder ei sicrhau. 

en-gb	We heard from the most senior judiciary in both countries, the Cabinet Secretary for Justice in Scotland and representatives from the Justice Committees of the Scottish Parliament and Northern Ireland Assembly, Scottish Ministers, senior government officials in both administrations and those heading police, probation, courts and prison services, as well as academics, third sector organisations, barristers and law firms.
cy-gb	Clywsom gan yr aelodau uchaf o'r farnwriaeth yn y naill wlad a'r llall, Ysgrifennydd y Cabinet dros Gyfiawnder yn yr Alban a chynrychiolwyr o Bwyllgorau Cyfiawnder Senedd yr Alban a Chynulliad Gogledd Iwerddon, Gweinidogion yr Alban, uwch-swyddogion y llywodraeth yn y ddwy weinyddiaeth a'r rhai sy'n arwain yr heddlu, y gwasanaeth prawf, y llysoedd a'r gwasanaeth carchardai, yn ogystal ag academyddion, sefydliadau o'r trydydd sector, bargyfreithwyr a chwmnïau cyfreithwyr.

en-gb	1.19  We visited London and Manchester to examine executive devolution of policing, and Leeds, Manchester and Bristol to understand the approach to legal services in those cities.
cy-gb	1.19  Ymwelwyd â Llundain a Manceinion i ystyried trefniadau datganoli plismona yn weithredol a Leeds, Manceinion a Bryste i ddeall sut mae gwasanaethau cyfreithiol yn gweithredu yn y dinasoedd hynny.

en-gb	1.20  We had the benefit of an international seminar arranged by the Institute for Criminal Policy Research . 
cy-gb	1.20  Cawsom fudd o seminar ryngwladol a drefnwyd gan y Sefydliad Ymchwil Polisi Troseddol . 

en-gb	We were told of the changes made to penal policy in Catalonia, Finland, Ireland, Latvia, the Netherlands, Norway and Portugal with the benefit of evidence from experts from those nations.
cy-gb	Dywedwyd wrthym am y newidiadau a wnaed i bolisi cosbi yng Nghatalonia, y Ffindir, Iwerddon, Latfia, yr Iseldiroedd, Norwy a Phortiwgal gyda thystiolaeth gan arbenigwyr yn y gwledydd hynny.

en-gb	Institute for Criminal Policy Research.
cy-gb	Sefydliad Ymchwil Polisi Troseddol.

en-gb	Birkbeck, University of London.
cy-gb	Birkbeck, Prifysgol Llundain.

en-gb	1.21  We have found it difficult to obtain disaggregated data for Wales. 
cy-gb	1.21  Rydym wedi ei chael hi'n anodd cael data sydd wedi'u datgrynhoi i Gymru. 

en-gb	Information is usually provided on an England and Wales basis. 
cy-gb	Darperir gwybodaeth ar sail Cymru a Lloegr fel arfer. 

en-gb	We are grateful to the Home Office and the Ministry of Justice for all they have done to disaggregate data (one example is Figure 4  at paragraph 3.11 ). 
cy-gb	Rydym yn ddiolchgar i'r Swyddfa Gartref a'r Weinyddiaeth Gyfiawnder am bopeth a wnaed ganddynt i ddatgrynhoi data (mae Ffigur 4 ym mharagraff 3.11 yn un enghraifft o hynny). 

en-gb	As we explain at paragraph 10.45  and following much more is required by way of study and also as we say at paragraph 12.44  by way of disaggregated data. 
cy-gb	Fel yr esboniwn ym mharagraff  10.45  ac wedi hynny bydd angen llawer mwy o astudio a hefyd, fel y dywedwn ym mharagraff 12.44 , lawer mwy o ddata wedi'u datgrynhoi. 

en-gb	The Welsh Government and the Ministry of Justice have agreed to establish a small working group to consider the user needs for Welsh justice data and how they could be met. 
cy-gb	Mae Llywodraeth Cymru a'r Weinyddiaeth Gyfiawnder wedi cytuno i sefydlu gweithgor bach i ystyried anghenion defnyddwyr data cyfiawnder i Gymru a sut y gellid eu diwallu. 

en-gb	No timescale has been provided.
cy-gb	Ni chynigiwyd amserlen.

en-gb	1.22  We are also grateful to the Home Office for the very considerable amount of evidence they provided to us. 
cy-gb	1.22  Rydym hefyd yn ddiolchgar i'r Swyddfa Gartref am y swm helaeth iawn o dystiolaeth a roddwyd i ni. 

en-gb	We were told in April 2019 that all requests to UK Government Ministries and entities needed to go through the Secretary of State for Wales. 
cy-gb	Dywedwyd wrthym ym mis Ebrill 2019 fod angen i bob cais i Weinyddiaethau ac endidau Llywodraeth y DU fynd drwy Ysgrifennydd Gwladol Cymru. 

en-gb	This caused significant delay in our receiving the further evidence we sought. 
cy-gb	Achosodd hyn gryn oedi i ni o ran cael y dystiolaeth ychwanegol y gofynnwyd amdani. 

en-gb	1.23  We used video links, including Skype and Telepresence, to conduct many of the oral evidence sessions and engagement events. 
cy-gb	1.23  Defnyddiwyd cysylltiadau fideo, gan gynnwys Skype a Telepresence, i gynnal llawer o'r sesiynau tystiolaeth lafar a'r digwyddiadau ymgysylltu. 

en-gb	We have no doubt from our extensive experience that this is an effective method of taking evidence and engaging with people, providing it is properly supported and the equipment, bandwidth and connections are robust.
cy-gb	Nid oes gennym unrhyw amheuaeth o'n profiad helaeth fod hon yn ffordd effeithiol o gymryd tystiolaeth ac ymgysylltu â phobl, ar yr amod y caiff ei chefnogi'n briodol a bod y cyfarpar, y lled band a'r cysylltiadau yn gadarn.

en-gb	1.24  We are immensely grateful to all those who contributed their knowledge, insights and evidence.
cy-gb	1.24  Rydym yn hynod ddiolchgar i bawb a rannodd eu gwybodaeth, eu dirnadaeth a'u tystiolaeth.

en-gb	6. other reports
cy-gb	6. Adroddiadau eraill

en-gb	1.25  As we mentioned at paragraph 1.2 , issues relating to justice and devolution were considered briefly by the Richard Commission and in somewhat greater depth by the Silk Commission. 
cy-gb	1.25  Fel y soniwn ym mharagraff 1.2 , cafodd materion a oedd yn ymwneud â chyfiawnder a datganoli eu hystyried yn gryno gan Gomisiwn Richard ac ychydig yn ddyfnach gan Gomisiwn Silk. 

en-gb	There have been other reports pertinent to our work which we have considered.
cy-gb	Cyhoeddwyd adroddiadau eraill sy'n berthnasol i'n gwaith, a ystyriwyd gennym.

en-gb	  other reports relating to the justice system in Wales
cy-gb	  Adroddiadau eraill ar y system gyfiawnder yng nghymru

en-gb	The Advice Services Review March 2013, commissioned by the Welsh Government .
cy-gb	Yr Adolygiad o Wasanaethau Cynghori Mawrth 2013, a gomisiynwyd gan Lywodraeth Cymru .

en-gb	 Welsh Government (2013) Advice Services Review. 
cy-gb	 Llywodraeth Cymru (2013) Adolygiad o Wasanaethau Cynghori. Para 3.40.

en-gb	Commission on Public Service Governance and Delivery (Williams Commission), January 2014 .
cy-gb	Y Comisiwn ar Lywodraethu a Darparu Gwasanaethau Cyhoeddus (Comisiwn Williams), Ionawr 2014 .

en-gb	 Williams Commission (2014) Public Service Governance and Delivery. 
cy-gb	 Comisiwn Williams (2014) Llywodraethu a Darparu Gwasanaethau Cyhoeddus .  

en-gb	Para 4.135. 
cy-gb	Para 4.135. 

en-gb	David Hanson MP’s review of offender education in Wales  published in March 2019.
cy-gb	Adolygiad David Hanson AS o addysg troseddwyr yng Nghymru  a gyhoeddwyd ym mis Mawrth 2019.

en-gb	 Hanson, D (2019) Reforming Outcomes: 
cy-gb	 Hanson, D (2019) Diwygio Canlyniadau: 

en-gb	Prisoner Education in Wales.
cy-gb	Adolygiad o Addysg Troseddwyr yng Nghymru. Para 2.31.3 ac 11.21.

en-gb	Wales Centre for Public Policy report on family justice in Wales dated March 2019 and published in May 2019 .
cy-gb	Adroddiad Canolfan Polisi Cyhoeddus Cymru ar gyfiawnder i deuluoedd yng Nghymru Mawrth 2019 a gyhoeddwyd ym mis  Mai 2019 .

en-gb	 Wales Centre for Public Policy (2019) Analysis of Factors Contributing to High Rates of Care Para 7.26. 
cy-gb	 Canolfan Polisi Cyhoeddus Cymru (2019) Dadansoddiad o’r Ffactorau sy’n Cyfrannu at y Cyfraddau Uchel o Ofal yng Nghymru. Para 7.26. 

en-gb	The legal sector in Wales – a rapid review by Jomati Consultants LLP, July 2019.
cy-gb	Y sector cyfreithiol yng Nghymru – adolygiad cyflym gan Jomati Consultants LLP, Gorffennaf 2019.

en-gb	The Independent Expert Advisory Group on Justice in Wales first reported in July 2019.
cy-gb	Adroddiad cyntaf y Grŵp Cynghori Arbenigol Annibynnol ar Gyfiawnder yng Nghymru ym mis Gorffennaf 2019

en-gb	1.26  There are independent reports relating to the justice system in England and Wales as a whole which have informed our work, including in particular those set out below.
cy-gb	1.26  Mae adroddiadau annibynnol ar y system gyfiawnder yng Nghymru a Lloegr yn ei chyfanrwydd sydd wedi llywio ein gwaith, gan gynnwys yn benodol y rhai a nodir isod.

en-gb	  Independent reports relating to the justice system in    england and Wales
cy-gb	  Adroddiadau annibynnol ar y system gyfiawnder yng    nghymru a Lloegr

en-gb	The Corston Report on vulnerable women in the criminal justice system, published in March 2007 .
cy-gb	Adroddiad Corston ar fenywod sy'n agored i niwed yn y system cyfiawnder troseddol, a gyhoeddwyd ym mis Mawrth 2007 . 

en-gb	 Corston, J (2007) A review of women with particular vulnerabilities in the Criminal Justice system. Para 4.260.
cy-gb	•  Adolygiad Lammy ar y ffordd y mae unigolion o gefndiroedd Pobl Dduon ac Asiaidd a Lleiafrifoedd Ethnig (BAME) yn cael eu trin yn y system cyfiawnder troseddol, a'u canlyniadau, a gyhoeddwyd ym mis Medi 2017 .

en-gb	The Lammy Review into the treatment of, and outcomes for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic individuals in the criminal justice system, published in September 2017 .
cy-gb	 Corston, J (2007) A review of women with particular vulnerabilities in the Criminal Justice system. Para 4.260.

en-gb	 op cit n. 
cy-gb	 op cit n. 

en-gb	92. 
cy-gb	92. 

en-gb	Para 4.57.
cy-gb	Para 4.57.

en-gb	The Care Crisis Review, led by the Family Rights Group,  June 2018 .
cy-gb	Yr Adolygiad o'r Argyfwng mewn Gofal, a arweiniwyd gan Grŵp Hawliau'r Teulu, Mehefin 2018 .

en-gb	Family Rights Group (2018) Care Crisis Review.
cy-gb	Grw p Hawliau'r Teulu (2018) Care Crisis Review ˆ .

en-gb	Para 7.62.
cy-gb	Para 7.62.

en-gb	The Report by the Prison Reform Trust on domestic abuse  as a driver to women’s offending, There’s a reason we’re in trouble , 2017” .
cy-gb	Adroddiad gan yr Ymddiriedolaeth Diwygio Carchardai “There’s a reason we’re in trouble” Domestic abuse as a driver to women's offending, 2017 .

en-gb	http://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/Portals/0/Documents/Domestic_abuse_report_final_lo.pdf .
cy-gb	http://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/Portals/0/Documents/Domestic_abuse_report_final_lo.pdf .

en-gb	Para 4.262.
cy-gb	Para 4.262.

en-gb	The Taylor review of the Youth Justice system, December 2018 .
cy-gb	Adolygiad Taylor o'r system Cyfiawnder Ieuenctid, Rhagfyr 2018 .

en-gb	 Taylor, C (2016) Review of the Youth Justice System in England and Wales. 
cy-gb	 Taylor, C (2016) Adolygiad o'r System Cyfiawnder Ieuenctid yng Nghymru a Lloegr . 

en-gb	The Leveson Review of efficiency in criminal proceedings, January 2015 .
cy-gb	Adolygiad Leveson o effeithlonrwydd mewn achosion troseddol, Ionawr 2015 .

en-gb	 Leveson Review (2015) Review of Efficiency in Criminal Proceedings. 
cy-gb	 Adolygiad Leveson (2015) Review of Efficiency in Criminal Proceedings. 

en-gb	Para 4.83 et seq.
cy-gb	Para 4.83 et seq.

en-gb	The Report of the Commission on Access to Justice chaired  by Lord Bach, September 2017 (established by the  Fabian Society) .
cy-gb	Adroddiad y Comisiwn ar Fynediad at Gyfiawnder a gadeiriwyd gan yr Arglwydd Bach, Medi 2017 (a sefydlwyd gan Gymdeithas y Ffabiaid) .

en-gb	 Bach Commission (2017) The Right to Justice : 
cy-gb	 Comisiwn Bach (2017) The Right to Justic e : 

en-gb	Para 3.54.
cy-gb	Para 3.54.

en-gb	The Report of the Commission chaired by Lord Low CBE on the Future of Advice and Legal Support, December 2012 (established by the Legal Action Group) .
cy-gb	Adroddiad y Comisiwn a gadeiriwyd gan yr Arglwydd Low CBE ar Ddyfodol Cyngor a Chymorth Cyfreithiol, Rhagfyr 2012 (a sefydlwyd gan y Grŵp Gweithredu Cyfreithiol) .

en-gb	 Low Commission (2012) Future of Advice and Legal Support. 
cy-gb	 Comisiwn Low (2012) Future of Advice and Legal Support. Para 5.50.

en-gb	The report of the Farmer Review, Importance of strengthening prisoners’ family ties to prevent reoffending and reduce intergenerational crime , August 2017 .
cy-gb	Adroddiad Adolygiad Farmer  Importance of strengthening prisoners’ family ties to prevent reoffending and reduce intergenerational crime,  Awst 2017 .

en-gb	 Farmer Review (2017) Importance of strengthening prisoners’ family ties to prevent reoffending and reduce intergenerational crime. 
cy-gb	 Adolygiad Farmer (2017) Importance of strengthening prisoners’ family ties to prevent reoffending and reduce intergenerational crime. 

en-gb	Report by Lord Laming for the Prison Reform Trust, 2016. 
cy-gb	Adroddiad gan yr Arglwydd Laming ar ran yr Ymddiriedolaeth Diwygio Carchardai, 2016. 

en-gb	In Care, Out of Trouble .
cy-gb	In Care, Out of Trouble

en-gb	 Lord Laming (2016) In Care, Out of Trouble. 
cy-gb	 Yr Arglwydd Laming (2016) Mewn Gofal, Allan o Drwbwl. 

en-gb	National Audit Office Report, 2018, Early progress in transforming courts and tribunals .
cy-gb	Adroddiad y Swyddfa Archwilio Genedlaethol, 2018, Early progress in transforming courts and tribunals 

en-gb	 National Audit Office (2018) Early progress in transforming courts and tribunals. 
cy-gb	 Y Swyddfa Archwilio Genedlaethol (2018) Early progress in transforming courts and tribunals. 

en-gb	1.27  Parliamentary Select Committees and Assembly Committees have made important contributions which we also considered. 
cy-gb	1.27  Mae Pwyllgorau Dethol Seneddol a Phwyllgorau'r Cynulliad wedi gwneud cyfraniadau pwysig a ystyriwyd gennym hefyd. 

en-gb	Some are set out below. 
cy-gb	Nodir rhai ohonynt isod. 

en-gb	  Parliamentary and Assembly Committees
cy-gb	  Pwyllgorau seneddol a Phwyllgorau'r Cynulliad

en-gb	The Welsh Affairs Committee reported on prison provision in Wales, in May 2019 .
cy-gb	1Cyhoeddodd y Pwyllgor Materion Cymreig adroddiad ar ddarpariaeth carchardai yng Nghymru, ym mis Mai 2019 .

en-gb	 Welsh Affairs Committee (2019) Prison provision in Wales. 
cy-gb	 Y Pwyllgor Materion Cymreig (2019) Darpariaeth carchardai yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	The Justice Committee has conducted a number of inquiries relevant to our work, including reports on access to justice issues following courts and tribunals reforms; 
cy-gb	Mae'r Pwyllgor Cyfiawnder wedi cynnal nifer o ymchwiliadau sy'n berthnasol i'n gwaith, gan gynnwys adroddiadau ar faterion sy'n ymwneud â mynediad at gyfiawnder yn sgil diwygio llysoedd a thribiwnlysoedd; 

en-gb	Prison Population 2022: 
cy-gb	Prison Population 2022: 

en-gb	Planning for the Future; Transforming Rehabilitation; Criminal Legal Aid; and Young Adults in the Criminal  Justice system .
cy-gb	Planning for the Future; Transforming Rehabilitation; Criminal Legal Aid; a Young Adults in the Criminal Justice system .

en-gb	Justice Committee inquiries. Para 4.194, 4.253, 4.195, and 4.228 et seq. 
cy-gb	Ymchwiliadau'r Pwyllgor Cyfiawnder. Para 4.194, 4.253, 4.195, a 4.228 et seq. 

en-gb	Ministry of Justice (2013) Transforming Rehabilitation: 
cy-gb	Y Weinyddiaeth Gyfiawnder (2013)  Transforming Rehabilitation: 

en-gb	A Strategy for Reform. Young adults in the criminal justice system; and youth custodial estate inquiry .
cy-gb	A Strategy for Reform. Young adults in the criminal justice system; and youth custodial estate inquiry .

en-gb	Justice Committee, 2009. 
cy-gb	Y Pwyllgor Cyfiawnder, 2009. 

en-gb	Cutting crime: 
cy-gb	Cutting crime: 

en-gb	the case for justice reinvestment report .
cy-gb	the case for justice reinvestment .

en-gb	 Justice Committee (2009) Cutting crime: 
cy-gb	 Y Pwyllgor Cyfiawnder (2009) Cutting crime: 

en-gb	the case for justice reinvestment.
cy-gb	the case for justice reinvestment.

en-gb	The Home Affairs Committee reported on Policing for the Future (10th report, October 2018) .
cy-gb	Adroddiad y Pwyllgor Materion Cartref ar Blismona ar gyfer y Dyfodol (10fed adroddiad, Hydref 2018) .

en-gb	 Home Affairs Committee (2018) Policing for the future. 
cy-gb	 Y Pwyllgor Materion Cartref (2018) Policing for the future. 

en-gb	Para 4.82. 
cy-gb	Para 4.82. 

en-gb	The Public Accounts Committee has reported in the last two years on mental health in prisons; on offender monitoring tags; contracts for Community Rehabilitation Companies ; reducing modern slavery; transforming courts and tribunals; the financial sustainability of police forces; transforming children’s services; and Transforming Rehabilitation . 
cy-gb	Mae'r Pwyllgor Cyfrifon Cyhoeddus wedi adrodd yn ystod y ddwy flynedd diwethaf ar iechyd meddwl mewn carchardai, tagiau monitro troseddwyr, contractau ar gyfer Cwmnïau Adsefydlu Cymunedol , lleihau caethwasiaeth fodern, trawsnewid llysoedd a thribiwnlysoedd, sefydlogrwydd ariannol heddluoedd, trawsnewid gwasanaethau plant a Thrawsnewid Adsefydlu . 

en-gb	It reported on implementing reforms to civil legal aid in 2015 .
cy-gb	Cyhoeddodd adroddiad ar roi diwygiadau i gymorth cyfreithiol sifil ar waith yn 2015 .

en-gb	Para 4.228  et seq.
cy-gb	Para 4.228  et seq.

en-gb	Para 4.228.
cy-gb	Para 4.228.

en-gb	Implementing reforms to civil legal aid P ara 4.228.
cy-gb	Implementing reforms to civil legal aid. P ara 4.228.

en-gb	The Health, Social Care and Sport Committee of the current Assembly has undertaken inquiries into mental health in policing and police custody; and the provision of health and social care in the adult prison system . 
cy-gb	Mae Pwyllgor Iechyd, Gofal Cymdeithasol a Chwaraeon y Cynulliad presennol wedi cynnal ymchwiliadau i iechyd meddwl ym maes plismona a dalfeydd yr heddlu, a darpariaeth iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol yn y system carchardai i oedolion . 

en-gb	Inquiries in the previous Assembly included the powers of the Public Services Ombudsman for Wales (prior to the Public Services Ombudsman Wales Act 2019); and the establishment of a separate Welsh jurisdiction .
cy-gb	Roedd ymchwiliadau yn y Cynulliad blaenorol yn cynnwys pwerau Ombwdsmon Gwasanaethau Cyhoeddus Cymru (cyn Deddf Ombwdsmon Gwasanaethau Cyhoeddus Cymru 2019), a sefydlu awdurdodaeth ar wahân i Gymru .

en-gb	 OE034 Elin Jones: 
cy-gb	 OE034 Elin Jones: 

en-gb	 National Assembly for Wales (2012) Inquiry into the establishment of a separate Welsh jurisdiction. 
cy-gb	 Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru (2012) Ymchwiliad i Awdurdodaeth ar wahân i Gymru. Para 6.52.

en-gb	We have sought to build on and take forward these reports, setting them for the first time in the context of an overview of the justice  system in Wales as a whole and its role in creating a just, fair and  prosperous Wales.
cy-gb	Rydym wedi ceisio adeiladu ar yr adroddiadau hyn a'u datblygu, gan eu gosod am y tro cyntaf yng nghyd-destun trosolwg o'r system gyfiawnder yng Nghymru yn ei chyfanrwydd a'i rôl i greu Cymru gyfiawn, deg  a ffyniannus.

en-gb	We also refer to the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2015 as the Social Services Act and the Wellbeing of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015 as the Future Generations Act. 
cy-gb	Cyfeiriwn hefyd at Ddeddf Gwasanaethau Cymdeithasol a Llesiant (Cymru) 2015 fel y Ddeddf Gwasanaethau Cymdeithasol a Deddf Llesiant Cenedlaethau'r Dyfodol (Cymru) 2015 fel Deddf Cenedlaethau'r Dyfodol. 

en-gb	Past and present
cy-gb	Y Gorffennol a’r Presennol

en-gb	2.  Introduction 
cy-gb	2.  y gorffennol a’r presennol 

en-gb	2.1  Our focus on justice in Wales and its contribution to developing a just, fair and prosperous society must be seen in the context of Wales’ longestablished cultural, social and political history. 
cy-gb	2.1  Mae’n rhaid i’n ffocws ar gyfiawnder yng Nghymru a’i gyfraniad at ddatblygu cymdeithas gyfiawn, deg a ffyniannus gael ei ystyried yng nghyd-destun hanes diwylliannol, cymdeithasol a gwleidyddol hirsefydledig Cymru. 

en-gb	Wales has its own long history of law, but, in contrast to the position in Scotland, this is not well known. 
cy-gb	Mae gan Gymru hanes hir o’i chyfraith ei hun, ond, yn wahanol i’r sefyllfa yn yr Alban, nid yw hyn yn hysbys iawn. 

en-gb	In Part 1 of this Chapter, we consider the historic legal identity of Wales and the development of the current scheme of devolution. 
cy-gb	Yn Rhan 1 o’r Bennod hon, ystyriwn hunaniaeth gyfreithiol hanesyddol Cymru a datblygiad y drefn ddatganoli bresennol. 

en-gb	In Part 2, we explain the considerable overall complexity of the current scheme of devolution. 
cy-gb	Yn Rhan 2, esboniwn natur hynod gymhleth y drefn ddatganoli bresennol yn gyffredinol. 

en-gb	In Part 3, we explain the structure of the courts and tribunal system in Wales. 
cy-gb	Yn Rhan 3, esboniwn strwythur y llysoedd a’r system tribiwnlysoedd yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	In Part 4, we consider the current finance and resources for the justice system in Wales. 
cy-gb	Yn Rhan 4, ystyriwn gyllid ac adnoddau presennol y system gyfiawnder yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	Part 1: 
cy-gb	Rhan 1: 

en-gb	the historic legal identity of Wales
cy-gb	hunaniaeth gyfreithiol hanesyddol Cymru

en-gb	1. the Welsh legal tradition
cy-gb	1. traddodiad cyfreithiol Cymru

en-gb	2.2  At times during the history of Wales, the law was made in Wales and delivered by a Welsh court system; at times the law was partly English law and partly Welsh law but administered by an English court system; at times English law governed Wales but was administered by a Welsh court system; and subsequently, until devolution, both the law and the courts in Wales were English. 
cy-gb	2.2  Ar adegau yn ystod hanes Cymru, roedd y gyfraith yn cael ei gwneud yng Nghymru a’i gweinyddu drwy system lysoedd Cymru; ar adeg arall roedd y gyfraith yn rhannol yn gyfraith Lloegr ac yn rhannol yn gyfraith Cymru ond yn cael ei gweinyddu drwy system lysoedd Lloegr; yna roedd Cymru yn cael ei llywodraethu o dan gyfraith Lloegr ond roedd y gyfraith honno yn cael ei gweinyddu drwy system lysoedd Cymru; ac wedyn, nes i ddatganoli ddigwydd, roedd Cymru yn cael ei llywodraethu o dan gyfraith Lloegr a system lysoedd Lloegr. 

en-gb	Wales is once again developing its own identifiable Welsh legislation, though as part of the law of England and Wales; but the courts remain, as they have been for 190 years, conjoined with those of England.
cy-gb	Mae Cymru unwaith eto yn datblygu ei deddfwriaeth benodol ei hun, ond fel rhan o gyfraith Cymru a Lloegr; ond erys y llysoedd, fel y buont ers 190 mlynedd, yn unedig â llysoedd Lloegr.

en-gb	Welsh law and Welsh courts
cy-gb	Cyfraith Cymru a llysoedd Cymru

en-gb	2.3  It was during the reign of Hywel Dda, (d. c .950), that the native laws of Wales were codified. 
cy-gb	2.3  Yn ystod teyrnasiad Hywel Dda, (m. tua 950), y cafodd cyfreithiau brodorol Cymru eu codeiddio. 

en-gb	By the standard of the day his laws were considered just and good, with higher status enjoyed by women than in most contemporary legal systems. 
cy-gb	Yn ôl llinyn mesur yr oes honno roedd ei gyfreithiau yn cael eu hystyried yn gyfiawn ac yn dda, gyda statws uwch i ferched nag yn y rhan fwyaf o systemau cyfreithiol cyfoes. 

en-gb	These were Welsh laws, administered by a Welsh legal system which was well-developed and sophisticated 125 , covering the law, procedure, judges 126  and 
cy-gb	Cyfreithiau Cymru oedd y rhain, wedi’u gweinyddu gan system gyfreithiol Cymru a oedd yn ddatblygedig ac yn soffistigedig , gan gwmpasu’r gyfraith, 

en-gb	125126   Jenkins, J (1986) The law of Hywel Dda.The Laws set out very stringent requirements for judges; see The Justices’ Test Book. Book III.
cy-gb	 Jenkins, J (1986) The law of Hywel Ddagweithdrefn, barnwyr  a gweinyddu 127 . gweler The Justices’ Test Book. Llyfr III. 

en-gb	The system of law was significantly different from England at that time, but on a par with it and those of the other nations of Europe. 
cy-gb	Roedd y gyfundrefn gyfreithiol dipyn yn wahanol i gyfundrefn Lloegr ar y pryd, ond o’r un safon â hi a chyfundrefnau gwledydd eraill Ewrop. 

en-gb	Welsh was the language of the law and with this came the natural development of Welsh legal terminology.
cy-gb	Cymraeg oedd iaith y gyfraith ac yn sgil hynny datblygodd terminoleg gyfreithiol Gymraeg yn naturiol.

en-gb	 Watkin, T G (2007) The Legal History of Wales: 
cy-gb	127  Watkin, T G (2007) The Legal History of Wales: 

en-gb	26-43.
cy-gb	26-43.

en-gb	2.4  The laws of Wales adapted over the centuries by applying the principles which emerged with the development of Welsh law to meet new situations. 
cy-gb	2.4  Ymaddasodd cyfreithiau Cymru dros y canrifoedd drwy gymhwyso’r egwyddorion a ddaeth i’r amlwg wrth i gyfraith Cymru ddatblygu mewn ymateb i sefyllfaoedd newydd. 

en-gb	These laws provided an identity and focus of unity for the people of Wales and also helped define them as a nation despite there being no one ruler following Hywel’s death. 
cy-gb	Roedd y cyfreithiau hyn yn rhoi hunaniaeth ac undod i bobl Cymru gan eu helpu hefyd i ddiffinio eu hunain fel cenedl er nad oedd unben eto wedi marwolaeth Hywel. 

en-gb	This was the period when Wales had its own laws and courts, and Welsh justice was an integral part of Welsh life.
cy-gb	Dyma’r cyfnod pan oedd gan Gymru ei chyfreithiau a’i llysoedd ei hun, ac roedd cyfiawnder Cymreig yn rhan annatod o fywyd Cymru.

en-gb	2.5  The incursions of the Norman barons into the South and West of Wales and along the borders with England saw the first change in the system with the introduction in the Marches of many different legal systems. 
cy-gb	2.5  Ar ôl cyrchoedd y barwniaid Normanaidd yn y de a’r gorllewin ac ar hyd y gororau â Lloegr gwelwyd y newid cyntaf yn y system yn sgil cyflwyno llawer o systemau cyfreithiol gwahanol yn y Mers. 

en-gb	However, in the parts of Wales that had not been conquered, the law continued as before. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, yn y rhannau o Gymru na chawsant eu goresgyn, parhâi’r gyfraith fel cynt. 

en-gb	Magna Carta itself illustrates the complex position by references to the different laws in operation across the nation – Welsh, English and the Marches.
cy-gb	Mae Magna Carta ei hun yn dangos y sefyllfa gymhleth drwy gyfeirio at y gwahanol gyfreithiau a oedd yn weithredol yn y wlad – rhai Cymru, Lloegr a’r Mers.

en-gb	2.6  The conquering barons brought with them some of the laws of England but in some cases also kept some of the laws of Wales. 
cy-gb	2.6  Gwnaeth y barwniaid goresgynnol gyflwyno rhai o gyfreithiau Lloegr, ond gan gadw rhai o gyfreithiau Cymru hefyd mewn rhai achosion. 

en-gb	They administered their Lordships as if they were their private domain, as they had acquired them by right of conquest, including the right to impose the death penalty. 
cy-gb	Roeddent yn gweinyddu eu Harglwyddiaethau fel petaent yn diriogaeth breifat iddynt, gan eu bod wedi eu meddiannu drwy hawl goresgyniad, gan gynnwys yr hawl i roi’r gosb eithaf. 

en-gb	In some of the Lordships, the Lord would employ the full panoply of the common law of England that was developing, with no appeal to the King’s courts. 
cy-gb	Mewn ambell Arglwyddiaeth, byddai’r Arglwydd yn cymhwyso cyfraith gyffredin Lloegr, a oedd yn datblygu, yn ei chyfanrwydd, heb unrhyw apêl i lysoedd y Brenin. 

en-gb	In others, certain aspects of the law depended on the nationality of the person; English law applied to the English and Welsh law to the Welsh. 
cy-gb	Mewn eraill, roedd agweddau penodol ar y gyfraith yn dibynnu ar genedligrwydd yr unigolyn; roedd cyfraith Lloegr yn gymwys i’r Saeson ac roedd cyfraith Cymru yn gymwys i’r Cymry. 

en-gb	In boroughs, trading customs were adopted from communities with which they were associated. 
cy-gb	Mewn bwrdeistrefi, byddai arferion masnach yn cael eu mabwysiadu oddi wrth y cymunedau roeddent yn gysylltiedig â hwy. 

en-gb	For example, in Brecon the customs of Breteuil, a small town in Normandy, were followed. 
cy-gb	Er enghraifft, yn Aberhonddu, câi arferion Breteuil, sef tref fach yn Normandi, eu dilyn. 

en-gb	Even though the royal writ did not run in the Marches, the Statute of Westminster of 1275 provided that English law should have effect in the Marches of Wales.
cy-gb	Er nad oedd gwrit y Brenin yn weithredol yn y Mers, darparodd Statud San Steffan 1275 y dylai cyfraith Lloegr fod yn weithredol ym Mers Cymru.

en-gb	2.7  The conquest of Wales in 1282 by Edward I saw the imposition of direct English royal control over the principalities of North Wales and South Wales. 
cy-gb	2.7  Yn sgil goresgyniad Cymru yn 1282 gan Edward I cafodd rheolaeth uniongyrchol Brenin Lloegr ei gorfodi dros dywysogaethau Gogledd a De Cymru. 

en-gb	The power of the King of England was reflected in both the laws and delivery of justice in Wales as set out in the Statute of Rhuddlan of 1284 (also known as the Statute of Wales).
cy-gb	Câi grym Brenin Lloegr ei adlewyrchu yn y cyfreithiau a’r ffordd roedd cyfiawnder yn cael ei weinyddu yng Nghymru, fel y’i nodwyd yn Statud Rhuddlan 1284 (a elwir hefyd yn Statud Cymru).

en-gb	2.8  The Statute of Rhuddlan established the basic principles that were to govern those conquered parts of Wales until 1535; the Marches remained outside this system. 
cy-gb	2.8  O dan Statud Rhuddlan sefydlwyd yr egwyddorion sylfaenol a fyddai’n llywodraethu’r rhannau o Gymru a oresgynnwyd tan 1535; nid oedd y Mers yn rhan o’r system hon. 

en-gb	The Statute established a new administrative structure. 
cy-gb	Sefydlodd y Statud strwythur gweinyddol newydd. 

en-gb	Gwynedd was divided into the shires of Caernarfon, Anglesey and Merionydd under the Justice of Snowdon; Carmarthen and Cardigan were placed under the Justice of West Wales. 
cy-gb	Cafodd Gwynedd ei rhannu’n dair – Sir Gaernarfon, Sir Fôn a Sir Feirionnydd – o dan Ustus Eryri; roedd Sir Gaerfyrddin a Sir Aberteifi o dan reolaeth Ustus Gorllewin Cymru. 

en-gb	Flint was assigned to the jurisdiction of the Justice of Chester, whilst Pembroke and Glamorgan had a status of their own. 
cy-gb	Daeth Sir y Fflint o dan awdurdodaeth Ustus Caer, ac roedd gan Sir Benfro a Sir Forgannwg eu statws eu hunain. 

en-gb	It was at this time that the officers of the English shire system, sheriffs (who then held courts), coroners and bailiffs, were introduced into those parts of Wales directly under the control of the English King as well as Chanceries and Exchequers. 
cy-gb	Yn ystod y cyfnod hwn y cafodd swyddogion system siroedd Lloegr, sef siryfion (a oedd yn cynnal llysoedd bryd hynny), crwneriaid a beilïod, eu cyflwyno yn y rhannau hynny o Gymru a oedd o dan reolaeth uniongyrchol Brenin Lloegr yn ogystal â Changellysoedd a Thrysorlysoedd. 

en-gb	Although the criminal law was the law of England, much of the civil, land and family law under which the Welsh lived was the law of Wales as developed through custom and Welsh common law. 
cy-gb	Er mai cyfraith Lloegr oedd y gyfraith droseddol, cyfraith Cymru oedd llawer o’r gyfraith sifil, cyfraith tir a chyfraith teulu roedd y Cymry yn byw yn unol â hi, fel y datblygai drwy arfer a chyfraith gyffredin Cymru. 

en-gb	For example, the English system of the right of succession of the first-born son was not part of Welsh law; instead, Welsh law continued under the system where the inheritance of land was divided equally amongst the male heirs.
cy-gb	Er enghraifft, nid oedd hawl y mab cyntaf-anedig i etifeddu o dan system Lloegr yn rhan o’r gyfraith yng Nghymru; yn hytrach, gwnaeth y gyfraith yng Nghymru barhau o dan y system lle gwnaeth tir a etifeddwyd yn cael ei rannu’n gyfartal rhwng yr  etifeddion gwryw.

en-gb	2.9  Wales had a system where the judiciary, courts and processes were modelled on those of England, but they administered and applied the distinctive law of Wales in many important areas of law.
cy-gb	2.9  Roedd gan Gymru system lle roedd y farnwriaeth, y llysoedd a’r prosesau wedi’u modelu ar rai Lloegr, ond roeddent yn gweinyddu  ac yn cymhwyso cyfraith wahanol Cymru mewn llawer o feysydd  cyfreithiol pwysig.

en-gb	3. union and assimilation
cy-gb	3. uno a chymathu

en-gb	2.10  The Acts of Union of the reign of Henry VIII not only formally unified England and Wales but applied royal power and English law to what was described in the 1543 Act as the dominion, principality and country of Wales. 
cy-gb	2.10  Gwnaeth y Deddfau Uno yn ystod teyrnasiad Harri’r VIII nid yn unig uno Cymru a Lloegr yn ffurfiol ond hefyd gymhwyso grym brenhinol a chyfraith Loegr at yr hyn a ddisgrifiwyd yn Neddf 1543 fel dominion, principality and country of Wales.

en-gb	The Acts provided that:
cy-gb	Darparodd y Deddfau ar gyfer  y canlynol:

en-gb	2.10.1  Welsh law and customs were abolished and extinguished; in particular the Welsh laws of inheritance. 
cy-gb	2.10.1  Cafodd cyfraith ac arferion Cymru eu diddymu a’u difodi; yn enwedig cyfreithiau etifeddu Cymru. 

en-gb	Instead, English law was to apply in Wales.
cy-gb	Yn lle hynny, byddai cyfraith Lloegr yn gymwys yng Nghymru.

en-gb	2.10.2  English was made the language of the courts and the use of Welsh was effectively discouraged.
cy-gb	2.10.2  Saesneg oedd iaith y llysoedd ac ni chefnogwyd y defnydd o’r Gymraeg yn cael ei wrthannog i bob diben.

en-gb	2.10.3  A new court system for Wales was established, including the Courts of Great Sessions which was unique to Wales.
cy-gb	2.10.3  Cafodd system lysoedd newydd ei sefydlu i Gymru, gan gynnwys Llysoedd y Sesiynau Mawr a oedd yn unigryw  i Gymru.

en-gb	2.11  As a result of the Acts of Union, Wales lost its distinct law. 
cy-gb	2.11  O ganlyniad i’r Deddfau Uno, collodd Cymru ei chyfraith ei hun. 

en-gb	However, its court system distinct from that of England continued through the establishment of the Court of Great Sessions. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, parhâi system lysoedd a oedd yn wahanol i system Lloegr drwy sefydlu Llysoedd y Sesiynau Mawr. 

en-gb	Although different from the English court system it applied only English law through the  English language.
cy-gb	Er ei bod yn wahanol i system lysoedd Lloegr dim ond cyfraith Lloegr roedd yn ei chymhwyso, a hynny drwy gyfrwng y Saesneg.

en-gb	2.12  The Courts of Great Sessions were organised into four circuits. 
cy-gb	2.12  Cafodd Llysoedd y Sesiynau Mawr eu trefnu’n bedwar cylchdaith. 

en-gb	Each circuit had its own Attorney General and other law officers. 
cy-gb	Roedd gan bob cylchdaith ei Dwrnai Cyffredinol ei hun a swyddogion y gyfraith eraill. 

en-gb	From 1575, Wales had eight part time judges at a time when there were only 12 full time judges for the whole of England. 
cy-gb	O 1575, roedd gan Gymru wyth barnwr rhan-amser ar adeg pan mai dim ond 12 o farnwyr llawn amser oedd gan Loegr i gyd. 

en-gb	The tenure of the judges was for life. 
cy-gb	Roedd y barnwyr yn dal eu swyddi am oes. 

en-gb	Appointments were much sought-after, as the judges were able to continue practising, to sit in Parliament and were also well paid. 
cy-gb	Roedd llawer yn ceisio penodiadau o’r fath, am fod y barnwyr yn gallu parhau i ymarfer, eistedd yn y Senedd a hefyd roeddent yn cael eu talu’n dda. 

en-gb	Out of the 217 judges appointed during the three centuries that the Courts of Great Sessions operated, only 30 were native born Welshmen, though others may have been of Welsh descent.
cy-gb	O blith y 217 o farnwyr a benodwyd yn ystod y tair canrif y gweithredai Llysoedd y Sesiynau Mawr, dim ond 30 o Gymry a benodwyd, ond mae’n bosibl bod eraill yn hanu o dras Gymreig.

en-gb	2.13  The Courts of Great Sessions were the subject of two Parliamentary Select Committees in 1817 and 1820-21 and were given further consideration as part of a Commission of Enquiry into the Superior Courts of Common Law in 1829. 
cy-gb	2.13  Cafodd Llysoedd y Sesiynau Mawr eu hystyried gan ddau Bwyllgor Dethol Seneddol yn 1817 ac 1820-21 ac fe’u hystyriwyd ymhellach fel rhan o Gomisiwn Ymchwilio i’r Uwch Lysoedd Cyfraith Gyffredin yn 1829. 

en-gb	Despite evidence suggesting that most of the people of Wales were against the abolition of the Courts of Great Sessions and that only one Welsh Member of Parliament spoke in favour of it, the Great Sessions were abolished in 1830; the money saved was used to provide three more judges for the courts of common law in England. 
cy-gb	Er gwaethaf y dystiolaeth a awgrymodd fod y rhan fwyaf o bobl Cymru yn gwrthwynebu diddymu Llysoedd y Sesiynau Mawr ac mai dim ond un Aelod Seneddol o Gymru a siaradodd o blaid hynny, diddymwyd y Sesiynau Mawr yn 1830; defnyddiwyd yr arian a arbedwyd i ddarparu tri barnwr arall ar gyfer y llysoedd cyfraith gyffredin yn Lloegr. 

en-gb	It was only at this point that the administration of justice in Wales became fully integrated with that of England. 
cy-gb	Dim ond yn ystod y cyfnod hwn y cafodd trefn gweinyddu cyfiawnder yng Nghymru ei hintegreiddio’n llawn â Lloegr. 

en-gb	Wales was made part of the circuit system, with two circuits, one in North Wales and Chester and the other in South Wales. 
cy-gb	Daeth Cymru yn rhan o’r system gylchdaith, gyda dwy gylchdaith, un yng Ngogledd Cymru a Chaer a’r llall yn Ne Cymru. 

en-gb	They were amalgamated into the Wales and Chester Circuit in 1945.
cy-gb	Cawsant eu cyfuno’n Gylchdaith Cymru a Chaer  yn 1945.

en-gb	Gradual recognition and administrative devolution
cy-gb	Cydnabyddiaeth raddol a datganoli gweinyddol

en-gb	2.14 
cy-gb	2.14 

en-gb	The first UK Parliament statute to apply only to Wales was enacted in 1881: 
cy-gb	Cafodd statud cyntaf Senedd y DU a oedd yn gymwys i Gymru yn unig ei ddeddfu yn 1881: 

en-gb	the Sunday Closing (Wales) Act. 
cy-gb	y Ddeddf Cau Tafarnau ar y Sul (Cymru). 

en-gb	The Act required the closure of all public houses in Wales on Sundays and was a formal acknowledgement of the separate identity of Wales. 
cy-gb	Roedd y Ddeddf yn ei gwneud yn ofynnol i bob tafarn yng Nghymru gau ar y Sul ac roedd yn gydnabyddiaeth ffurfiol o hunaniaeth wahanol Cymru. 

en-gb	This set a precedent for future legislation, and during the 20th century Wales slowly developed a very small body of distinct Welsh legislation. 
cy-gb	Gosododd hyn gynsail i ddeddfwriaeth yn y dyfodol, ac yn ystod yr 20fed ganrif, o dipyn i beth, datblygodd Cymru gorff bach iawn o ddeddfwriaeth benodol i Gymru. 

en-gb	The Welsh Courts Act 1942 repealed Henry VIII’s earlier measures prohibiting the use of Welsh, but it limited the use of Welsh to instances where the speaker would have been disadvantaged by having to speak English. 
cy-gb	Diddymodd Deddf Llysoedd Cymru 1942 fesurau cynharach Harri’r VIII a oedd yn gwahardd defnyddio’r Gymraeg, ond roedd yn cyfyngu ar y defnydd o’r Gymraeg i achosion lle y byddai’r siaradwr o dan anfantais pe bai’n rhaid iddo siarad Saesneg. 

en-gb	It was not until the Welsh Language Act 1967 and the Welsh Language Act 1993 that it was recognised that, in the conduct of public business and the administration of justice, the English and Welsh languages were to be treated on a basis of equality 128 . 
cy-gb	Bu’n rhaid aros tan Ddeddf yr Iaith Gymraeg 1967 a Deddf yr Iaith Gymraeg 1993 cyn cydnabod y byddai’r Gymraeg a’r Saesneg yn cael eu trin ar y sail eu bod yn gyfartal wrth gynnal busnes cyhoeddus a gweinyddu cyfiawnder 128 . 

en-gb	In addition, until the Welsh Language Act 1967, any reference to England in legislation was deemed to include Wales 129 .
cy-gb	Hefyd, tan Ddeddf yr Iaith Gymraeg 1967, tybid bod unrhyw gyfeiriad at Loegr mewn deddfwriaeth yn cynnwys Cymru 129 .

en-gb	2.15 
cy-gb	2.15 

en-gb	The beginning of administrative devolution in Wales was the establishment of the Welsh Board for Education in 1907. 
cy-gb	Dechreuodd datganoli gweinyddol yng Nghymru drwy sefydlu Bwrdd Addysg Cymru yn 1907. 

en-gb	Throughout the first part of the 20th century, Welsh Boards, Commissions or departments within Ministries were established, including for health and agriculture. 
cy-gb	Drwy gydol hanner cyntaf yr 20fed ganrif, cafodd Byrddau, Comisiynau neu adrannau o fewn Gweinyddiaethau eu sefydlu i Gymru, gan gynnwys ar gyfer iechyd ac amaethyddiaeth. 

en-gb	In 1964, the office of Secretary of State for Wales was created and in the following year this newly created Department, the Welsh Office, took on responsibility for housing, local government, planning and related matters. 
cy-gb	Yn 1964, crëwyd swydd Ysgrifennydd Gwladol Cymru ac yn ystod y flwyddyn ddilynol daeth yr Adran newydd hon, sef y Swyddfa Gymreig, yn gyfrifol am dai, llywodraeth leol, cynllunio a materion cysylltiedig. 

en-gb	Over the years further functions continued to be transferred to the Secretary of State for Wales, including education and training, health, industrial development, roads, tourism, the environment, agriculture and fisheries. 
cy-gb	Dros y blynyddoedd, parhawyd i drosglwyddo swyddogaethau eraill i Ysgrifennydd Gwladol Cymru, gan gynnwys addysg a hyfforddiant, iechyd, datblygu diwydiannol, ffyrdd, twristiaeth, yr amgylchedd, amaethyddiaeth a physgodfeydd 

en-gb	None of the functions in relation to justice was transferred; they were retained by the Home Office and the then Lord Chancellor’s Department (now the Ministry of Justice) 130 . 
cy-gb	Ni throsglwyddwyd unrhyw rai o’r swyddogaethau mewn perthynas â chyfiawnder; cadwyd y rheini gan y Swyddfa Gartref ac Adran yr Arglwydd Ganghellor ar y pryd (y Weinyddiaeth Gyfiawnder bellach) 130 . 

en-gb	Para 11.7, Welsh Language Act 1993  (preamble).
cy-gb	Para 11.7, Deddf yr Iaith Gymraeg 1993  (rhaglith). 

en-gb	129 In an Act in 1746 to enforce rates and duties on houses, windows and lights, it was declared that where “England” was only mentioned in an Act of Parliament it was deemed to include Wales and Berwick upon Tweed.
cy-gb	129  Mewn Deddf yn 1746 i orfodi ardrethi a thollau ar dai, ffenestri a goleuadau, datganwyd, pan oedd "England" yn cael ei chrybwyll mewn Deddf Seneddol, y tybid ei bod yn cynnwys Cymru a Berwick upon Tweed.

en-gb	2.16  In 1966, a Royal Commission chaired by Lord Beeching was established to examine the court system in England and Wales. 
cy-gb	2.16  Yn 1966, sefydlwyd Comisiwn Brenhinol o dan gadeiryddiaeth yr Arglwydd Beeching i ystyried y system lysoedd yng Nghymru a Lloegr. 

en-gb	It had no Welsh member. 
cy-gb	Nid oedd yn cynnwys aelod o Gymru. 

en-gb	A draft report was prepared by October 1967; it proposed the division of England and Wales into regions, with Wales being partitioned between the northern and the western regions of England. 
cy-gb	Paratowyd adroddiad drafft erbyn mis Hydref 1967; cynigiwyd y dylai Cymru a Lloegr gael eu rhannu’n rhanbarthau, gyda Chymru yn cael ei rhannu rhwng rhanbarthau gogledd a gorllewin Lloegr. 

en-gb	In January 1969, members of the Royal Commission met representatives of the Wales and Chester circuit to put their views on partitioning Wales. 
cy-gb	Ym mis Ionawr 1969, cyfarfu aelodau o’r Comisiwn Brenhinol â chynrychiolwyr o gylchdaith Cymru a Chaer i gyflwyno eu safbwyntiau ar rannu Cymru. 

en-gb	It was only when the Royal Commissioners appreciated the outcry that this would cause that this partition was abandoned. 
cy-gb	Dim ond pan sylweddolodd y Comisiynwyr Brenhinol y fanllef o brotest a fyddai’n dilyn rhaniad o’r fath y rhoddwyd y gorau iddo. 

en-gb	Following political pressure by influential Welshmen 131 , the final report in September 1969 acknowledged that “ the special circumstances in Wales are such that the Circuit should be treated as a single unit and that it should be administered from Cardiff ” 132 .
cy-gb	Yn dilyn pwysau gwleidyddol gan Gymry dylanwadol 131 , cydnabu’r adroddiad terfynol ym mis Medi 1969 “ the special circumstances in Wales are such that the Circuit should  be treated as a single unit and that it should be administered  from Cardiff ” 132 .

en-gb	Democratic devolution
cy-gb	Datganoli democrataidd

en-gb	2.17 
cy-gb	2.17 

en-gb	In September 1997, the people of Wales voted for the establishment of a National Assembly for Wales and democratic devolution. 
cy-gb	Ym mis Medi 1997, pleidleisiodd pobl Cymru o blaid sefydlu Cynulliad Cenedlaethol i Gymru a datganoli democrataidd. 

en-gb	The current scheme of devolution has evolved over four main phases 133  which we will describe in turn: 
cy-gb	Mae’r drefn ddatganoli bresennol wedi datblygu dros bedwar prif gam 133  a ddisgrifiwn yn eu tro: 

en-gb	(1) executive devolution under the Government of Wales Act 1998; (2) separation of the legislature and executive; (3) the giving of power to the Assembly to pass Acts; and (4) the change to a reserved powers model. 
cy-gb	(1) datganoli gweithredol o dan Ddeddf Llywodraeth Cymru 1998; (2) gwahanu’r ddeddfwrfa a’r weithrediaeth; (3) rhoi’r pŵer i’r Cynulliad basio Deddfau, a (4) newid i fodel cadw pwerau. 

en-gb	a)  
cy-gb	a)  

en-gb	Phase 1
cy-gb	Cam 1 

en-gb	2.18 
cy-gb	2.18 

en-gb	The Government of Wales Act 1998 established the Assembly as a single corporate body in the first phase of devolution 134 . 
cy-gb	Sefydlodd Deddf Llywodraeth Cymru 1998 y Cynulliad fel un corff corfforaethol yng ngham cyntaf datganoli 134 . 

en-gb	Most of the functions of the Secretary of State for Wales, as described in paragraph 2.15,  transferred to the Assembly. 
cy-gb	Trosglwyddodd y rhan fwyaf o swyddogaethau Ysgrifennydd Gwladol Cymru, fel y’u disgrifiwyd ym mharagraff 2.15 , i’r Cynulliad. 

en-gb	The Assembly therefore had executive powers, including powers to make secondary legislation, but it had no powers to make primary legislation. 
cy-gb	Felly, roedd gan y Cynulliad bwerau gweithredol, gan gynnwys pwerau i lunio is-ddeddfwriaeth, ond nid oedd ganddo unrhyw bwerau i lunio deddfwriaeth sylfaenol. 

en-gb	Since then the laws made by the Assembly and the Welsh Ministers have been made in the English and Welsh languages and both versions have been treated  as equal.
cy-gb	Ers hynny, mae'r cyfreithiau a luniwyd gan y Cynulliad a Gweinidogion Cymru wedi cael eu llunio yn y Gymraeg a'r Saesneg, ac mae'r ddwy fersiwn wedi cael eu trin yn gyfartal.

en-gb	2.19  The Scotland Act 1998 established the Scottish Parliament, with primary legislative powers, and the Scottish Executive (now the Scottish Government). 
cy-gb	2.19  Sefydlodd Deddf yr Alban 1998 Senedd yr Alban, gyda phwerau deddfu sylfaenol, a Gweithrediaeth yr Alban (Llywodraeth yr Alban bellach). 

en-gb	The Northern Ireland Act 1998 also established a devolved legislature with primary powers. 
cy-gb	Sefydlodd Deddf Gogledd Iwerddon 1998 ddeddfwrfa ddatganoledig hefyd gyda phwerau sylfaenol. 

en-gb	In both, justice was devolved. 
cy-gb	Yn y ddwy, cafodd cyfiawnder ei ddatganoli. 

en-gb	The third branch of government, a separate judiciary, existed and was continued in both Scotland and Northern Ireland.
cy-gb	Roedd trydedd gangen y llywodraeth, barnwriaeth ar wahân, yn bodoli yn yr Alban a Gogledd Iwerddon, a pharhaodd hynny.

en-gb	2.20 The devolution legislation is underpinned by a Memorandum of Understanding between the UK Government and the devolved administrations in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland which sets out the principles which underlie relations between them . 
cy-gb	2.20 Mae’r ddeddfwriaeth ynglŷn â datganoli wedi’i hategu gan Femorandwm Cyd-ddealltwriaeth rhwng Llywodraeth y DU a’r gweinyddiaethau datganoledig yng Nghymru, yr Alban a Gogledd Iwerddon sy’n nodi’r egwyddorion sy’n sail i’r cydberthnasau rhyngddynt . 

en-gb	It was first agreed in 1999 with the latest version in 2013.  
cy-gb	Cytunwyd arno gyntaf yn 1999 a gyda'r fersiwn ddiweddaraf yn 2013. 

en-gb	 Welsh Government (2014) Memorandum of Understanding. 
cy-gb	 Llywodraeth Cymru (2014) Memorandwm Cyd-ddealltwriaeth. 

en-gb	Phase 2
cy-gb	b)  Cam 2

en-gb	2.21  Following the report of the Richard Commission  which recommended significant changes to the Welsh devolution scheme, in June 2005 the UK Government published a White Paper, Better Governance for Wales . 
cy-gb	2.21  Yn dilyn adroddiad Comisiwn Richard  a argymhellodd newidiadau sylweddol i drefn ddatganoli Cymru, ym mis Mehefin 2005 cyhoeddodd Llywodraeth y DU Bapur Gwyn, Trefn Lywodraethu Well i Gymru . 

en-gb	80.
cy-gb	80.

en-gb	This led to the second phase of devolution under the Government of Wales Act 2006, which formally separated the Assembly and the Welsh Assembly Government, thus providing for two of the three branches of government normally found in democratically governed nations. 
cy-gb	Arweiniodd hyn at ail gam datganoli o dan Ddeddf Llywodraeth Cymru 2006, a wahanodd y Cynulliad oddi wrth Lywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru yn ffurfiol, gan ddarparu dwy o dair cangen y llywodraeth a welir fel arfer mewn gwledydd o dan lywodraeth ddemocrataidd. 

en-gb	The 2006 Act enabled the Assembly to gain powers incrementally (through specific provisions in Acts of the UK Parliament and Orders in Council ) to pass Measures, a form of primary legislation, in specified areas. 
cy-gb	Drwy Ddeddf 2006 gallai’r Cynulliad gael pwerau yn raddol (drwy ddarpariaethau penodol yn Neddfau Senedd y DU a Gorchmynion yn y Cyfrin Gyngor ) i basio Mesurau, sef math o ddeddfwriaeth sylfaenol, mewn meysydd penodol. 

en-gb	The same Act also provided that a referendum could be held in the future to decide whether the Assembly should be able to pass laws on all matters in equivalent areas. 
cy-gb	Darparodd yr un Ddeddf hefyd y gellid cynnal refferendwm yn y dyfodol i benderfynu p’un a ddylai’r Cynulliad allu pasio cyfreithiau ar bob mater mewn meysydd cyfatebol.

en-gb	 The Welsh Assembly Government had to negotiate the scope of each Legislative Competence Order (LCO) with Whitehall, following which the draft had to be approved by the Assembly and both Houses of Parliament. 
cy-gb	 Roedd yn rhaid i Lywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru negodi cwmpas pob Gorchymyn Cymhwysedd Deddfwriaethol (GCD) â Whitehall. Yna, roedd yn rhaid i’r drafft gael ei gymeradwyo gan y Cynulliad a dau Dy ˆ   Senedd y DU. 

en-gb	An LCO could only relate to areas in which the Welsh Ministers already had executive powers. 
cy-gb	Dim ond y meysydd lle roedd gan Weinidogion Cymru bwerau gweithredol eisoes y gellid eu cynnwys mewn GCD. 

en-gb	David Moon and Tomos Evans, ‘Welsh devolution and the problem of legislative competence’ (2017) 12 British Politics 335.
cy-gb	David Moon a Tomos Evans, ‘Welsh devolution and the problem of legislative competence (2017)’. 

en-gb	Phase 3
cy-gb	c)  Cam 3

en-gb	Following the report of the All Wales Convention  in 2009 and an affirmative vote in a referendum in March 2011 (the third phase of devolution) the Assembly acquired powers to pass Acts in the areas of competence listed in Schedule 7 to the 2006 Act, under a system of devolution known as a “ conferred powers model ”. 
cy-gb	2.22 Yn dilyn adroddiad Confensiwn Cymru Gyfan  yn 2009 a phleidlais gadarnhaol mewn refferendwm ym mis Mawrth 2011 (trydydd cam datganoli) cafodd y Cynulliad bwerau i basio Deddfau yn y meysydd cymhwysedd a restrir yn Atodlen 7 i Ddeddf 2006, o dan system ddatganoli a elwir yn " fodel rhoi pwerau ”. 

en-gb	All Wales Convention (2009). 
cy-gb	Confensiwn Cymru Gyfan (2009). 

en-gb	 Jones, R W and Scully, R. 
cy-gb	 Jones, R W a Scully, R. 

en-gb	(2012) Wales Says Yes: 
cy-gb	(2012) Wales Says Yes: 

en-gb	Devolution and the 2011 Welsh Referendum. 
cy-gb	Devolution and the 2011 Welsh Referendum. 

en-gb	Huckle, T (2015) ‘ Fixes, Fudges and Falling Short’? 
cy-gb	Huckle, T (2015) ‘ Fixes, Fudges and Falling Short’? 

en-gb	The Need for a coherent and lasting devolution settlement for Wales.
cy-gb	The Need for a coherent and lasting devolution settlement for Wales.

en-gb	In October 2011, the UK Government established a Commission on Devolution in Wales (the Silk Commission) to consider the financial and legislative arrangements in Wales. 
cy-gb	2.23 Ym mis Hydref 2011, sefydlodd Llywodraeth y DU Gomisiwn ar Ddatganoli yng Nghymru (Comisiwn Silk) i ystyried y trefniadau ariannol a deddfwriaethol yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	It carried out its work in two parts. 
cy-gb	Gwnaed ei waith mewn dwy ran. 

en-gb	The first part was published in November 2012 and recommended that some taxation and borrowing powers be transferred to the Assembly. 
cy-gb	Cyhoeddwyd y rhan gyntaf ym mis Tachwedd 2012 ac argymhellwyd y dylid trosglwyddo rhai pwerau trethu a benthyca i’r Cynulliad. 

en-gb	As a result of this part, the UK Government introduced the Wales Act 2014 which provided that the Assembly could enact primary legislation imposing some taxes in Wales.
cy-gb	O ganlyniad i’r rhan hon, cyflwynodd Llywodraeth y DU Ddeddf Cymru 2014  a ddarparodd y gallai’r Cynulliad basio deddfwriaeth sylfaenol sy’n gosod rhai trethi yng Nghymru.

en-gb	In March 2014 the second part of the report, concerning the powers of the Assembly, was published . 
cy-gb	2.24 Ym mis Mawrth 2014, cyhoeddwyd ail ran yr adroddiad, a oedd yn ymwneud â phwerau’r Cynulliad . 

en-gb	It included 12 recommendations for justice and policing, including devolving policing and youth justice. 
cy-gb	Roedd yn cynnwys 12 o argymhellion ym maes cyfiawnder a phlismona, gan gynnwys datganoli plismona a chyfiawnder ieuenctid. 

en-gb	The following timeline was suggested:  
cy-gb	Awgrymwyd yr amserlen ganlynol:  

en-gb	 Commission on Devolution in Wales (2014) Empowerment and Responsibility: 
cy-gb	 Y Comisiwn ar Ddatganoli yng Nghymru (2014) Grymuso a Chyfrifoldeb: 

en-gb	Legislative Powers to Strengthen Wales . 
cy-gb	Pwerau Deddfwriaethol i Gryfhau Cymru. 

en-gb	By 2017: 
cy-gb	Erbyn 2017: 

en-gb	devolution of youth justice system 
cy-gb	datganoli’r system cyfiawnder ieuenctid 

en-gb	devolution of the police 
cy-gb	datganoli’r heddlu 

en-gb	By 2018: 
cy-gb	Erbyn 2018: 

en-gb	completion of the review of devolution of prisons  and probation 
cy-gb	cwblhau’r adolygiad o ddatganoli’r gwasanaeth carchardai a'r gwasanaeth prawf  

en-gb	On-going: 
cy-gb	Yn parhau: 

en-gb	administrative devolution of the court system 
cy-gb	datganoli’r system lysoedd yn weinyddol 

en-gb	By 2025: 
cy-gb	Erbyn 2025: 

en-gb	completion and implementation of the review of legislative devolution of other aspects of the justice system. 
cy-gb	cwblhau a gweithredu’r adolygiad o ddatganoli agweddau eraill ar y system gyfiawnder yn ddeddfwriaethol.

en-gb	Following publication of the second part of the Silk report most of the recommendations, except for those on policing and justice, were incorporated into what has become known as the St David’s Day Agreement  in 2015 between the then Secretary of State for Wales and the main political parties in Wales. 
cy-gb	2.25 Ar ôl cyhoeddi ail ran adroddiad Silk, cafodd y rhan fwyaf o’r argymhellion, heblaw’r rhai ar blismona a chyfiawnder, eu hymgorffori yn yr hyn a gaiff ei adnabod fel Cytundeb Dydd Gŵyl Dewi 141  yn 2015 rhwng Ysgrifennydd Gwladol Cymru ar y pryd a’r prif bleidiau gwleidyddol yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	The St David’s Day Agreement was accompanied by a further UK Government White Paper . 
cy-gb	Ar y cyd â Chytundeb Dydd Gŵyl Dewi cyhoeddwyd Papur Gwyn arall gan Lywodraeth y DU . 

en-gb	On the question of devolution of policing, youth justice and (in the longer term) the justice system, it simply recorded “no consensus”. 
cy-gb	O ran datganoli plismona, cyfiawnder ieuenctid ac (yn y tymor hwy) y system gyfiawnder, cofnododd yn syml "dim consensws". 

en-gb	A draft Wales Bill to give effect to the proposals in the White Paper was published in October 2015 .
cy-gb	Cyhoeddwyd Bil Cymru drafft i weithredu’r cynigion yn y Papur Gwyn ym mis Hydref 2015 . 

en-gb	 HM Government (2015) Powers for a Purpose: 
cy-gb	 Llywodraeth EM (2015) Pwerau at Bwrpas: 

en-gb	Towards a Lasting Devolution Settlement for Wales.
cy-gb	Tuag at Setliad Datganoli sy’n Para i Gymru. 

en-gb	 Wales Governance Centre and The Constitution Unit (2016) Challenge and Opportunity: 
cy-gb	 Canolfan Llywodraethiant Cymru ac Uned y Cyfansoddiad (2016) Challenge and Opportunity: 

en-gb	The Draft Wales Bill 2015 . 
cy-gb	The Draft Wales Bill 2015. 

en-gb	In 2016 the Welsh Government produced an alternative draft Bill, the Government and Laws in Wales Bill. 
cy-gb	2.26 Yn 2016, cyhoeddodd Llywodraeth Cymru Fil drafft amgen, sef Bil Llywodraeth a Chyfraith Cymru. 

en-gb	This draft Bill proposed to recognise Wales as a legally distinct territory and separate the laws of England from the laws of Wales. 
cy-gb	Cynigiodd y Bil drafft hwn y dylid cydnabod Cymru fel tiriogaeth gyfreithiol neilltuol a gwahanu cyfreithiau Lloegr oddi wrth gyfreithiau Cymru. 

en-gb	This would not automatically involve the establishment of a separate system for the administration of justice, with separate institutions, judiciary and professions. 
cy-gb	Ni fyddai hyn o reidrwydd yn golygu sefydlu system ar wahân ar gyfer gweinyddu cyfiawnder, gyda sefydliadau, barnwriaeth a phroffesiynau ar wahân. 

en-gb	Judges and the professions could continue to sit and practise across England and Wales. 
cy-gb	Gallai barnwyr a’r proffesiynau barhau i eistedd ac ymarfer ledled Cymru a Lloegr. 

en-gb	The draft Bill also proposed that powers in relation to the justice system were to be “deferred matters” meaning that they could be devolved with effect from 1 March 2026 (or such later date as might be determined with the agreement of both the Welsh Parliament and the UK Parliament). 
cy-gb	Cynigiodd y Bil drafft hefyd y dylai pwerau mewn perthynas â’r system gyfiawnder fod yn "faterion gohiriedig", a oedd yn golygu y gellid eu datganoli yn weithredol o 1 Mawrth 2026 (neu’r cyfryw ddyddiad diweddarach ag a bennir gyda chytundeb Senedd Cymru a Senedd y DU). 

en-gb	The UK Government did not adopt the proposals set out in the Welsh Government’s draft Bill.
cy-gb	Ni fabwysiadodd Llywodraeth y DU y cynigion a nodwyd ym Mil drafft Llywodraeth Cymru.

en-gb	Phase 4 
cy-gb	d)  Cam 4 

en-gb	The Wales Act 2017 brought about the fourth phase of devolution and introduced a reserved powers model, similar in concept to the Scottish system, under which the devolved Parliament can make laws on any matter except those specifically reserved to the UK Parliament . 
cy-gb	2.27 Ar ôl pasio Deddf Cymru 2017 cafwyd pedwerydd cam datganoli, a chyflwynwyd model cadw pwerau, yn debyg i gysyniad system yr Alban, lle y gall y Senedd ddatganoledig wneud cyfreithiau ar unrhyw fater ac eithrio’r rhai a gedwir yn ôl yn benodol i Senedd y DU 144 . 

en-gb	In relation to justice, the Wales Act 2017 expressly recognised the Welsh tribunals (which had come into existence as part of the original scheme of devolution in 1998, as we will describe in paragraph 2.77 ) and provided for a President of Welsh Tribunals, the first senior judicial appointment since 1830 relating solely to Wales.
cy-gb	O ran cyfiawnder, gwnaeth Deddf Cymru 2017 gydnabod tribiwnlysoedd Cymru (a ddaeth i fodolaeth fel rhan o’r drefn ddatganoli wreiddiol yn 1998, fel y’i disgrifir ym mharagraff 2.77 ) yn benodol a darparu ar gyfer Llywydd Tribiwnlysoedd Cymru, sef yr uwch-benodiad barnwrol cyntaf ers 1830 yn ymwneud â Chymru yn unig.

en-gb	During the passage of the Wales Act 2017, the UK Government made a commitment to establish an Independent Advisory Committee on Justice in Wales to bring together experts and officials from the UK and Wales to review the operation of justice in Wales and make recommendations as to where justice can be delivered more effectively. 
cy-gb	2.28 Yn ystod hynt Deddf Cymru 2017, ymrwymodd Llywodraeth y DU i sefydlu Pwyllgor Ymgynghorol Annibynnol ar Gyfiawnder yng Nghymru er mwyn dwyn ynghyd arbenigwyr a swyddogion o’r DU a Chymru i adolygu’r ffordd y câi cyfiawnder ei weithredu yng Nghymru a gwneud argymhellion ynghylch lle y gellir sicrhau cyfiawnder yn fwy effeithiol. 

en-gb	The Committee published its first report in July 2019 145 . 
cy-gb	Cyhoeddodd y Pwyllgor ei adroddiad cyntaf ym mis Gorffennaf 2019 . 

en-gb	It made recommendations for improving accessibility to laws made in Wales and improving the arrangements for dealing with the impacts of divergence in the law applicable in Wales and the law applicable in England for delivery bodies, stakeholders, practitioners and legal education providers. 
cy-gb	Gwnaeth argymhellion ar gyfer gwneud cyfreithiau a wneir yng Nghymru yn fwy hygyrch a gwella’r trefniadau ar gyfer ymdrin ag effeithiau gwahaniaethau yn y gyfraith sy’n gymwys yng Nghymru a’r gyfraith sy’n gymwys yn Lloegr ar gyrff cyflawni, rhanddeiliaid, ymarferwyr a darparwyr addysg gyfreithiol. 

en-gb	However, this is within the constraints of the existing division of powers, resources and responsibilities. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, mae hyn o fewn cyfyngiadau’r rhaniad presennol o ran pwerau, adnoddau  a chyfrifoldebau. 

en-gb	Although the main changes that have resulted in the current scheme of devolution have occurred in four phases in a period of under 20 years, there have been several other changes in the scheme over that period; one example relevant to justice was the transfer of Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (Cafcass) in 2005 as we describe at paragraph 7.6.5.  
cy-gb	2.29 Er bod y prif newidiadau sydd wedi arwain at y drefn ddatganoli bresennol wedi digwydd mewn pedwar cam mewn cyfnod o lai nag 20 mlynedd, bu sawl newid arall yn y drefn yn ystod yr un cyfnod; un enghraifft sy’n berthnasol i gyfiawnder oedd trosglwyddo Gwasanaeth Cynghori a Chynorthwyo Llys i Blant a Theuluoedd (Cafcass) yn 2005 fel y disgrifiwn ym mharagraff 7.6.5 . 

en-gb	Figure 1  timeline of democratic devolution in Wales, 1997 to 2019
cy-gb	ffigur 1 Llinell amser datganoli democrataidd yng nghymru, 1997 i 2019

en-gb	1997:  
cy-gb	1997:  

en-gb	Referendum result in favour of creating a Welsh Assembly. 
cy-gb	Canlyniad refferendwm o blaid creu Cynulliad i Gymru.

en-gb	1998:  
cy-gb	1998:  

en-gb	First phase of devolution:
cy-gb	Cam cyntaf datganoli:

en-gb	The Government of Wales Act 1998    establishes the National Assembly for Wales.
cy-gb	Deddf Llywodraeth Cymru 1998 yn sefydlu   Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru.

en-gb	1999:  
cy-gb	1999:  

en-gb	First elections to the Assembly.
cy-gb	Etholiadau cyntaf y Cynulliad.

en-gb	2004:  
cy-gb	2004:  

en-gb	Richard Commission recommends significant changes to the Welsh    devolution scheme.
cy-gb	Comisiwn Richard yn argymell newidiadau sylweddol i drefn   ddatganoli Cymru.

en-gb	2005:  
cy-gb	2005:  

en-gb	UK Government publishes a White Paper, Better Governance for Wales. 
cy-gb	Llywodraeth y DU yn cyhoeddi Papur Gwyn, Trefn Lywodraethu Well   i Gymru.

en-gb	2006:  
cy-gb	2006:  

en-gb	second phase of devolution:
cy-gb	Ail gam datganoli:

en-gb	Government of Wales Act 2006 gives    the Assembly restricted powers to establish primary legislation    in specified areas (Assembly Measures). 
cy-gb	Deddf Llywodraeth Cymru 2006 yn rhoi pwerau   cyfyngedig i’r Cynulliad basio deddfwriaeth sylfaenol mewn meysydd   penodol (Mesurau’r Cynulliad). 

en-gb	The Act formally separates the   Assembly and the Welsh Assembly Government. 
cy-gb	Mae’r Ddeddf yn gwahanu’r Cynulliad a   Llywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru yn ffurfiol. 

en-gb	2009:  
cy-gb	2009:  

en-gb	All Wales Convention recommends referendum on full law    making powers.
cy-gb	Confensiwn Cymru Gyfan yn argymell refferendwm ar bwerau   deddfu llawn.

en-gb	2011:  
cy-gb	2011:  

en-gb	third phase of devolution:
cy-gb	trydydd cam datganoli:

en-gb	following a referendum the Assembly is    given full law-making powers in the twenty areas that have been    devolved to Wales.
cy-gb	yn dilyn refferendwm rhoddir pwerau deddfu   llawn i'r Cynulliad yn yr ugain maes a ddatganolwyd i Gymru. 

en-gb	2012:  
cy-gb	2012:  

en-gb	The Assembly’s first Act, the National Assembly for Wales    (Official Languages) Act 2012 receives Royal Assent.
cy-gb	Deddf gyntaf y Cynulliad, sef Deddf Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru   (Ieithoedd Swyddogol) 2012 yn derbyn Cydsyniad Brenhinol.

en-gb	First part of the Silk Commission report published and recommends    that some taxation and borrowing powers be transferred to    the Assembly. 
cy-gb	Rhan gyntaf adroddiad Comisiwn Silk yn cael ei chyhoeddi ac yn   argymell y dylid trosglwyddo rhai pwerau trethu a benthyca   i’r Cynulliad. 

en-gb	2014:  
cy-gb	2014:  

en-gb	Second part of the Silk Commission report published and recommends   the devolution of policing and youth justice.
cy-gb	Ail ran adroddiad Comisiwn Silk yn cael ei chyhoeddi ac yn argymell y   dylid datganoli plismona a chyfiawnder ieuenctid.

en-gb	The Wales Act 2014 gives the Assembly some tax raising powers. 
cy-gb	Deddf Cymru 2014 yn rhoi rhai pwerau trethu i’r Cynulliad.

en-gb	2015:  
cy-gb	2015:  

en-gb	White paper published by the Secretary of State for Wales – Powers for   a Purpose: 
cy-gb	Ysgrifennydd Gwladol Cymru yn cyhoeddi papur gwyn – Pwerau at   bwrpas: 

en-gb	2017:  
cy-gb	2017:  

en-gb	Fourth phase of devolution:
cy-gb	Pedwerydd cam datganoli:

en-gb	following the Wales Act 2017, the    Assembly moves to the reserved powers model of devolution.
cy-gb	yn dilyn Deddf Cymru 2017 mae'r   Cynulliad yn symud i fodel cadw pwerau datganoli.

en-gb	2018: 
cy-gb	2018: 

en-gb	The Assembly’s tax raising powers come into operation.
cy-gb	Pwerau trethu’r Cynulliad yn dod yn weithredol.

en-gb	2019: 
cy-gb	2019: 

en-gb	Senedd and Elections (Wales) Bill is introduced to lower the voting age,   and change the name of the Assembly to Senedd. 
cy-gb	Bil Senedd ac Etholiadau (Cymru) yn cael ei gyflwyno i leihau’r oedran   pleidleisio a newid enw’r Cynulliad i’r Senedd. 

en-gb	Part 2: 
cy-gb	Rhan 2: 

en-gb	the complexity of the current scheme of devolution
cy-gb	Cymhlethdod y drefn ddatganoli bresennol

en-gb	2.30 The complexity of the current devolution scheme is much discussed elsewhere 146 . 
cy-gb	2.30 Ceir cryn drafod am gymhlethdod y drefn ddatganoli bresennol mewn mannau eraill 146 . 

en-gb	It is generally accepted that it is unnecessarily complex 147 . 
cy-gb	Derbynnir yn gyffredinol ei bod yn ddiangen o gymhleth 147 . 

en-gb	It is very difficult to understand. 
cy-gb	Mae’n anodd iawn i’w deall. 

en-gb	That makes for poor accountability. 
cy-gb	Mae hynny’n golygu atebolrwydd gwael. 

en-gb	Furthermore it does not effectively support the delivery of justice policy in its widest sense, in Wales. 
cy-gb	At hynny, nid yw'n cefnogi'r gwaith o gyflwyno polisi cyfiawnder, yn ei ystyr ehangaf, yn effeithiol yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	We highlight two areas which illustrate the complexity as it relates to justice. 
cy-gb	Tynnwn  sylw at ddau faes sy'n dangos y cymhlethdod fel y mae a wnelo  â chyfiawnder. 

en-gb	1. 
cy-gb	1. 

en-gb	Devolved responsibilities relevant to justice
cy-gb	Cyfrifoldebau datganoledig sy’n berthnasol i gyfiawnder

en-gb	2.31 
cy-gb	2.31 

en-gb	The Assembly and the Welsh Government have under each of the various schemes of devolution exercised powers in areas integral to justice even though there has been no devolution of powers in respect of police, probation, prisons, the courts and most areas of substantive law. 
cy-gb	Mae’r Cynulliad a Llywodraeth Cymru o dan bob un o’r gwahanol drefnau datganoli wedi arfer pwerau mewn meysydd sy’n hanfodol i gyfiawnder er nad oes unrhyw bwerau wedi cael eu datganoli mewn perthynas â’r heddlu, y gwasanaeth prawf, carchardai, y llysoedd na’r rhan fwyaf o gyfraith sylwedd. 

en-gb	This has happened as a matter of practical necessity as justice is fundamental to the proper working of government. 
cy-gb	Mae hyn wedi digwydd o angenrhaid ymarferol, am fod cyfiawnder wrth wraidd trefn effeithiol llywodraeth. 

en-gb	This split in responsibility is, however, an obstacle to the development of overall policy, to the alignment of health, education, social welfare and other devolved areas with justice, to making comprehensive plans for public spending that integrate justice with other functions, to effective delivery and the monitoring and accountability for that delivery. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, mae'r rhaniad hwn mewn cyfrifoldeb yn rhwystr i ddatblygu gwaith polisi yn gyffredinol, cysoni iechyd, addysg, lles cymdeithasol a meysydd datganoledig eraill â chyfiawnder, llunio cynlluniau cynhwysfawr ar gyfer gwariant cyhoeddus sy'n integreiddio cyfiawnder â swyddogaethau eraill, cyflawni gwaith yn effeithiol, a monitro'r broses honno a'i hatebolrwydd. 

en-gb	We discuss these areas in greater detail in the course of the report but provide some examples in this paragraph 148 : 
cy-gb	Trafodwn y meysydd hyn  yn fanylach yn yr adroddiad ond rhoddir rhai enghreifftiau yn y  paragraff hwn 148 : 

en-gb	2.31.1  Welsh Government funding for voluntary third sector organisations has been vital in providing help for people in need of advice and support in circumstances where the UK Government has significantly reduced the scope of legal aid; as described in Chapter 3, the work of the Welsh Government has played a significant role in facilitating access to justice.
cy-gb	2.31.1  Mae cyllid Llywodraeth Cymru i sefydliadau gwirfoddol yn y trydydd sector wedi bod yn hanfodol o ran helpu pobl y mae angen cyngor a chymorth arnynt mewn amgylchiadau lle mae Llywodraeth San Steffan wedi lleihau cwmpas cymorth cyfreithiol yn sylweddol; fel y'i disgrifir ym Mhennod 3, mae gwaith Llywodraeth Cymru wedi chwarae rhan sylweddol yn y gwaith o hwyluso mynediad at gyfiawnder.

en-gb	146 
cy-gb	146 

en-gb	Rawlings op cit. n. 
cy-gb	Rawlings op cit. n. 

en-gb	141. 
cy-gb	141. 

en-gb	Kellam, J (2018) ‘The Wales Act: 
cy-gb	Kellam, J (2018) ‘The Wales Act: 

en-gb	a new dawn for Welsh devolution?’.
cy-gb	a new dawn for Welsh devolution?’.

en-gb	Moon and Evans op cit n. 
cy-gb	Moon ac Evans op cit n. 

en-gb	137. 
cy-gb	137. 

en-gb	George, M and Pritchard, H (2016) ‘Take 2: 
cy-gb	George, M a Pritchard, H (2016) ‘Take 2: 

en-gb	The Wales Bill’.
cy-gb	The Wales Bill’.

en-gb	Jowell, J and O’Cinneide, C (eds), (2019) The Changing Constitution.
cy-gb	Jowell, J ac O’Cinneide, C (gol), (2019) The Changing Constitution

en-gb	147 
cy-gb	147 

en-gb	The long list of reserved matters complicates the distinction between devolved and non devolved powers. 
cy-gb	Mae’r rhestr hir o faterion a gedwir yn ôl yn cymhlethu’r gwahaniaeth rhwng pwerau sydd wedi’u datganoli a phwerau nad ydynt  wedi’u datganoli. 

en-gb	148  op cit n. 
cy-gb	148  op cit n. 

en-gb	94 11.
cy-gb	94 11.

en-gb	2.31.2  The responsibilities of the Welsh Government for health include mental health and substance misuse services, both in the community and in prisons. 
cy-gb	2.31.2  Mae cyfrifoldebau Llywodraeth Cymru am iechyd yn cynnwys gwasanaethau iechyd meddwl a chamddefnyddio sylweddau, a hynny yn y gymuned ac mewn carchardai. 

en-gb	The policies and services in these areas are crucial importance to enhancing community safety, reducing crime and promoting rehabilitation. 
cy-gb	Mae’r polisïau a’r gwasanaethau yn y meysydd hyn yn hanfodol bwysig o ran gwella diogelwch cymunedol, gostwng troseddu a hyrwyddo adsefydlu. 

en-gb	The current Assembly inquiries into health and social care provision in Welsh prisons and mental health in policing and police custody  are further examples of concurrent responsibilities. 
cy-gb	Mae ymchwiliadau’r Cynulliad presennol i ddarparu gofal iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol mewn carchardai yng Nghymru ac iechyd meddwl yng nghyd-destun plismona a dalfa’r heddlu  yn enghreifftiau pellach o gyfrifoldebau cydredol. 

en-gb	We discuss this further at paragraphs 4.85  and following (in the context of the police) and in Part 5 of Chapter 4 (in the context of prisons).
cy-gb	Trafodwn hyn ymhellach ym mharagraffau 4.85 ac wedi hynny (yng nghyd-destun yr heddlu) ac yn Rhan 5 o Bennod 4 (yng nghyd-destun carchardai).

en-gb	 Assembly Health, Social Care and Sport Committee (2019) Mental health in policing and police custody and Provision of health and social care in the adult prison estate. 
cy-gb	 Pwyllgor Iechyd, Gofal Cymdeithasol a Chwaraeon y Cynulliad (2019) Iechyd meddwl yng nghyd-destun plismona a dalfa’r heddlu  a Darparu gofal iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol ar yr ystâd carchardai i oedolion. 

en-gb	2.31.3  Responsibilities for education extend to education for prisoners in Wales. 
cy-gb	2.31.3  Mae’r cyfrifoldebau am addysg yn ymestyn i addysg i garcharorion yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	Skills training is also a devolved function. 
cy-gb	Mae hyfforddiant sgiliau hefyd yn swyddogaeth ddatganoledig. 

en-gb	Both are essential for effective rehabilitation of offenders. 
cy-gb	Mae'r ddau beth yn hanfodol er mwyn adsefydlu troseddwyr yn effeithiol. 

en-gb	The Reforming Outcomes review  led by David Hanson MP for the Welsh Government (see paragraph 1.25 ) made a number of recommendations for improving joint working between the Welsh Government and the prison service to achieve better employment outcomes for ex-offenders . 
cy-gb	Gwnaeth yr adolygiad Diwygio Canlyniadau  a arweiniwyd gan David Hanson AS ar ran Llywodraeth Cymru (gweler paragraff 1.25 ) nifer o argymhellion ar gyfer gwella cydweithio rhwng Llywodraeth Cymru a’r gwasanaethau carchardai er mwyn sicrhau gwell canlyniadau cyflogaeth i gyn-droseddwyr . 

en-gb	2.31.4  The Welsh Government and the Police and Crime Commissioners, who set the level of local tax for policing, are responsible for the greater part of police funding, as we explain in paragraphs 4.94  and 4.95.
cy-gb	2.31.4  Mae Llywodraeth Cymru a Chomisiynwyr yr Heddlu a Throseddu, sy’n pennu lefel y dreth leol ar gyfer plismona, yn gyfrifol am y rhan fwyaf o gyllid yr heddlu, fel yr esboniwn ym mharagraff 4.94  ac 4.95.

en-gb	2.31.5  Housing and the prevention of homelessness is another area which is vital to reducing crime and to the resettlement of exoffenders. 
cy-gb	2.31.5  Mae tai ac atal digartrefedd yn faes arall sy’n hanfodol i  ostwng troseddu ac ailsefydlu cyn-droseddwyr. 

en-gb	Welsh legislation and guidance on priority housing needs is directly relevant to their needs .
cy-gb	Mae deddfwriaeth a chanllawiau Cymru ar anghenion tai â blaenoriaeth yn uniongyrchol berthnasol i’w hanghenion .

en-gb	 WS070 Dr Iolo Madoc-Jones, Dr Wulf Livingston and Dr Caroline Hughes: 
cy-gb	 WS070 Dr Iolo Madoc-Jones, Dr Wulf Livingston a Dr Caroline Hughes: 

en-gb	3. 
cy-gb	3. 

en-gb	153  Government of Wales Act 2006, S60.
cy-gb	153  Deddf Llywodraeth Cymru 2006, A60.

en-gb	2.31.6  The Welsh Government also has a general power to promote well-being 153  which it has used to take action in areas relevant to justice, as well as promoting legislation aimed at preventing harm or violence. 
cy-gb	2.31.6  Mae gan Lywodraeth Cymru bŵer cyffredinol hefyd i hyrwyddo llesiant 153  y mae wedi ei ddefnyddio i weithredu mewn meysydd sy’n berthnasol i gyfiawnder, yn ogystal â hyrwyddo deddfwriaeth sydd wedi'i hanelu at atal niwed neu drais. 

en-gb	We describe this further action in Chapter 4, paragraphs 4.179,  4.196,  4.202,  4.271,  4.277  and following.
cy-gb	Disgrifiwn y camau gweithredu pellach hyn ym Mhennod 4, paragraffau 4.179 , 4.196 , 4.202 , 4.271  ac wedi hynny. 

en-gb	2.31.7  Welsh legislation established the Public Services Ombudsman for Wales, whose remit covers devolved public services in Wales. 
cy-gb	2.31.7  Sefydlodd deddfwriaeth Cymru Ombwdsmon Gwasanaethau Cyhoeddus Cymru, y mae ei gylch gwaith yn cwmpasu gwasanaethau cyhoeddus datganoledig yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	The Ombudsman plays an important role in administrative justice – see paragraph 6.51  and following. 
cy-gb	Mae’r Ombwdsmon yn chwarae rhan bwysig ym maes cyfiawnder gweinyddol – gweler paragraff 6.51 ac wedi hynny. 

en-gb	Although there is a Children’s Commissioner for Wales, the view has been expressed that the Children’s Commissioner for Wales cannot oversee the position of children in the criminal justice system in Wales as justice is not devolved and the Children’s Commissioner for England has no jurisdiction  in Wales.
cy-gb	Er bod Comisiynydd Plant i Gymru, mynegwyd y farn nad yw Comisiynydd Plant Cymru yn gallu goruchwylio sefyllfa plant yn y system cyfiawnder troseddol yng Nghymru gan nad yw cyfiawnder wedi’i ddatganoli ac nad oes gan Gomisiynydd Plant Lloegr awdurdodaeth yng Nghymru .

en-gb	 Plotnikoff, J and Woolfson, R (2019) Falling short? 
cy-gb	 Plotnikoff, J a Woolfson, R (2019) Falling short? 

en-gb	A snapshot of young witness policy and practice. 155  Government of Wales Act 2006, s.77 and 79.
cy-gb	A snapshot of young witness policy and practice. 2.31.8  

en-gb	2.31.8  Welsh policy and legislation have emphasised prevention, collaboration and the promotion of rights. 
cy-gb	Mae polisi a deddfwriaeth Cymru wedi rhoi pwyslais ar atal, cydweithio a hyrwyddo hawliau. 

en-gb	The Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014 (the Social Services Act), for example, extended to bodies exercising functions under that Act (in practice, local authority social services) a duty to have regard to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child as well as the UN Principles for Older Persons. 
cy-gb	Gwnaeth Deddf Gwasanaethau Cymdeithasol a Llesiant (Cymru) 2014 (y Ddeddf Gwasanaethau Cymdeithasol), er enghraifft, ymestyn dyletswydd i gyrff sy’n arfer swyddogaethau o dan y Ddeddf honno (yn ymarferol, gwasanaethau cymdeithasol awdurdodau lleol) i roi sylw i Gonfensiwn y Cenhedloedd Unedig ar Hawliau’r Plentyn yn ogystal ag Egwyddorion y Cenhedloedd Unedig i Bobl Hŷn. 

en-gb	The Assembly and subsequently the Welsh Government have distinct duties in respect of promoting equality and sustainable development 155  which have influenced their approach to policy and legislation.
cy-gb	Mae gan y Cynulliad ac yna Lywodraeth Cymru ddyletswyddau penodol mewn perthynas â hyrwyddo cydraddoldeb a datblygu cynaliadwy  sydd wedi dylanwadu ar eu hymagwedd tuag at bolisi a deddfwriaeth.

en-gb	2.31.9  As well as having responsibility for social care policy and support for children and families, the Welsh Government assumed responsibility for the work of Cafcass in Wales as a result of the UK Children Act 2004 . 
cy-gb	2.31.9  Yn ogystal â bod yn gyfrifol am bolisi gofal cymdeithasol a chymorth i blant a theuluoedd, daeth Llywodraeth Cymru yn gyfrifol am waith Cafcass yng Nghymru o ganlyniad i Ddeddf Plant 2004 y DU 156 . 

en-gb	These are integral to the justice system, specifically in relation to the very significant issue of taking children into local authority care. 
cy-gb	Mae'r rhain yn hanfodol i'r system gyfiawnder, yn benodol mewn perthynas â mater hynod arwyddocaol rhoi plant yng ngofal yr awdurdod lleol. 

en-gb	We consider this in the context of family justice in Chapter 7.
cy-gb	Ystyriwn hyn yng nghyd-destun cyfiawnder teuluol ym Mhennod 7. 

en-gb	2.31.10  Economic development is an important responsibility of the Welsh Government. 
cy-gb	2.31.10  Mae datblygu economaidd yn gyfrifoldeb pwysig i Lywodraeth Cymru. 

en-gb	The economic action plan, Prosperity for All , highlights the need for a high-quality skills base, digitalisation, innovation in procurement and promoting Wales globally, while tackling regional inequalities. 
cy-gb	Mae’r cynllun gweithredu economaidd, “Ffyniant i Bawb ”  157 , yn tynnu sylw at yr angen am sylfaen sgiliau o ansawdd da, digideiddio, arloesi wrth gaffael a hyrwyddo Cymru yn fyd-eang, a mynd i’r afael ag anghydraddoldebau rhanbarthol ar yr un pryd. 

en-gb	A vibrant legal sector integrated into the economy is key to economic prosperity. 
cy-gb	Mae sector cyfreithiol bywiog sydd wedi'i integreiddio â'r economi yn allweddol i ffyniant economaidd. 

en-gb	These issues are discussed in various parts of Chapter 9.
cy-gb	Trafodir y materion hyn mewn gwahanol rannau  o Bennod 9.

en-gb	2.31.11  Welsh policy and legislation on the Welsh language has continued to develop, with current strategy setting the aim of a million Welsh speakers by 2050 158 . 
cy-gb	2.31.11  Mae polisi a deddfwriaeth Cymru ar y Gymraeg wedi parhau i ddatblygu, gyda’r strategaeth bresennol yn gosod y nod o sicrhau miliwn o siaradwyr Cymraeg erbyn 2050 158 . 

en-gb	This is particularly relevant to the ability to uphold rights in court through the use of the Welsh language and to legal education, given that one of the strategy’s main objectives is to ensure that fewer young people lose their Welsh language skills when moving to further or higher education. 
cy-gb	Mae hyn yn berthnasol iawn i allu cynnal hawliau yn y llys drwy'r defnydd o'r Gymraeg ac i addysg gyfreithiol, o ystyried mai un o brif amcanion y strategaeth yw sicrhau bod llai o bobl ifanc yn colli eu sgiliau Cymraeg wrth symud i addysg bellach neu uwch.

en-gb	2.32 An attempt has been made by the UK and Welsh Governments to mitigate the effects of the complexity by agreeing in March 2018 a concordat on arrangements for consultation and cooperation, based  on the Memorandum of Understanding referred to at paragraph  2.20  above. 
cy-gb	2.32 Mae Llywodraeth San Steffan a Llywodraeth Cymru wedi ceisio lliniaru effeithiau'r cymhlethdod drwy gytuno, ym mis Mawrth 2018, ar goncordat ar drefniadau ymgynghori a chydweithio, yn seiliedig ar y Memorandwm Cyd-ddealltwriaeth y cyfeirir ato ym mharagraff  2.20  uchod. 

en-gb	2.33 However, as it evident from the following chapters of our report the concordat does not really address the problems or provide a sustainable or long-term solution to the effect of separating justice  from other devolved fields. 
cy-gb	2.33 Fodd bynnag, fel sy'n amlwg o'r penodau canlynol yn ein hadroddiad, nid yw'r concordat yn mynd i'r afael â'r problemau mewn gwirionedd nac yn darparu ateb cynaliadwy na hirdymor i effaith gwahanu cyfiawnder o feysydd datganoledig eraill. 

en-gb	In practice, the actions of the Assembly  and the Welsh Government which are directly relevant to justice go wider than this 159 .
cy-gb	Yn ymarferol, mae gweithredoedd y Cynulliad a Llywodraeth Cymru sy’n uniongyrchol berthnasol i gyfiawnder yn ehangach na hyn 159 .

en-gb	2. the law applicable in Wales
cy-gb	2. y gyfraith sy’n gymwys yng nghymru

en-gb	2.34 
cy-gb	2.34 

en-gb	The complexity is also evident in the law which is applicable in Wales. 
cy-gb	Mae'r cymhlethdod hefyd yn amlwg yn y gyfraith sy'n gymwys yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	It consists of: 
cy-gb	Mae'n cynnwys: 

en-gb	primary and secondary legislation made by the Assembly and      the Welsh Ministers 160 ; 
cy-gb	1. deddfwriaeth sylfaenol ac is-ddeddfwriaeth a lunnir gan y    Cynulliad a Gweinidogion Cymru 160 , 

en-gb	Welsh Government (2017) Cymraeg 2050: 
cy-gb	Llywodraeth Cymru (2017) Cymraeg 2050: 

en-gb	Welsh language strategy.
cy-gb	strategaeth y Gymraeg.

en-gb	159 
cy-gb	159 

en-gb	Pritchard, H (2016) Justice in Wales: 
cy-gb	Pritchard, H (2016) Justice in Wales: 

en-gb	Principles, Progress and Next Steps.
cy-gb	Principles, Progress and Next Steps.

en-gb	EU law is also applicable, either directly or by virtue of implementation of further Welsh legislation.
cy-gb	160  Mae cyfraith yr UE hefyd yn gymwys, naill ai'n uniongyrchol neu drwy rinwedd gweithredu deddfwriaeth bellach ar gyfer Cymru.

en-gb	161  The UK Parliament will “not normally” legislate in devolved areas without the relevant devolved institution having passed a legislative  consent motion.
cy-gb	 Ni fydd Senedd y DU "fel arfer" yn deddfu mewn meysydd datganoledig heb fod y sefydliad datganoledig perthnasol wedi pasio cynnig  cydsyniad deddfwriaethol.

en-gb	2.35 The term Welsh law is frequently used to refer to legislation made in Wales by the Assembly and the Welsh Ministers and decisions of the courts and tribunals which interpret that legislation. 
cy-gb	Defnyddir y term "cyfraith Cymru" yn aml i gyfeirio at ddeddfwriaeth a wnaed yng Nghymru gan y Cynulliad a Gweinidogion Cymru a phenderfyniadau’r llysoedd a’r tribiwnlysoedd sy’n dehongli’r ddeddfwriaeth honno. 

en-gb	This extends to any future legislation made by the Assembly and the Welsh Ministers  within devolved competence. 
cy-gb	Mae hyn yn ymestyn i unrhyw ddeddfwriaeth yn y dyfodol a wneir gan y Cynulliad a Gweinidogion Cymru o fewn cymwyseddau datganoledig. 

en-gb	We adopt this usage of Welsh law in  the report . 
cy-gb	Rydym yn mabwysiadu’r defnydd hwn o gyfraith Cymru yn yr adroddiad . 

en-gb	The Legislation (Wales) Act 2019  provides a definition of Welsh Law at s.1(3). 
cy-gb	 Rhydd Deddf Deddfwriaeth (Cymru) 2019 ddiffiniad o Gyfraith Cymru yn a.1(3). 

en-gb	2.36 The Wales Act 2017 recognises Welsh law and specifies that the law which applies in Wales includes “ a body of Welsh law made by the Assembly and the Welsh Ministers ”. 
cy-gb	Mae Deddf Cymru 2017 yn cydnabod cyfraith Cymru ac yn nodi bod y gyfraith sy’n gymwys yng Nghymru yn cynnwys “a body of Welsh law made by the Assembly and the Welsh Ministers”. 

en-gb	However, it also provides that the body of law made by the Assembly and the Welsh Ministers forms part of “ the law of England and Wales ” . This is despite the fact that Assembly Acts apply only in relation to Wales and some Acts of the UK Parliament apply only to England .
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, mae hefyd yn darparu bod y corff o gyfreithiau a wneir gan y Cynulliad a Gweinidogion Cymru yn rhan o gyfraith Cymru a Lloegr , a hynny er gwaetha’r ffaith bod Deddfau’r Cynulliad ond yn gymwys mewn perthynas â Chymru a bod rhai o Ddeddfau Senedd y DU yn gymwys i Loegr yn unig .

en-gb	Wales Act 2017  s.1 A2.
cy-gb	Deddf Cymru 2017  a.1 A2.

en-gb	 Watkin, T, with Greenberg, D (2018) Legislating for Wales.
cy-gb	 Watkin, T, gyda Greenberg, D (2018) Legislating for Wales.

en-gb	2.37 From the first phase of devolution in 1998, the Assembly and, since 2007, the Welsh Ministers have exercised legislative competence in relation to a broad range of policy areas, making over 6,000 pieces of subordinate legislation since 1999.
cy-gb	O gam cyntaf datganoli yn 1998, mae’r Cynulliad ac, ers 2007, Weinidogion Cymru wedi arfer cymhwysedd deddfwriaethol mewn perthynas ag amrywiaeth eang o feysydd polisi, gan wneud dros 6,000 o ddarnau o is-ddeddfwriaeth ers 1999.

en-gb	2.38 Between 2012 and September 2019 the Assembly passed 41 Assembly Acts on a wide range of topics, including seven Acts relating to housing, six relating to education and 10 relating to health and social services, as well as substantial Acts on planning, the environment and taxation. 
cy-gb	Rhwng 2012 a mis Medi 2019 pasiodd y Cynulliad 41 o Ddeddfau’r Cynulliad ar amrywiaeth eang o bynciau, gan gynnwys saith Deddf yn ymwneud â thai, chwech yn ymwneud ag addysg a 10 yn ymwneud ag iechyd a gwasanaethau cymdeithasol, yn ogystal â Deddfau sylweddol ar gynllunio, yr amgylchedd a threthiant. 

en-gb	This is in addition to 22 Assembly Measures passed between 2008 and 2011. 
cy-gb	Mae hyn yn ychwanegol at y 22 o Fesurau’r Cynulliad a basiwyd rhwng 2008 a 2011. 

en-gb	In 2016, the Law Commission reported “ it has become meaningful to speak of Welsh law as a living system for the first time since the Act of Union in the mid sixteenth century ” .
cy-gb	Yn 2016, dywedodd Comisiwn y Gyfraith “ mae wedi dod yn ystyrlon sôn am gyfraith Cymru fel system fyw o gyfraith am y tro cyntaf ers y Deddfau Uno yng nghanol yr unfed ganrif ar bymtheg” .

en-gb	 Law Commission of England and Wales (2016) Form and accessibility of the Law Applicable in Wales. 
cy-gb	 Comisiwn y Gyfraith Cymru a Lloegr (2016)  Ffurf a hygyrchedd y Gyfraith sy’n Gymwys yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	2.39 As set out in paragraph 1.13,  the Future Generations Act requires public bodies in Wales to think about the long-term impact of their decisions, to work better with people, communities and each other, and to work to prevent persistent problems such as poverty, health inequalities and climate change. 
cy-gb	Fel y nodir ym mharagraff 1.13 , mae Deddf Cenedlaethau’r Dyfodol yn ei gwneud yn ofynnol i gyrff cyhoeddus yng Nghymru feddwl am effaith hirdymor eu penderfyniadau, gweithio gyda phobl, cymunedau a’i gilydd yn well, a gweithio i atal problemau mynych megis tlodi, anghydraddoldebau iechyd a newid yn yr hinsawdd. 

en-gb	Further to this, in November 2018, Welsh Ministers commissioned research on options to strengthen and advance  equality and human rights in Wales, including considering how UN conventions might be incorporated into Welsh law, enacting the  socio-economic duty and strengthening existing regulations and guidance.   
cy-gb	At hyn, ym mis Tachwedd 2018, comisiynodd Gweinidogion Cymru ymchwil i opsiynau i gryfhau a hyrwyddo cydraddoldeb a hawliau dynol yng Nghymru, gan gynnwys ystyried sut y gellid corffori confensiynau’r Cenhedloedd Unedig yng nghyfraith Cymru, gan droi’r ddyletswydd economaiddgymdeithasol yn ddeddf a chryfhau rheoliadau a chanllawiau sy’n bodoli eisoes. 

en-gb	Subsequently, the First Minister announced in January 2019 that the Welsh Government would bring the socio-economic duty into effect (section one of the Equality Act 2010) before the end of 2019.
cy-gb	Wedyn, cyhoeddodd y Prif Weinidog ym mis Ionawr 2019 y byddai Llywodraeth Cymru yn dwyn i rym y ddyletswydd economaiddgymdeithasol (adran un o Ddeddf Cydraddoldeb 2010) cyn diwedd 2019.

en-gb	2.40 Following Brexit, it is expected that powers in devolved areas which are currently bound by EU law will return to Cardiff unless the UK Government passes regulations under the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 to place restrictions relating to retained EU Law on the Assembly’s legislative competence.
cy-gb	Ar ôl Brexit, disgwylir y bydd pwerau mewn meysydd datganoledig sydd wedi’u cyfyngu ar hyn o bryd gan gyfraith yr UE yn dychwelyd i Gaerdydd oni fydd Llywodraeth y DU yn pasio rheoliadau o dan Ddeddf yr Undeb Ewropeaidd (Ymadael) 2018 i osod cyfyngiadau mewn perthynas â Chyfraith yr UE a ddargedwir ar gymhwysedd deddfwriaethol y Cynulliad. 

en-gb	2.41  There is an increasing amount of primary legislation passed by the UK Parliament that applies only to England. 
cy-gb	Mae Senedd y DU yn pasio swm cynyddol o ddeddfwriaeth sylfaenol sy’n gymwys i Loegr yn unig. 

en-gb	In policy areas devolved to Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, the UK Parliament has essentially become a Parliament for England only in these areas 166 . 
cy-gb	Yn y meysydd polisi sydd wedi’u datganoli i Gymru, yr Alban a Gogledd Iwerddon, mae Senedd y DU, yn y bôn, wedi dod yn Senedd i Loegr yn unig yn y meysydd hyn 166 . 

en-gb	In October 2015, the House of Commons approved changes to its Standing Orders to give effect to English Votes for English Laws. 
cy-gb	Ym mis Hydref 2015, cymeradwyodd Tŷ’r Cyffredin newidiadau i’w Reolau Sefydlog a roddodd Bleidleisiau Lloegr ar Gyfreithiau Lloegr ar waith. 

en-gb	The English Votes for English Laws process ensures that legislation that affects England only is approved by a majority of MPs representing English constituencies.  
cy-gb	Mae proses Pleidleisiau Lloegr ar Gyfreithiau Lloegr yn sicrhau bod deddfwriaeth sy’n effeithio ar Loegr yn unig yn cael ei chymeradwyo gan ASau sy’n cynrychioli etholaethau yn Lloegr.  

en-gb	3. reserved powers and general restrictions under the current devolution scheme
cy-gb	Pwerau a gedwir yn ôl a chyfyngiadau cyffredinol o dan y drefn ddatganoli bresennol

en-gb	2.42 
cy-gb	2.42 

en-gb	The move to a reserved powers model of devolution in 2017 did nothing to address issues of complexity, lack of understanding and poor accountability. 
cy-gb	Ni wnaeth y penderfyniad i gyflwyno model datganoli cadw pwerau yn 2017 helpu i fynd i'r afael â'r cymhlethdod, y diffyg dealltwriaeth na'r lefel wael o atebolrwydd. 

en-gb	It simply dealt with the complexity from a different starting point. 
cy-gb	Ymdrin â’r cymhlethdod o fan cychwyn gwahanol yn unig a wnaeth. 

en-gb	Consequently, it resulted in a very long list of reserved matters and detailed restrictions on the Assembly’s legislative competence in place of the detailed provisions of the earlier  legislation conferring the Assembly’s legislative competence 167 .
cy-gb	O ganlyniad, arweiniodd at restr hir iawn o faterion a gedwir yn ôl a chyfyngiadau manwl ar gymhwysedd deddfwriaethol y Cynulliad yn lle darpariaethau manwl y ddeddfwriaeth gynharach a roddodd gymhwysedd deddfwriaethol y Cynulliad 167 . 

en-gb	2.43 
cy-gb	2.43 

en-gb	The complexity of the devolution scheme in Wales has led to references to the UK Supreme Court in relation to three Bills in as many years 168 . 
cy-gb	Mae cymhlethdod y drefn ddatganoli yng Nghymru wedi arwain at gyfeirio materion at Goruchaf Lys y DU mewn perthynas â thri Bil mewn tair blynedd 168 . 

en-gb	This has occurred because the scheme of devolution enables the UK Government through the Attorney General, or the Welsh Government through the Counsel General, to refer an Assembly Bill to the Supreme Court for a period of four weeks after the Bill is passed. 
cy-gb	Digwyddodd hyn am fod y drefn ddatganoli yn galluogi Llywodraeth y DU drwy’r Twrnai Cyffredinol, neu Lywodraeth Cymru drwy’r Cwnsler Cyffredinol, i gyfeirio Bil gan y Cynulliad at y Goruchaf Lys am gyfnod o bedair wythnos ar ôl i’r Bil gael ei basio. 

en-gb	The Supreme Court then determines whether the Bill is within the competence of the Assembly. If it is not, the Bill will not receive  Royal Assent. 
cy-gb	Yna, mae’r Goruchaf Lys yn penderfynu p’un a yw’r Bil o fewn cymhwysedd y Cynulliad. Os nad yw o fewn cymhwysedd y Cynulliad, ni fydd y Bil yn derbyn Cydsyniad Brenhinol. 

en-gb	2.44 The complexity in the overall operation of the UK constitution is reflected in the fact that despite Wales moving to a similar reserved powers system of devolution to that in Scotland and Northern Ireland, there are major differences in the list of matters reserved to Westminster regarding Wales as compared to the other two legislatures. 
cy-gb	Adlewyrchir cymhlethdod gweithrediad cyffredinol cyfansoddiad y DU gan y ffaith, er bod Cymru yn symud i system cadw pwerau o ddatganoli sy’n debyg i’r hyn a geir yn yr Alban a Gogledd Iwerddon, fod gwahaniaethau mawr yn y rhestr o faterion a gedwir yn ôl i San Steffan o ran Cymru o gymharu â’r ddwy ddeddfwrfa arall. 

en-gb	The Government of Wales Act 2006 as amended contains 44 pages of reservations and restrictions, compared with 17 pages in the Scotland Act 1998. 
cy-gb	Mae Deddf Llywodraeth Cymru 2006 fel y’i diwygiwyd yn cynnwys 44 o dudalennau o gyfyngiadau a materion a gedwir yn ôl, o gymharu â 17 o dudalennau yn Neddf yr Alban 1998. 

en-gb	There are general reservations (or, in the case of Northern Ireland, excepted matters ) common to all three devolution schemes, such as the constitution, international relations and defence. 
cy-gb	Mae materion cyffredinol a gedwir yn ôl (neu, yn achos Gogledd Iwerddon, materion eithriedig 169 ) yn gyffredin i’r tair trefn ddatganoli, megis y cyfansoddiad, cysylltiadau rhyngwladol ac amddiffyn. 

en-gb	2.45 However, only in the Government of Wales Act 2006 do the following general reservations now appear, under the heading “Single legal jurisdiction of England and Wales”: 
cy-gb	2.45 Fodd bynnag, dim ond yn Neddf Llywodraeth Cymru 2006 y mae’r materion cyffredinol canlynol a gedwir yn ôl bellach yn ymddangos, o dan y pennawd “Single legal jurisdiction of England and Wales”: 

en-gb	courts; judges; civil and criminal proceedings; pardons for criminal offences; private international law; and judicial review of administrative matters .
cy-gb	courts; judges; civil and criminal proceedings; pardons for criminal offences; private international law; and judicial review of administrative matters .

en-gb	2.46 The exceptions to these reservations are the functions of Cafcass Cymru 170  and provision for the prosecution of offences created by devolved legislation. 
cy-gb	2.46 Yr eithriadau i’r materion hyn a gedwir yn ôl yw swyddogaethau Cafcass Cymru  a darpariaeth ar gyfer erlyn troseddau a grëwyd gan ddeddfwriaeth ddatganoledig . 

en-gb	Legislation on tribunals is reserved to the UK Parliament, apart from tribunals relating to devolved subjects. 
cy-gb	Cedwir deddfwriaeth ar dribiwnlysoedd yn ôl i Senedd y DU, ar wahân i dribiwnlysoedd sy’n ymwneud â phynciau datganoledig. 

en-gb	2.47 Although some specific reservations, such as immigration, national security, money laundering, firearms and misuse of drugs, apply to all the devolved legislatures, there are additional reservations on justice which apply only to the Welsh legislature and add yet further to the complexity. 
cy-gb	2.47 Er bod rhai materion penodol a gedwir yn ôl, megis mewnfudo, diogelwch gwladol, gwyngalchu arian, arfau tanio a chamddefnyddio cyffuriau, yn gymwys i bob un o’r deddfwrfeydd datganoledig, ceir materion ychwanegol a gedwir yn ôl ym maes cyfiawnder sydd ond yn gymwys i ddeddfwrfa Cymru ac sy’n ychwanegu ymhellach at y cymhlethdod. 

en-gb	The additional reservations listed in the Government of Wales Act 2006 include:
cy-gb	Mae'r materion ychwanegol a gedwir yn ôl a restrir yn Neddf Llywodraeth Cymru 2006 yn cynnwys: 

en-gb	court surveillance by persons exercising public functions; the prevention, detection and investigation of crime; maintenance of public order; policing and police and crime commissioners; dangerous dogs, anti-social behaviour; modern slavery and prostitution; rehabilitation of offenders; criminal records; poisons and knives; private security; late night refreshment; the sale and supply of alcohol  ; charities; courts, judges, civil and criminal proceedings; legal profession, legal services and claims management; legal aid; coroners; arbitration; mental capacity; public records; compensation of those affected by crime and miscarriage of justice; prisons and offender management; family relationships and children; gender recognition and; the registration of births, deaths and places  of worship  .
cy-gb	court surveillance by persons exercising public functions; the prevention, detection and investigation of crime; maintenance of public order; policing and police and crime commissioners; dangerous dogs, anti-social behaviour; modern slavery and prostitution; rehabilitation of offenders; criminal records; poisons and knives; private security; late night refreshment; the sale and supply of alcohol; charities; courts, judges, civil and criminal proceedings; legal profession, legal services and claims management; legal aid; coroners; arbitration; mental capacity; public records; compensation of those affected by crime and miscarriage of justice; prisons and offender management; family relationships and children; gender recognition and; the registration of births, deaths and places of worship  .

en-gb	 House of Commons (2019) Briefing Paper, Reserved matters in the United Kingdom. 
cy-gb	 Tyˆ 'r Cyffredin (2019) Briefing Paper, Reserved matters in the United Kingdom. 

en-gb	2.48 The disparity in the Welsh schemes of devolution is further  exemplified by Schedule 7B to the Government of Wales Act 2006 which lists a number of general restrictions on the Assembly’s legislative competence with regard to private and criminal law which are not replicated for either Scotland or Northern Ireland. 
cy-gb	2.48 Enghraifft arall o’r gwahaniaeth yn nhrefn ddatganoli Cymru yw Atodlen 7B i Ddeddf Llywodraeth Cymru 2006 sy’n rhestru nifer o gyfyngiadau cyffredinol ar gymhwysedd deddfwriaethol y Cynulliad o ran cyfraith breifat a throseddol nad ydynt yn gymwys i’r Alban na Gogledd Iwerddon. 

en-gb	An Act of  the Assembly cannot:
cy-gb	Ni all Deddf Cynulliad:

en-gb	2.48.1  Modify private law unless it is for a devolved purpose. 
cy-gb	2.48.1  Addasu cyfraith breifat oni fydd at ddiben datganoledig. 

en-gb	“The private law” for the purposes of the Act means the law of contract, agency, bailment, tort, unjust enrichment and restitution, property, trusts and succession. 
cy-gb	Ystyr "cyfraith breifat" at ddibenion y Ddeddf yw cyfraith contract, asiantaeth, mechniadau, camwedd, cyfoethogi anghyfiawn ac adfer, eiddo, ymddiriedolaethau ac etifeddiad. 

en-gb	As housing law is devolved, the Assembly passed legislation in 2016 that will establish a new regime between landlords and tenants in the private rented sector. 
cy-gb	Gan fod cyfraith tai wedi’i datganoli, pasiodd y Cynulliad ddeddfwriaeth yn 2016 a fydd yn sefydlu trefniadau newydd rhwng landlordiaid a thenantiaid yn y sector rhentu preifat. 

en-gb	When in force, probably in 2021, it will change private law . 
cy-gb	Pan ddaw i rym, yn 2021 fwy na thebyg, bydd yn newid cyfraith breifat . 

en-gb	Para 5.9 .
cy-gb	Para 5.9.

en-gb	2.48.2  Create or modify certain many categories of criminal offences (listed in the Act) including homicide offences and all the major offences against the person, sexual offences, and offences dealt with by the Perjury Act 1911. 
cy-gb	2.48.2  Creu nac addasu categorïau penodol o droseddau (a restrir yn y Ddeddf) gan gynnwys troseddau dynladdiad a phob prif drosedd gorfforol, troseddau rhywiol, a throseddau yr ymdrinnir â hwy o dan Ddeddf Anudon 1911. 

en-gb	The Assembly has, however, considered a Bill to change the criminal law by removing the criminal defence of reasonable chastisement on children. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, mae’r Cynulliad wedi ystyried Bil i newid cyfraith droseddol drwy ddileu amddiffyniad troseddol cosb resymol i blant.

en-gb	2.48.3  Modify the law about criminal responsibility and capacity, the meaning of intention, recklessness and dishonesty and other mental elements of offences, inchoate and secondary criminal liability, or sentences and other orders and disposals in respect of defendants in criminal proceedings, or otherwise in respect of criminal conduct, and their effect and operation. 
cy-gb	2.48.3  Addasu’r gyfraith ynglŷn â chyfrifoldeb a galluogrwydd troseddol, ystyr bwriad, dihidrwydd ac anonestrwydd, ac elfennau meddyliol eraill troseddau, atebolrwydd troseddol cychwynnol ac eilaidd, na dedfrydau a gorchmynion a phenderfyniadau eraill mewn perthynas â diffynyddion mewn achosion troseddol, nac fel arall mewn perthynas ag ymddygiad troseddol, a’u heffaith a’u gweithrediad. 

en-gb	As we explain in Part 5 of Chapter 4, one of the consequences is that Wales cannot adapt penal policy to reflect an approach aligned with its social welfare and health policies.
cy-gb	Fel yr esboniwn yn Rhan 5 o Bennod 4, un o’r canlyniadau yw na all Cymru addasu polisi cosbi i adlewyrchu dull gweithredu sy’n gyson â'i pholisïau lles cymdeithasol ac iechyd.

en-gb	2.49 The long list of reserved areas and restrictions has created what is called the “jagged edge” – the complex and sometimes interwoven issues at the interface between devolved and non devolved matters . 
cy-gb	2.49 Mae’r rhestr hir o feysydd a gedwir yn ôl a chyfyngiadau wedi creu’r hyn a elwir yn ‘ffin amrwd’ – y materion cymhleth sydd weithiau wedi’u cydblethu â’i gilydd ar y rhyngwyneb rhwng materion datganoledig ac annatganoledig . 

en-gb	As we have set out in paragraph 2.47  and is shown in subsequent chapters, despite the fact that most of the powers in respect of policing and justice are not devolved, the Welsh Government does play a crucial role in these areas but has no real say in overall policy or expenditure. 
cy-gb	Fel y nodwn ym mharagraff 2.47 ac mewn penodau dilynol, er nad yw’r rhan fwyaf o’r pwerau mewn perthynas â phlismona a chyfiawnder wedi’u datganoli, mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn chwarae rhan hollbwysig yn y meysydd hyn ond ni chaiff unrhyw ddylanwad gwirioneddol o ran materion polisi na gwariant cyffredinol. 

en-gb	 op cit n.94: 
cy-gb	 op cit n.94: 

en-gb	11.
cy-gb	11.

en-gb	Part 3: 
cy-gb	Rhan 3: 

en-gb	Court and tribunal system in Wales 
cy-gb	y system llysoedd a thribiwnlysoedd yng nghymru 

en-gb	2.50 There has been no devolution of powers in respect of the courts and most of the tribunals that sit in Wales. 
cy-gb	2.50 Ni ddatganolwyd unrhyw bwerau mewn perthynas â’r llysoedd na'r rhan fwyaf o’r tribiwnlysoedd sy’n eistedd yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	It is necessary for us therefore to describe the court and tribunal system as it operates in Wales in the wider context of the United Kingdom and England and Wales.
cy-gb	Felly, mae angen i ni ddisgrifio’r system llysoedd a thribiwnlysoedd fel y mae’n gweithredu yng Nghymru yng nghyd-destun ehangach y Deyrnas Unedig a Chymru a Lloegr.

en-gb	1. the Courts
cy-gb	1. y Llysoedd

en-gb	2.51  As we set out at paragraph 2.13,  the courts of Wales became part of a fully integrated system with the courts of England in 1830. 
cy-gb	2.51  Fel y nodwn ym mharagraff 2.13 , daeth llysoedd Cymru yn rhan o system gwbl integredig â llysoedd Lloegr yn 1830. 

en-gb	Since then, the courts of the United Kingdom and England and Wales have undergone a number of reorganisations. 
cy-gb	Ers hynny, mae llysoedd y Deyrnas Unedig a Chymru a Lloegr wedi cael eu had-drefnu sawl gwaith. 

en-gb	The present structure is  as follows:
cy-gb	Mae’r strwythur presennol fel a ganlyn:

en-gb	the supreme Court
cy-gb	a)  y Goruchaf Lys

en-gb	At the apex of the legal system is the Supreme Court. 
cy-gb	2.52 Ar frig y system gyfreithiol mae’r Goruchaf Lys. 

en-gb	This was established in 2009 by transferring the supreme appellate jurisdiction for the UK as a whole from the appellate committee of the House of Lords to the Supreme Court as a separate and distinct body. 
cy-gb	Fe’i sefydlwyd yn 2009 drwy drosglwyddo’r awdurdodaeth apeliadol oruchaf ar gyfer y DU gyfan o bwyllgor apeliadol Tŷ’r Arglwyddi i’r Goruchaf Lys fel corff penodol, ar wahân. 

en-gb	It primarily sits in London, but has sat in Edinburgh, Belfast, and in July 2019  in Cardiff.
cy-gb	Mae’n eistedd yn Llundain yn bennaf, ond mae  wedi eistedd yng Nghaeredin, Belfast, ac ym mis Gorffennaf 2019  yng Nghaerdydd.

en-gb	The Supreme Court consists of 12 justices. 
cy-gb	2.53 Mae’r Goruchaf Lys yn cynnwys 12 o ustusiaid. 

en-gb	Two of the justices are appointed from the Scottish judiciary or from eminent Scottish lawyers. 
cy-gb	Penodir dau o’r ustusiaid o farnwriaeth yr Alban neu o blith cyfreithwyr blaenllaw o’r Alban. 

en-gb	One is appointed from the judiciary of Northern Ireland or from eminent lawyers from Northern Ireland. 
cy-gb	Penodir un o farnwriaeth Gogledd Iwerddon neu o blith cyfreithwyr blaenllaw o Ogledd Iwerddon. 

en-gb	The other justices are drawn from the judiciary of England and Wales or from eminent lawyers.
cy-gb	Daw’r ustusiaid eraill o farnwriaeth Cymru a Lloegr neu o blith cyfreithwyr blaenllaw.

en-gb	In contradistinction to Scotland and Northern Ireland, there does not have to be a Welsh Judge as of right. 
cy-gb	2.54 Mewn gwrthgyferbyniad â’r Alban a Gogledd Iwerddon, nid oes rhaid bod Barnwr o Gymru fel hawl. 

en-gb	From the Supreme Court’s establishment in 2009 until 2017, there was no Welsh member of the Supreme Court. 
cy-gb	Ers sefydlu’r Goruchaf Lys yn 2009 tan 2017, ni fu aelod o Gymru o’r Goruchaf Lys. 

en-gb	In 2017, a justice who is Welsh was appointed to the Supreme Court.
cy-gb	Yn 2017, penodwyd ustus o Gymru i’r Goruchaf Lys.

en-gb	the courts and tribunals of the united Kingdom and its nations 
cy-gb	b)  Llysoedd a thribiwnlysoedd y Deyrnas unedig a’i gwledydd 

en-gb	2.55 The UK has a complicated judicial structure. 
cy-gb	2.55 Mae gan y DU strwythur barnwrol cymhleth. 

en-gb	It has developed incrementally:
cy-gb	Mae wedi datblygu  fesul tipyn:

en-gb	Scotland has always had its own court system. 
cy-gb	2.55.1  Bu gan yr Alban ei system lysoedd ei hun erioed. 

en-gb	This continued after Scotland joined the Union with England in 1707. 
cy-gb	Parhaodd hyn ar ôl i’r Alban uno â Lloegr yn 1707. 

en-gb	Northern Ireland has had its own court system since 1921. 
cy-gb	Bu gan Ogledd Iwerddon ei system lysoedd ei hun ers 1921. 

en-gb	Each has a Court of Appeal, High Court and lower courts with their own judiciary headed respectively by the Lord President and the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland.
cy-gb	Mae gan bob un Lys Apêl, Uchel Lys a llysoedd is gyda’i barnwriaeth ei hun ac mae’r Arglwydd Lywydd yn bennaeth ar y naill ac Arglwydd Brif Ustus Gogledd Iwerddon yn bennaeth ar y llall.

en-gb	England and Wales share a Court of Appeal, High Court and lower courts; the judiciary of those courts is headed by the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales. 
cy-gb	2.55.2 Mae Cymru a Lloegr yn rhannu Llys Apêl, Uchel Lys a llysoedd is; Arglwydd Brif Ustus Cymru a Lloegr sy’n bennaeth ar farnwriaeth y llysoedd hynny. 

en-gb	Until 1998, the Lord Chief Justice had been known as the Lord Chief Justice of England. 
cy-gb	2.55.3  Tan 1998, gelwid yr Arglwydd Brif Ustus yn Arglwydd Brif Ustus Lloegr. 

en-gb	In 1998, Lord Bingham of Cornhill changed the title to that of the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales. 
cy-gb	Yn 1998, newidiodd yr Arglwydd Bingham o Cornhill y teitl i Arglwydd Brif Ustus Cymru a Lloegr. 

en-gb	There is in addition a system of tribunals. 
cy-gb	2.55.4  Ceir hefyd system dribiwnlysoedd. 

en-gb	Some have UK wide jurisdiction; some have jurisdiction over Great Britain; some have jurisdiction jointly over England and Wales; some have jurisdiction just in respect of England or Wales or Scotland or Northern Ireland. 
cy-gb	Mae awdurdodaeth rhai ohonynt yn ymestyn i’r DU gyfan; mae gan rai awdurdodaeth dros Brydain Fawr; mae gan rai awdurdodaeth ar y cyd dros Gymru a Lloegr; mae gan rai awdurdodaeth mewn perthynas â Chymru neu Loegr neu’r Alban neu Ogledd Iwerddon yn unig. 

en-gb	The Senior President of Tribunals is the head of the judiciary of the UK wide tribunals, the Great Britain tribunals, the England and Wales tribunals and the English tribunals. 
cy-gb	Uwch-Lywydd y Tribiwnlysoedd yw pennaeth barnwriaeth tribiwnlysoedd y DU gyfan, tribiwnlysoedd Prydain Fawr, tribiwnlysoedd Cymru a Lloegr a thribiwnlysoedd Lloegr. 

en-gb	The judiciary of the tribunals which have jurisdiction over certain matters in Wales (the Welsh tribunals) is headed by the President of Welsh Tribunals.
cy-gb	Llywydd Tribiwnlysoedd Cymru yw’r pennaeth ar y Tribiwnlysoedd sydd ag awdurdodaeth dros faterion penodol yng Nghymru (tribiwnlysoedd Cymru).

en-gb	the courts of england and Wales
cy-gb	c)  Llysoedd Cymru a Lloegr

en-gb	2.56 Judges of the Court of Appeal and the High Court of England and Wales are based in London. 
cy-gb	2.56 Mae Barnwyr y Llys Apêl ac Uchel Lys Cymru a Lloegr wedi’u lleoli yn Llundain. 

en-gb	These judges are usually referred to collectively as “the Senior Judiciary”. 
cy-gb	Fel arfer, cyfeirir at y barnwyr hyn ar y cyd fel "yr UwchFarnwriaeth". 

en-gb	Judges of the Court of Appeal are appointed from the ranks of serving High Court Judges. 
cy-gb	Penodir Barnwyr y Llys Apêl o blith Barnwyr yr Uchel Lys. 

en-gb	High Court Judges are usually appointed from the ranks of senior barristers and solicitors although some Senior Circuit Judges and Circuit Judges are promoted from time to time.
cy-gb	Fel arfer, penodir Barnwyr yr Uchel Lys o blith uwch-fargyfreithwyr ac uwch-gyfreithwyr ond caiff rhai Uwch-farnwyr Cylchdaith a Barnwyr Cylchdaith eu dyrchafu o bryd i’w gilydd.

en-gb	the Court of Appeal
cy-gb	d)  y Llys Apêl

en-gb	2.57 The Court of Appeal of England and Wales consists of a maximum of 39 judges who are known as Lord/Lady Justices of Appeal and the Lord Chief Justice, the Master of the Rolls, and the Heads of the three Divisions of the High Court. 
cy-gb	2.57 Mae Llys Apêl Cymru a Lloegr yn cynnwys hyd at 39 o farnwyr a elwir yn Arglwydd/Arglwyddes Ustus Apêl ynghyd â’r Arglwydd Brif Ustus, Meistr y Rholiau, a Phenaethiaid tair Adran yr Uchel Lys. 

en-gb	The Court of Appeal has two divisions; one division is concerned exclusively with appeals in criminal cases and is known as the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) of which the President is the Lord Chief Justice. 
cy-gb	Mae i’r Llys Apêl ddwy adran; mae un adran yn ymwneud ag apeliadau mewn achosion troseddol yn unig ac fe’i gelwir yn Llys Apêl (Adran Droseddol) ac mae’r Arglwydd Brif Ustus yn Llywydd arni. 

en-gb	The other division, the Civil Division, hears appeals from decisions in all other areas of law and is headed by the Master of the Rolls. 
cy-gb	Mae’r adran arall, yr Adran Sifil, yn gwrando apeliadau o benderfyniadau ym mhob maes cyfreithiol arall. Meistr y Rholiau sy’n bennaeth arni. 

en-gb	Most of the judges of the Court of Appeal hear appeals over a wide range of cases in different fields of law. 
cy-gb	Mae’r rhan fwyaf o farnwyr y Llys Apêl yn gwrando apeliadau dros amrywiaeth eang o achosion mewn meysydd cyfreithiol gwahanol. 

en-gb	A small number of the judges are more specialist and sit mainly upon appeals within their field of specific expertise.
cy-gb	Mae nifer bach o’r barnwyr yn fwy arbenigol ac yn gwrando apeliadau o fewn eu maes arbenigol penodol yn bennaf.

en-gb	There is currently one Lady Justice of Appeal who is Welsh by birth and one Lord Justice who is not Welsh by birth but who has a strong connection to Wales having been a Circuit and Senior Circuit Judge based in Wales. 
cy-gb	2.58 Ar hyn o bryd, mae un Arglwyddes Ustus Apêl sy'n Gymraes ac mae un Arglwydd Ustus nad yw’n Gymro ond sydd â chysylltiad cryf â Chymru ar ôl bod yn Farnwr Cylchdaith ac yn Uwch-farnwr Cylchdaith yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	In July 2019 it was announced that a High Court Judge with close links to Wales had been appointed.
cy-gb	Ym mis Gorffennaf 2019, cyhoeddwyd bod Barnwr yn yr Uchel Lys â chysylltiadau agos iawn â Chymru wedi’i benodi.

en-gb	Most Court of Appeal cases are heard in London. 
cy-gb	2.59 Gwrandewir y rhan fwyaf o achosion y Llys Apêl yn Llundain. 

en-gb	From about 1998, both Divisions of the Court of Appeal have sat in Wales at periodic intervals (usually in Cardiff or Swansea) to hear some appeals from cases which have been heard in Wales. 
cy-gb	Ers tua 1998, mae dwy Adran y Llys Apêl wedi eistedd yng Nghymru o bryd i’w gilydd (yng Nghaerdydd neu yn Abertawe fel arfer) i wrando rhai apeliadau o achosion a wrandawyd yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	We set out the sittings in Wales at paragraphs 4.163  and 5.36  respectively. 
cy-gb	Nodwn yr eisteddiadau yng Nghymru ym mharagraffau 4.163  a 5.36  ac yn. 

en-gb	the high Court
cy-gb	e)  uchel Lys Cymru a Lloegr 

en-gb	The High Court of England and Wales consists of a maximum of 109 judges. 
cy-gb	2.60 Mae Uchel Lys Cymru a Lloegr yn cynnwys hyd at 109 o farnwyr. 

en-gb	The High Court is composed of three divisions known as the Queen’s Bench Division, the Family Division and the Chancery Division. 
cy-gb	Mae’r Uchel Lys wedi’i rannu’n dair adran, sef Adran Mainc y Frenhines, yr Adran Deulu a’r Adran Siawnsri. 

en-gb	The Family Division, as its name indicates, hears cases about family issues, children and a range of related issues. 
cy-gb	Mae’r Adran Deulu, fel yr awgryma ei henw, yn gwrando achosion ynglŷn â materion teuluol, plant ac amrywiaeth o faterion cysylltiedig. 

en-gb	It is headed by the President of the Family Division. 
cy-gb	Llywydd yr Adran Deulu sy’n bennaeth arni. 

en-gb	The Chancery Division deals with cases relating to property and some business law. 
cy-gb	Mae’r Adran Siawnsri yn ymdrin ag achosion sy’n ymwneud ag eiddo a rhywfaint o gyfraith busnes. 

en-gb	It is headed by the Chancellor of the High Court. 
cy-gb	Canghellor yr Uchel Lys sy’n bennaeth arni. 

en-gb	Part of the Queen’s Bench Division (the Commercial Court, the Technology and Construction Court and the Admiralty Court) also deals with business law; these courts of the Queen’s Bench Division have been brought together with the Chancery Division to form the Property and Business Courts headed by the Chancellor of the High Court. 
cy-gb	Mae rhan o Adran Mainc y Frenhines (y Llys Masnachol, y Llys Technoleg ac Adeiladu a’r Morlys) hefyd yn ymdrin â chyfraith busnes; mae’r llysoedd hyn sy’n rhan o Adran Mainc y Frenhines wedi cael eu huno â’r Adran Siawnsri i ffurfio’r Llysoedd Eiddo a Busnes a Changhellor yr Uchel Lys sy’n bennaeth arnynt. 

en-gb	The Queen’s Bench Division also includes a wide range of courts that try other cases including the Administrative Court. 
cy-gb	Mae Adran Mainc y Frenhines hefyd yn cynnwys amrywiaeth eang o lysoedd, gan gynnwys y Llys Gweinyddol, sy’n rhoi achosion eraill ar brawf. 

en-gb	It is headed by the President of the Queen’s Bench Division. 
cy-gb	Llywydd Adran Mainc y Frenhines sy’n bennaeth arni. 

en-gb	All High Court Judges sit for periods of time in London, but most also sit on the six circuits into which England and Wales is divided. 
cy-gb	2.61  Mae pob Barnwr yn yr Uchel Lys yn eistedd am gyfnodau yn Llundain, ond mae’r rhan fwyaf hefyd yn eistedd ar chwe chylchdaith Cymru a Lloegr. 

en-gb	Five of the circuits are based upon geographical regions of England. 
cy-gb	Mae pump o’r cylchdeithiau yn seiliedig ar ranbarthau daearyddol Lloegr. 

en-gb	The sixth is the Wales circuit. 
cy-gb	Y chweched yw cylchdaith Cymru. 

en-gb	As we explained at paragraph 2.13,  Wales was within the Wales and Chester Circuit, but Chester was removed in 2006 to another circuit. 
cy-gb	Fel yr esboniwn ym mharagraff 2.13 , roedd Cymru arfer bod yn rhan o Gylchdaith Cymru a Chaer, ond symudwyd Caer i gylchdaith arall yn 2006. 

en-gb	Since then there has been a Circuit just for Wales . 
cy-gb	Ers hynny, bu Cylchdaith i Gymru yn unig . 

en-gb	Within the six circuits, High Court judges sit in the different court centres to hear the most serious and significant cases which arise outside London. 
cy-gb	O fewn y chwe chylchdaith, mae barnwyr yr Uchel Lys yn eistedd mewn canolfannau llys gwahanol i wrando’r achosion mwyaf difrifol ac arwyddocaol sy’n codi y tu allan i Lundain. 

en-gb	The Administrative Court in Wales is based in the Cardiff Civil and Family Justice Centre.
cy-gb	Mae’r Llys Gweinyddol yng Nghymru wedi’i leoli yng Nghanolfan Cyfiawnder Sifil a Theuluol Caerdydd.

en-gb	 Barristers in England and Wales still have a circuit called Wales and Chester.
cy-gb	 Mae gan fargyfreithwyr yng Nghymru a Lloegr gylchdaith o’r enw Cymru a Chaer o hyd.

en-gb	High Court Judges sat in courts in Wales for a total of 418 days in 201617 and 346 days in 2018-19 a reduction of 17%. 
cy-gb	2.62 Eisteddodd Barnwyr yr Uchel Lys mewn llysoedd yng Nghymru am gyfanswm o 418 diwrnod yn 2016-17 a 346 diwrnod yn 2018-19, sef gostyngiad o 17%. 

en-gb	It is not clear why this is so but amongst possible factors is the decline in very serious criminal cases in Wales and the demands in London for High Court Judges. 
cy-gb	Nid yw’n amlwg pam y digwyddodd hynny ond ymhlith y ffactorau posibl mae gostyngiad mewn achosion troseddol difrifol iawn yng Nghymru a’r galw yn Llundain am Farnwyr yr Uchel Lys.

en-gb	Currently there are five High Court Judges who are Welsh by birth and two others who have strong connections with the Wales Circuit.
cy-gb	2.63 Ar hyn o bryd, mae pum Barnwr yn yr Uchel Lys sy’n Gymry ac mae dau arall sydd â chysylltiadau cryf â Chylchdaith Cymru.

en-gb	Circuit Judges and District Judges
cy-gb	f)  Barnwyr Cylchdaith a Barnwyr Rhanbarth

en-gb	Senior Circuit Judges, Circuit Judges and District Judges sit in the courts located around England and Wales. 
cy-gb	2.64 Mae Uwch-farnwyr Cylchdaith, Barnwyr Cylchdaith a Barnwyr Rhanbarth yn eistedd yn y llysoedd sydd wedi’u lleoli ledled Cymru a Lloegr. 

en-gb	They are also appointed as judges of England and Wales. 
cy-gb	Cânt eu penodi’n farnwyr Cymru a Lloegr hefyd. 

en-gb	However, all Senior Circuit Judges, Circuit Judges and District Judges are deployed upon appointment to a circuit. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, defnyddir pob Uwch-farnwr Cylchdaith, Barnwr Cylchdaith a Barnwr Rhanbarth ar ôl ei benodi i gylchdaith. 

en-gb	Currently the Wales Circuit has four Senior Circuit Judges, 28 Circuit Judges, 26 District Judges who hear civil and family cases and six who hear criminal cases in the Magistrates Court.
cy-gb	Ar hyn o bryd, mae gan Gylchdaith Cymru bedwar Uwch-farnwr Cylchdaith, 28 o Farnwyr Cylchdaith, 26 o Farnwyr Rhanbarth sy’n gwrando achosion sifil a theuluol, a chwech sy’n gwrando achosion troseddol yn y Llys Ynadon.

en-gb	Most of these Circuit and District Judges undertake all of their judicial duties in Wales. 
cy-gb	2.65 Mae’r rhan fwyaf o’r Barnwyr Cylchdaith a’r Barnwyr Rhanbarth hyn yn ymgymryd â’u holl ddyletswyddau barnwrol yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	Occasionally, experienced Circuit and District Judges are asked to sit on other circuits. 
cy-gb	O bryd i’w gilydd, gofynnir i Farnwyr Cylchdaith a Barnwyr Rhanbarth profiadol eistedd ar gylchdeithiau eraill. 

en-gb	Senior Circuit Judges and a small number of Circuit Judges are authorised to sit either as Deputy High Court Judges or as additional Judges of the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division). 
cy-gb	Awdurdodir Uwch-farnwyr Cylchdaith a nifer bach o Farnwyr Cylchdaith i eistedd naill ai fel Dirprwy Farnwyr yn yr Uchel Lys neu fel Barnwyr ychwanegol yn y Llys Apêl (Adran Droseddol). 

en-gb	Three of the Senior Circuit Judges assigned to Wales are authorised to sit as Deputy High Court Judges. 
cy-gb	Awdurdodir tri o’r Uwch-farnwyr Cylchdaith sydd wedi’u neilltuo i Gymru i eistedd fel Dirprwy Farnwyr yn yr Uchel Lys. 

en-gb	The fourth, who is known as the Recorder of Cardiff, is authorised to sit as an additional Judge of the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division). 
cy-gb	Awdurdodir y pedwerydd, a elwir yn Gofiadur Caerdydd, i eistedd fel Barnwr ychwanegol yn y Llys Apêl (Adran Droseddol). 

en-gb	Six Circuit Judges assigned to Wales are authorised to sit as Deputy High Court Judges. 
cy-gb	Awdurdodir chwe Barnwr Cylchdaith sydd wedi’u neilltuo i Gymru i eistedd fel Dirprwy Farnwyr yn yr Uchel Lys. 

en-gb	Two are authorised to sit as additional Judges of the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division).
cy-gb	Awdurdodir dau i eistedd fel Barnwyr ychwanegol yn y Llys Apêl (Adran Droseddol).

en-gb	The Senior Circuit Judges, Circuit Judges and District Judges who are assigned to the Wales Circuit are usually, although not always, persons who have expressed an interest in being a judge in Wales and they are usually drawn from members of the professions who have practised  in Wales.
cy-gb	2.66 Mae’r Uwch-farnwyr Cylchdaith, y Barnwyr Cylchdaith a’r Barnwyr Rhanbarth sydd wedi’u neilltuo ar gyfer Cylchdaith Cymru fel arfer, ond nid bob amser, yn unigolion sydd wedi mynegi diddordeb mewn bod yn farnwr yng Nghymru ac fel arfer cânt eu penodi o blith aelodau’r proffesiynau sydd wedi ymarfer yng Nghymru.

en-gb	Fee paid judges
cy-gb	g)  Barnwyr y telir ffi iddynt

en-gb	2.67 Each of the levels of the judiciary to which we have referred is supplemented by practitioners who are appointed to sit for a number of days each year on a fee paid basis. 
cy-gb	2.67 Ategir pob un o lefelau’r farnwriaeth y cyfeiriwyd atynt gan ymarferwyr sy’n cael eu penodi i eistedd am nifer o ddiwrnodau bob blwyddyn ar sail ffi a delir. 

en-gb	When not sitting they carry on their practices as lawyers . 
cy-gb	Pan na fyddant yn eistedd, maent yn ymarfer fel cyfreithwyr . 

en-gb	 Most are known as Deputy Judges – those that sit as Deputy High Court Judges and those who sit as Deputy District Judges. 
cy-gb	 Gelwir y rhan fwyaf ohonynt yn Ddirprwy Farnwyr – y rhai sy’n eistedd fel Dirprwy Farnwyr yn yr Uchel Lys a’r rhai sy’n eistedd fel Dirprwy Farnwyr Rhanbarth. 

en-gb	However those who sit as Deputies for Circuit Judges are known as Recorders – a term not to be confused with the very senior judges such as the Recorder of Cardiff who are in charge of major criminal court centres.
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, gelwir y rhai sy’n eistedd fel Dirprwy Farnwyr Cylchdaith yn Gofiaduron – term na ddylid ei ddrysu â’r uwch-farnwyr mwyaf oll megis Cofiadur Caerdydd sy’n gyfrifol am ganolfannau llys troseddol mawr.

en-gb	the magistracy
cy-gb	h)  yr ynadaeth

en-gb	There are about 15,000 justices of the peace or magistrates in England and Wales who are lay persons and not lawyers but receive training to develop the necessary skills. 
cy-gb	2.68 Mae tua 15,000 o ynadon heddwch neu ynadon Nghymru a Lloegr sy’n bobl leyg nad ydynt yn gyfreithwyr ond sy’n cael hyfforddiant i ddatblygu’r sgiliau angenrheidiol. 

en-gb	They are unpaid volunteers who are recruited from the area served by the local Magistrates’ Court; the numbers have declined from 30,000 in 2009 . 
cy-gb	Gwirfoddolwyr di-dâl ydynt, sy’n cael eu recriwtio o’r ardal a wasanaethir gan y Llys Ynadon lleol; mae’r niferoedd wedi lleihau o 30,000 yn 2009 . 

en-gb	They sit normally in a panel of three in the magistrates Court and in the Family Court; they share the work with District Judges (Magistrates’ Court), who generally deal with the longer and more complex cases. 
cy-gb	Fel arfer, maent yn eistedd fel panel o dri yn y Llysoedd Ynadon ac yn y Llys Teulu; maent yn rhannu’r gwaith â Barnwyr Rhanbarth (y Llys Ynadon), sydd fel arfer yn ymdrin â’r achosion hirach a mwy cymhleth. 

en-gb	Magistrates are advised in court by a clerk who is a qualified lawyer. 
cy-gb	Caiff ynadon eu cynghori yn y llys gan glerc sy’n gyfreithiwr cymwysedig. 

en-gb	 Courts and Tribunals Judiciary (2018) Judicial Diversity Statistics. 
cy-gb	 Barnwriaeth y Llysoedd a'r Tribiwnlysoedd (2018) Judicial Diversity Statistics. 

en-gb	178  Para 4.60 et seq.
cy-gb	178  Para 4.60  et seq.

en-gb	Magistrates are appointed from communities across England and Wales. 
cy-gb	2.69 Penodir ynadon o gymunedau ledled Cymru a Lloegr. 

en-gb	They have a minimum sitting commitment and undergo training. 
cy-gb	Mae’n rhaid iddynt ymrwymo i isafswm o eisteddiadau a chael hyfforddiant. 

en-gb	55% of magistrates are aged 60 or above, 55% are female and 12% are BAME people 178 .
cy-gb	Mae 55% o ynadon yn 60 oed neu’n hŷn, mae 55% yn fenywod ac mae 12% yn bobl BAME 178 .

en-gb	There are 1,130 magistrates in Wales. 
cy-gb	2.70 Mae 1,130 o ynadon yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	The numbers have declined from 1,929 in 2009. 
cy-gb	Mae’r niferoedd wedi lleihau o 1,929 yn 2009. 

en-gb	Part of the reason has been a decline in the number of cases heard in magistrates’ courts (as we set out at paragraph 4.159 ) and in part by the very extensive closures of magistrates’ courts in Wales which we set out at paragraphs 8.5  and following.
cy-gb	Rhan o’r rheswm fu lleihad yn nifer yr achosion sy’n cael eu gwrando yn y llysoedd ynadon (fel y nodwn ym mharagraff 4.159 ) ac mae’n deillio’n rhannol o’r penderfyniad i gau llysoedd ynadon yng Nghymru ar raddfa helaeth iawn a nodwn ym mharagraffau 8.5  ac  wedi hynny.

en-gb	the organisation of the judiciary
cy-gb	i)  trefn y farnwriaeth

en-gb	The governance of the judiciary of England and Wales is carried out by the Lord Chief Justice through the Judicial Executive Board and the Judges’ Council. 
cy-gb	2.71  Llywodraethir barnwriaeth Cymru a Lloegr gan yr Arglwydd Brif Ustus drwy’r Bwrdd Gweithredol Barnwrol a Chyngor y Barnwyr. 

en-gb	There is a sub-committee of the Judges’ Council which has a responsibility for Wales.
cy-gb	Mae gan Gyngor y Barnwyr is-bwyllgor sydd â chyfrifoldeb am Gymru. 

en-gb	Some High Court Judges are appointed by the Lord Chief Justice to exercise responsibility for the judiciary and administration of justice on each circuit. 
cy-gb	2.72 Caiff rhai Barnwyr yn yr Uchel Lys eu penodi gan yr Arglwydd Brif Ustus i arfer cyfrifoldeb am y farnwriaeth a gweinyddu cyfiawnder ar bob cylchdaith. 

en-gb	The circuits generally have two Presiding Judges who have overall responsibility, a Supervising Judge for the Property and Business Courts, a Family Division Liaison Judge for the Family Court and a Queen’s Bench Liaison Judge for the Administrative Court. 
cy-gb	Fel arfer, mae gan y cylchdeithiau ddau Farnwr Llywyddol sydd â chyfrifoldeb cyffredinol, Barnwr sy’n Gorchwylio’r Llysoedd Eiddo a Busnes, Barnwr Cyswllt Adran Deulu ar gyfer y Llys Teulu a Barnwr Cyswllt Mainc y Frenhines ar gyfer y Llys Gweinyddol. 

en-gb	Since the post of the Presiding Judge was created in 1971, the majority of Presiding Judges for Wales and indeed all since 1998 have been Welsh by birth or with a close connection to Wales. 
cy-gb	Ers i swydd y Barnwr Llywyddol gael ei chreu yn 1971, mae’r mwyafrif o’r Barnwyr Llywyddol i Gymru ac yn wir bob un ers 1998 wedi bod yn Gymry neu wedi bod â chysylltiad agos â Chymru. 

en-gb	On each circuit, the day to day responsibilities for the overall management of cases is exercised by specific judges who are responsible for particular geographic areas within each circuit. 
cy-gb	2.73  Ar bob cylchdaith, caiff y cyfrifoldebau o ddydd i ddydd am reoli achosion yn gyffredinol eu harfer gan farnwyr penodol sy’n gyfrifol am ardaloedd daearyddol penodol ym mhob cylchdaith. 

en-gb	For criminal work, they are generally known as Resident Judges. 
cy-gb	Ar gyfer gwaith troseddol, fe’u gelwir yn Farnwyr Preswyl fel arfer. 

en-gb	For civil work, they are known as Designated Civil Judges. 
cy-gb	Ar gyfer gwaith sifil, fe’u gelwir yn Farnwyr Sifil Dynodedig. 

en-gb	For family work they are known as Designated Family Judges. 
cy-gb	Ar gyfer gwaith teuluol, fe’u gelwir yn Farnwyr Teulu Dynodedig. 

en-gb	For administrative work, they are known as Administrative Court Liaison Judges.
cy-gb	Ar gyfer gwaith gweinyddol, fe’u gelwir yn Farnwyr Cyswllt y Llys Gweinyddol. 

en-gb	2. tribunals 
cy-gb	2. tribiwnlysoedd 

en-gb	the uK, GB and england and Wales tribunals
cy-gb	a)  tribiwnlysoedd y Du, Prydain fawr a Chymru a Lloegr

en-gb	The UK tribunals, the GB tribunals and the England and Wales tribunals were established over the course of the 20th century to hear disputes between private individuals (or companies) and government departments, though there were some, such as the Employment Tribunals, that heard disputes between private individuals (or companies) and other individuals (or companies). 
cy-gb	2.74  Sefydlwyd tribiwnlysoedd y DU, tribiwnlysoedd Prydain Fawr a thribiwnlysoedd Cymru a Lloegr yn ystod yr 20fed ganrif i wrando anghydfodau rhwng unigolion (neu gwmnïau) preifat ac adrannau’r llywodraeth, ond roedd rhai, megis y Tribiwnlysoedd Cyflogaeth, yn gwrando anghydfodau rhwng unigolion (neu gwmnïau) preifat ac unigolion (neu gwmnïau) eraill. 

en-gb	The tribunals were generally sponsored and administered by the department of the UK Government with which they were most closely connected.
cy-gb	Fel arfer, roedd y tribiwnlysoedd yn cael eu noddi a’u gweinyddu gan yr adran o Lywodraeth y DU roeddent yn ymwneud agosaf â hi.

en-gb	After a review by Lord Justice Leggatt , the tribunals were separated from their sponsoring department in 2003 and given a separate judicial structure. 
cy-gb	2.75  Ar ôl adolygiad gan yr Arglwydd Ustus Leggatt , gwahanwyd y tribiwnlysoedd oddi wrth yr adran a oedd yn eu noddi yn 2003 a rhoddwyd strwythur barnwrol ar wahân iddynt. 

en-gb	A separate administration was created initially under the responsibility of the Ministry of Justice. 
cy-gb	Crëwyd gweinyddiaeth ar wahân i ddechrau o dan gyfrifoldeb y Weinyddiaeth Gyfiawnder. 

en-gb	The tribunals that heard different cases were grouped into Chambers and the Chambers divided into a Lower Tribunal that heard cases and an Upper Tribunal that heard appeals. 
cy-gb	Trefnwyd y tribiwnlysoedd a oedd yn gwrando achosion gwahanol yn Siambrau a rhannwyd y Siambrau yn Dribiwnlys Is a oedd yn gwrando achosion ac Uwch Dribiwnlys a oedd yn gwrando apeliadau. 

en-gb	The post of Senior President of Tribunals was created to head the tribunals judiciary. 
cy-gb	Crëwyd swydd Uwch-Lywydd y Tribiwnlysoedd i fod yn bennaeth ar farnwriaeth y tribiwnlysoedd.

en-gb	 Leggatt, A (2001) Tribunals for Users One System, One Service. 
cy-gb	 Leggatt, A (2001) Tribunals for Users One System, One Service. 

en-gb	Three of these tribunals sit in Wales to hear cases – the Employment Tribunal (see paragraph 5.24 ), the First-tier Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum) Chamber (see paragraph 6.32.1 ) and the First-tier Tribunal (Social Security and Child Support) Chamber (see paragraph 6.32.2 ). 
cy-gb	2.76 Mae tri o’r tribiwnlysoedd hyn yn eistedd yng Nghymru i wrando achosion - y Tribiwnlys Cyflogaeth (gweler paragraff 5.24 ), Siambr y Tribiwnlys Haen Gyntaf (Mewnfudo a Lloches) (gweler paragraff 6.32.1 ) a Siambr y Tribiwnlys Haen Gyntaf (Nawdd Cymdeithasol a Chynnal Plant) (gweler paragraff 6.32.2 ). 

en-gb	The judges of these tribunals are judges of the England and Wales tribunals judiciary headed by the Senior President of Tribunals. 
cy-gb	Mae barnwyr y tribiwnlysoedd hyn yn farnwyr barnwriaeth tribiwnlysoedd Cymru a Lloegr ac UwchLywydd y Tribiwnlysoedd sy’n bennaeth arnynt. 

en-gb	Each of these tribunals has full time salaried judges and a significant number of these judges are drawn from barristers, solicitors and academic lawyers based in Wales. 
cy-gb	Mae gan bob un o’r tribiwnlysoedd hyn farnwyr cyflogedig llawn amser a daw nifer sylweddol o’r barnwyr hyn o blith bargyfreithwyr, cyfreithwyr a chyfreithwyr academaidd sydd wedi’u lleoli yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	However, it is not uncommon for practitioners and academics from England to hold some of the judicial posts. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, nid yw’n beth anghyffredin i ymarferwyr ac academyddion o Loegr ddal rhai o’r swyddi barnwrol. 

en-gb	There are a number of fee paid judges who sit as Deputy Judges in the same way as in the courts. 
cy-gb	Mae nifer o farnwyr y telir ffi iddynt sy’n eistedd fel Dirprwy Farnwyr yn yr un modd ag sy’n digwydd yn y llysoedd. 

en-gb	In 2011 a Senior Tribunals Liaison Judge (Wales) was appointed. 
cy-gb	Yn 2011, penodwyd Uwch-Farnwr Cyswllt Tribiwnlysoedd (Cymru).

en-gb	the Welsh tribunals
cy-gb	b)  tribiwnlysoedd Cymru

en-gb	Under the system of administrative devolution prior to 1997 which we have described at paragraph 2.15,  as and when departmental responsibilities were transferred to the Secretary of State for Wales, the responsibility that any department had for sponsoring tribunals was similarly transferred. 
cy-gb	2.77  O dan y system datganoli gweinyddol cyn 1997 a ddisgrifiwn ym mharagraff 2.15 , pan drosglwyddwyd cyfrifoldebau adrannol i Ysgrifennydd Gwladol Cymru, trosglwyddwyd y cyfrifoldeb a oedd gan unrhyw adran am noddi tribiwnlysoedd yn yr un modd. 

en-gb	When the powers of the Secretary of State were transferred to the Assembly, Wales had five tribunals, currently known as the Agricultural Land Tribunal for Wales (see paragraph 5.30 ) which has 19 members, the Mental Health Review Tribunal for Wales (see paragraph 6.35 ) which has 114 members, the Residential Property 
cy-gb	Pan drosglwyddwyd pwerau’r Ysgrifennydd Gwladol i’r Cynulliad, roedd gan Gymru bum tribiwnlys, a elwir ar hyn o bryd yn Dribiwnlys Tir Amaethyddol Cymru (gweler paragraff 5.30 ) sydd â 19 o aelodau, Tribiwnlys Adolygu Iechyd Meddwl Cymru (gweler paragraff 6.35 ) sydd 

en-gb	Tribunal for Wales (see paragraph 5.31 ) which has 35 members, the Special Educational Needs Tribunal for Wales (see paragraph 6.36 ) which has 19 members and the Registered Inspectors of Schools Appeal Tribunal (see paragraph 6.37 ), which has the same membership as the Special Educational Needs Tribunal for Wales. 
cy-gb	â 114 o aelodau, Tribiwnlys Eiddo Preswyl Cymru (gweler paragraff 5.31 ) sydd â 35 o aelodau, Tribiwnlys Anghenion Addysgol Arbennig Cymru (gweler paragraff 6.36 ) sydd â 19 o aelodau a Thribiwnlys Apeliadau Arolygwyr Cofrestredig Ysgolion (gweler paragraff 6.37 ), sy’n rhannu’r un aelodaeth â Thribiwnlys Anghenion Addysgol Arbennig Cymru. 

en-gb	The Adjudication Panel for Wales (see paragraph 6.38 ) was established a year after devolution  and has 10 members. 
cy-gb	Sefydlwyd Panel Dyfarnu Cymru (gweler paragraff 6.38 ) flwyddyn ar ôl datganoli  ac mae ganddo 10 aelod. 

en-gb	The Local Government Act 2000 .
cy-gb	Deddf Llywodraeth Leol 2000.

en-gb	As these tribunals were separate from the UK, GB and England and Wales tribunals, they were not the subject of the Leggatt Review. 
cy-gb	2.78  Gan fod y tribiwnlysoedd hyn ar wahân i dribiwnlysoedd y DU, Prydain Fawr a Chymru a Lloegr, ni chawsant eu cynnwys yn Adolygiad Leggatt. 

en-gb	Consequently they were not grouped into Chambers, divided into an Upper and a Lower Tribunal, or provided with a distinct administration. 
cy-gb	O ganlyniad, ni chawsant eu trefnu’n Siambrau, eu rhannu’n Uwch Dribiwnlys ac yn Dribiwnlys Is, ac ni roddwyd gweinyddiaeth ar wahân iddynt. 

en-gb	No post of head of the Welsh tribunals judiciary was created. 
cy-gb	Ni chrëwyd swydd pennaeth ar farnwriaeth tribiwnlysoedd Cymru. 

en-gb	In 2015, the Welsh Language Tribunal was established and was the first tribunal to be established by the Assembly; we describe this at paragraphs 6.39  and 11.9 . 
cy-gb	2.79 Yn 2015, sefydlwyd Tribiwnlys y Gymraeg, sef y tribiwnlys cyntaf i’w sefydlu gan y Cynulliad; disgrifiwn hyn ym mharagraffau 6.39 ac 11.9 . 

en-gb	It has five members. 
cy-gb	Mae ganddo bum aelod. 

en-gb	Although the Assembly has passed laws that have changed the rights and obligations of those who live in Wales, no other tribunal has been established to deal with disputes in relation to them, as such disputes have been left for decision to the courts of England and Wales or to the Great Britain or England and Wales tribunals – see paragraphs 5.27  and 6.59.2. 
cy-gb	Er bod y Cynulliad wedi pasio deddfau sydd wedi newid hawliau a rhwymedigaethau’r rhai sy’n byw yng Nghymru, ni sefydlwyd unrhyw dribiwnlys arall i ymdrin ag anghydfodau mewn perthynas â hwy, gan mai llysoedd Cymru a Lloegr neu dribiwnlysoedd Prydain Fawr neu Gymru a Lloegr sydd wedi bod yn gyfrifol am benderfynu ar anghydfodau o’r fath – gweler paragraffau 5.27  a  6.59.2 .

en-gb	The Wales Act 2017, as we have mentioned at paragraph 2.27,   created the office of President of Welsh Tribunals as head of the  seven tribunals to which we have referred. 
cy-gb	2.80 Fel y soniwyd ym mharagraff 2.27 , o dan Ddeddf Cymru 2017, crëwyd swydd Llywydd Tribiwnlysoedd Cymru fel pennaeth ar y saith tribiwnlys y cyfeiriwyd atynt. 

en-gb	The Wales Act 2017 also  lays down a mechanism for creating more Welsh tribunals if it is  thought appropriate.
cy-gb	Mae Deddf Cymru 2017 hefyd yn gosod system i greu mwy o dribiwnlysoedd i Gymru os tybir bod hynny’n briodol.

en-gb	The President of Welsh Tribunals and the judges of the Welsh tribunals are judges of Wales alone. 
cy-gb	2.81  Mae Llywydd Tribiwnlysoedd Cymru a barnwyr tribiwnlysoedd Cymru yn farnwyr Cymru yn unig. 

en-gb	The President of Welsh Tribunals must be either a serving or retired member of the Senior Judiciary. 
cy-gb	Mae’n rhaid i Lywydd Tribiwnlysoedd Cymru fod naill ai’n aelod o’r uwch farnwriaeth ar hyn o bryd neu’n aelod wedi ymddeol. 

en-gb	The legally qualified judges of the Welsh tribunals are drawn from members of the legal professions of England and Wales and from employed and academic lawyers. 
cy-gb	Daw barnwyr tribiwnlysoedd Cymru sydd wedi ymgymhwyso yn y gyfraith o blith aelodau o broffesiynau cyfreithiol Cymru a Lloegr a chyfreithwyr cyflogedig ac academaidd. 

en-gb	With the exception of the President of the Mental Health Review Tribunal for Wales (who is a salaried judge) all the legally qualified judges are fee paid. 
cy-gb	Ac eithrio Llywydd Tribiwnlys Adolygu Iechyd Meddwl Cymru (sy’n farnwr cyflogedig) mae pob un o’r barnwyr sydd wedi ymgymhwyso yn y gyfraith yn rhai y telir ffi iddynt. 

en-gb	Although the majority of legally qualified judges are drawn from practitioners and academics based in Wales there are a number of judges who practise in England.
cy-gb	Er y daw’r mwyafrif o’r barnwyr sydd wedi ymgymhwyso yn y gyfraith o blith ymarferwyr ac academyddion sydd wedi’u lleoli yng Nghymru mae nifer o’r barnwyr yn ymarfer yn Lloegr.

en-gb	the administration of the courts and tribunals in england and Wales.
cy-gb	c)  Gweinyddu’r llysoedd a’r tribiwnlysoedd yng nghymru a Lloegr

en-gb	2.82 The administration of the courts of England and Wales, the England and Wales tribunals and the UK and GB tribunals is carried out by Her Majesty’s Courts and Tribunals Service (HMCTS). 
cy-gb	2.82 Gweinyddir llysoedd Cymru a Lloegr, tribiwnlysoedd Cymru a Lloegr a thribiwnlysoedd y DU a Phrydain Fawr gan Wasanaeth Llysoedd a Thribiwnlysoedd EM. 

en-gb	It is an agency  with a special constitutional status under the Framework Agreement which reflects the fact that the judiciary is the third branch of the state, independent of the legislature and the executive. 
cy-gb	Mae’n asiantaeth  ac iddi statws cyfansoddiadol arbennig o dan y Cytundeb Fframwaith sy’n adlewyrchu’r ffaith mai’r farnwriaeth yw trydedd gangen y wladwriaeth, yn annibynnol ar y ddeddfwrfa a’r weithrediaeth. 

en-gb	HMCTS is headed by a Board with an independent chairman and a chief executive. 
cy-gb	Arweinir Gwasanaeth Llysoedd a Thribiwnlysoedd EM gan Fwrdd sydd â chadeirydd annibynnol a phrif weithredwr. 

en-gb	They are jointly accountable to the Lord Chancellor, the Lord Chief Justice and the Senior President of Tribunals. 
cy-gb	Maent yn atebol ar y cyd i’r Arglwydd Ganghellor, yr Arglwydd Brif Ustus ac Uwch-Lywydd y Tribiwnlysoedd.

en-gb	 It is not an Executive Agency.
cy-gb	 Nid Asiantaeth Weithredol ydyw. 

en-gb	the administration of the Welsh tribunals
cy-gb	d)  Gweinyddu tribiwnlysoedd Cymru

en-gb	2.83 The Welsh tribunals are administered by a small team, the Welsh Tribunals Unit. 
cy-gb	2.83 Gweinyddir tribiwnlysoedd Cymru gan dîm bach, sef Uned Tribiwnlysoedd Cymru. 

en-gb	This has its own leadership structure. 
cy-gb	Mae ganddi ei strwythur arweinyddiaeth ei hun. 