en-gb	• using a range of technology during their play.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i ddefnyddio amrywiaeth o dechnoleg wrth chwarae.

en-gb	Learners need to be able to:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr allu:

en-gb	• use available digital equipment appropriately.
cy-gb	• defnyddio’r cyfarpar digidol sydd ar gael yn briodol.

en-gb	Cybersecurity
cy-gb	Seiberddiogelwch

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• keeping digital information safe and private.
cy-gb	• cadw gwybodaeth ddigidol yn ddiogel ac yn breifat.

en-gb	Progression step 2 
cy-gb	Cam cynnydd 2

en-gb	 Algorithms
cy-gb	Algorithmau

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• predicting the outcome of instructions
cy-gb	• rhagfynegi canlyniad cyfarwyddiadau

en-gb	• coding a simple programme to create and reﬁne a set of instructions through unplugged or ofﬂine activities
cy-gb	• codio rhaglen syml er mwyn creu a mireinio cyfres o gyfarwyddiadau drwy weithgareddau di-blwg neu all-lein

en-gb	• following an increasingly complex set of instructions.
cy-gb	• dilyn cyfres fwyfwy gymhleth o gyfarwyddiadau.

en-gb	Data
cy-gb	Data

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• inputting data into a computer system
cy-gb	• mewnbynnu data i system gyfriﬁadurol  

en-gb	• unplugged or ofﬂine activities that investigate the importance of accurate and reliable data.
cy-gb	• gweithgareddau di-blwg neu all-lein sy’n ymchwilio i bwysigrwydd data cywir a dibynadwy.

en-gb	Learners need to know:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod:

en-gb	• that data can be stored in different formats, e.g. databases, spreadsheets and tally charts.
cy-gb	• y gellir storio data mewn gwahanol fformatau, e.e. cronfeydd data, taenlenni a siartiau marciau rhifo.

en-gb	Learners need to be able to:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr allu:

en-gb	• collect and make sense of data gathered through hands-on investigations
cy-gb	• casglu a gwneud synnwyr o ddata a gasglwyd drwy ymchwiliadau ymarferol

en-gb	• analyse data by sorting and searching using a single criterion
cy-gb	 • dadansoddi data drwy drefnu a chwilio gan ddefnyddio un maen prawf 

en-gb	 • communicate data in a range of formats.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeu data mewn amrywiaeth o fformatau.

en-gb	Computational systems
cy-gb	Systemau cyfriﬁannol

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• using a range of technology during their play
cy-gb	• defnyddio amrywiaeth o dechnoleg wrth chwarae

en-gb	• programming simple components (such as motors, sensors and push-buttons), using a digital device to build and make something happen.
cy-gb	• rhaglennu cydrannau syml (megis moduron, synwyryddion a botymau gwthio), gan ddefnyddio dyfais ddigidol i adeiladu a pheri i rywbeth ddigwydd.

en-gb	Learners need to be able to:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr allu:

en-gb	• select and use available digital equipment appropriately.
cy-gb	• dethol a defnyddio’r cyfarpar digidol sydd ar gael yn briodol.

en-gb	Cybersecurity
cy-gb	Seiberddiogelwch

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• entering credentials.
cy-gb	• mewnbynnu manylion mewngofnodi.

en-gb	Learners need to know:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod:

en-gb	• that they need to keep some information safe.
cy-gb	• bod angen iddynt gadw rhai gwybodaeth yn ddiogel.

en-gb	Progression step 3
cy-gb	Cam cynnydd 3

en-gb	 Algorithms
cy-gb	Algorithmau

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• creating digital solutions, using both physical and virtual systems
cy-gb	• creu datrysiadau digidol gan ddefnyddio systemau fﬁsegol a systemau rhithwir

en-gb	• using machine-learning applications.
cy-gb	• defnyddio cymwysiadau dysgu drwy beiriant.

en-gb	Learners need to be able to:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr allu:

en-gb	• solve problems by applying the computational techniques of decomposition, abstraction, algorithmic thinking, programming and simulation, through the use of block and text-based languages
cy-gb	• datrys problemau drwy gymhwyso technegau cyfriﬁannol megis dadelfennu, echdynnu,  meddwl algorithmig, rhaglennu ac efelychu, drwy ddefnyddio iaith bloc ac iaith sy’n seiliedig ar destun

en-gb	• predict the outcome of sequences of instructions
cy-gb	• rhagfynegi canlyniad dilyniannau cyfarwyddiadau

en-gb	• detect and correct mistakes in their own and others’ algorithms.
cy-gb	• canfod a chywiro camgymeriadau yn eu halgorithmau eu hunain ac yn algorithmau eraill.

en-gb	Data
cy-gb	Data

en-gb	Learners need to know:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• that individuals, commercial companies and government agencies use data within algorithms
cy-gb	• y ffordd y mae unigolion, cwmnïau masnachol ac asiantaethau’r llywodraeth yn defnyddio data o fewn algorithmau

en-gb	• that data can be stored in different formats
cy-gb	• y gellir storio data mewn fformatau gwahanol

en-gb	• a range of appropriate methods to validate and verify data.
cy-gb	• amrywiaeth o ddulliau priodol er mwyn cadarnhau a dilysu data.

en-gb	Learners need to be able to:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr allu:

en-gb	• make informed decisions by using scientiﬁc methods to interrogate and analyse data
cy-gb	• gwneud penderfyniadau gwybodus drwy ddefnyddio dulliau gwyddonol i gwestiynu a dadansoddi data

en-gb	• collect then input data into a computer system
cy-gb	• casglu ac yna mewnbynnu data i mewn i system gyfriﬁadurol 

en-gb	• interrogate data by using multiple criteria and sorts
cy-gb	• cwestiynu data drwy ddefnyddio meini prawf a threfniadau lluosog 

en-gb	• communicate data in a range of appropriate formats
cy-gb	• cyﬂeu data mewn amrywiaeth o fformatau priodol

en-gb	• apply a range of appropriate methods to validate and verify data.
cy-gb	• cymhwyso amrywiaeth o ddulliau priodol er mwyn cadarnhau a dilysu data.

en-gb	Computational systems
cy-gb	Systemau cyfriﬁannol

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• experimenting with a range of devices that, when appropriate, use input sensors and physical outputs to create a solution.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i arbroﬁ ag amrywiaeth o ddyfeisiau sydd, lle y bo’n briodol, yn defnyddio synwyryddion mewnbynnu ac allbynnau fﬁsegol i greu datrysiad.

en-gb	Learners need to know:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod:

en-gb	• that the virtual and physical worlds connect
cy-gb	• bod cysylltiad rhwng y byd rhithwir a’r byd fﬁsegol

en-gb	• that computer systems can be used to solve real-world problems 
cy-gb	• y gellir defnyddio systemau cyfriﬁadurol i ddatrys problemau yn y byd go iawn 

en-gb	• that real-world data is represented inside a computer
cy-gb	• y caiff data o’r byd go iawn eu cynrychioli y tu mewn i gyfriﬁadur 

en-gb	• that sensors capture data about the real world
cy-gb	• bod synwyryddion yn adnabod data am y byd go iawn

en-gb	• that computers take input data, store it, process it, and output it as information.
cy-gb	• bod cyfriﬁaduron yn cymryd y data a fewnbynnir, yn eu storio, eu prosesu, a’u hallbynu ar ffurf gwybodaeth.

en-gb	Learners need to be able to:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr allu:

en-gb	• input data in a variety of ways, process it into information and present it in an appropriate format.
cy-gb	• mewnbynnu data mewn amrywiaeth o ffyrdd, eu prosesu i greu gwybodaeth a’u cyﬂwyno mewn fformat priodol.

en-gb	Cybersecurity
cy-gb	Seiberddiogelwch

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• simulating the communication process of a computer network and be able to describe vulnerabilities.
cy-gb	• efelychu proses gyfathrebu rhwydwaith cyfriﬁadurol ac i ddisgriﬁo’r mannau gwan.

en-gb	Learners need to know:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod:

en-gb	• about security methods that defend against personal, political and commercial cyber attacks
cy-gb	• am ddulliau diogelwch sy’n amddiffyn yn erbyn seiberymosodiadau personol, gwleidyddol a masnachol

en-gb	• about Wales’ contributions to the continual development and use of computational technologies, and their inﬂuence on Welsh affairs.
cy-gb	• am gyfraniadau Cymru at ddatblygiad parhaus technolegau cyfriﬁannol a’r defnydd a wneir ohonynt, a’u dylanwad ar faterion Cymreig.

en-gb	Learners need to be able to:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr allu:

en-gb	• base decisions about the use of computation on ethical and legal considerations
cy-gb	• seilio penderfyniadau ynghylch y defnydd o gyfriﬁaduron ar ystyriaethau moesegol a chyfreithiol

en-gb	 • manage computer system credentials responsibly
cy-gb	• rheoli manylion mewngofnodi systemau cyfriﬁadurol mewn modd cyfrifol 

en-gb	• describe the key parts of consent ownership and accountability of data
cy-gb	• disgriﬁo rhannau allweddol perchenogaeth cydsyniad ac atebolrwydd data 

en-gb	 • describe the vulnerabilities of a network.
cy-gb	• disgriﬁo mannau gwan rhwydwaith.

en-gb	Progression step 4
cy-gb	Cam cynnydd 4

en-gb	 Algorithms
cy-gb	Algorithmau

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• creating digital solutions, using both physical and virtual systems
cy-gb	• creu datrysiadau digidol, gan ddefnyddio systemau fﬁsegol a systemau rhithwir

en-gb	• constructing and critiquing
cy-gb	• adeiladu a beirniadu

en-gb	• using machine-learning applications.
cy-gb	• defnyddio cymwysiadau dysgu drwy beiriant.

en-gb	Learners need to be able to:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr allu:

en-gb	• solve problems by applying the computational techniques of decomposition, abstraction, algorithmic thinking, programming and simulation, through the use of block and text-based languages
cy-gb	• datrys problemau drwy gymhwyso technegau cyfriﬁannol megis dadelfennu, echdynnu,  meddwl algorithmig, rhaglennu ac efelychu, drwy ddefnyddio iaith bloc ac iaith sy’n seiliedig ar destun

en-gb	• develop applications by training a machine-learning engine
cy-gb	• datblygu cymwysiadau drwy hyfforddi dyfais ddysgu drwy beiriant

en-gb	• apply sophisticated validation methods to maintain the robustness and integrity of their systems
cy-gb	• cymhwyso dulliau dilysu sofﬁstigedig er mwyn sicrhau cadernid ac integriti eu systemau

en-gb	• predict the outcome of sequences of instructions
cy-gb	• rhagfynegi canlyniad dilyniannau cyfarwyddiadau

en-gb	• detect and correct mistakes in their own and others’ algorithms.
cy-gb	• canfod a chywiro camgymeriadau yn eu halgorithmau eu hunain ac yn algorithmau eraill.

en-gb	Data
cy-gb	Data

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• using different data types in appropriate software applications
cy-gb	• defnyddio gwahanol fathau o ddata mewn cymwysiadau meddalwedd priodol

en-gb	• analysing and evaluating the appropriate use of data types and structures in programs.
cy-gb	• dadansoddi a gwerthuso’r defnydd priodol o fathau o ddata a strwythurau mewn rhaglenni.

en-gb	Learners need to know:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod:

en-gb	• how individuals, commercial companies and government agencies use data within algorithms
cy-gb	• am y ffordd y mae unigolion, cwmnïau masnachol ac asiantaethau’r llywodraeth yn defnyddio data o fewn algorithmau

en-gb	• that computer systems depend on reliable data and that there are methods that can be used to ensure data integrity
cy-gb	• bod angen data dibynadwy ar systemau cyfriﬁadurol a bod dulliau y gellir eu defnyddio i sicrhau integriti data

en-gb	• that data can be collected and used in ethical and unethical ways 
cy-gb	• y gellir casglu a defnyddio data mewn ffyrdd moesegol ac anfoesegol 

en-gb	• that data can be stored in different formats
cy-gb	• y gellir storio data mewn fformatau gwahanol

en-gb	• a range of appropriate methods to validate and verify data.
cy-gb	• amrywiaeth o ddulliau priodol i gadarnhau a dilysu data.

en-gb	Learners need to be able to:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr allu:

en-gb	• make informed decisions by using scientiﬁc methods to interrogate and analyse data
cy-gb	• gwneud penderfyniadau gwybodus drwy ddefnyddio dulliau gwyddonol i gwestiynu a dadansoddi data

en-gb	• collect then input data into a computer system
cy-gb	• casglu ac yna mewnbynnu data i mewn i system gyfriﬁadurol 

en-gb	• interrogate data by using multiple criteria and sorts
cy-gb	• cwestiynu data drwy ddefnyddio meini prawf a threfniadau lluosog

en-gb	• communicate data in a range of appropriate formats
cy-gb	 • cyﬂeu data mewn amrywiaeth o fformatau priodol

en-gb	• use program code to extract (echdynnu) and interrogate data
cy-gb	• defnyddio cod rhaglen er mwyn echdynnu (extract) data a’u cwestiynu

en-gb	• apply a range of appropriate methods to validate and verify data.
cy-gb	• cymhwyso amrywiaeth o ddulliau priodol er mwyn cadarnhau a dilysu data.

en-gb	Computational systems
cy-gb	Systemau cyfriﬁannol

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• using a range of components
cy-gb	• defnyddio amrywiaeth o gydrannau

en-gb	• applying code to control components 
cy-gb	• cymhwyso cod er mwyn rheoli cydrannau

en-gb	• creating and using a testing plan.
cy-gb	• creu a defnyddio cynllun proﬁ.

en-gb	Learners need to know:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod:

en-gb	• how the virtual and physical worlds connect
cy-gb	• am y cysylltiad rhwng y byd rhithwir a’r byd fﬁsegol

en-gb	• how computer systems solve real-world problems
cy-gb	• sut y mae systemau cyfriﬁadurol yn datrys problemau yn y byd go iawn 

en-gb	• how real-world data is represented inside a computer
cy-gb	• sut y caiff data o’r byd go iawn eu cynrychioli y tu mewn i gyfriﬁadur 

en-gb	 • how sensors capture data about the real world
cy-gb	• sut mae synwyryddion yn casglu data am y byd go iawn

en-gb	• how computers take input data, store it, process it, and output it as information.
cy-gb	• sut mae cyfriﬁaduron yn cymryd y data a fewnbynnir, yn eu storio, eu prosesu, a’u hallbynu ar ffurf gwybodaeth.

en-gb	Learners need to be able to:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr allu:

en-gb	• select and use a range of components to create a system that fulﬁls a brief
cy-gb	• dewis a defnyddio amrywiaeth o gydrannau i greu system sy’n cyﬂawni briff

en-gb	• develop, reﬁne and evaluate a system that fulﬁls a brief, and do so collaboratively and independently
cy-gb	• datblygu, mireinio a gwerthuso system sy’n cyﬂawni briff, ar y cyd ac yn annibynnol 

en-gb	• explain and justify their design decisions.
cy-gb	• egluro a chyﬁawnhau eu penderfyniadau dylunio.

en-gb	Cybersecurity
cy-gb	Seiberddiogelwch

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• detecting and mitigating cyber attacks
cy-gb	• canfod a lliniaru seiberymosodiadau

en-gb	• simulating the communication process of a computer network.
cy-gb	• efelychu proses gyfathrebu rhwydwaith cyfriﬁadurol.

en-gb	Learners need to know:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod:

en-gb	• about security methods in order to defend against personal, political and commercial cyber attacks
cy-gb	• am ddulliau diogelwch er mwyn amddiffyn yn erbyn seiberymosodiadau personol, gwleidyddol a masnachol

en-gb	• about Wales’ contributions to the continual development and use of computational technologies, and their inﬂuence on Welsh affairs.
cy-gb	• am gyfraniadau Cymru at ddatblygiad parhaus technolegau cyfriﬁannol a’r defnydd a wneir ohonynt, a’u dylanwad ar faterion Cymreig.

en-gb	Learners need to be able to:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr allu:

en-gb	• base decisions about the use of computation on ethical and legal considerations
cy-gb	• seilio penderfyniadau ynghylch y defnydd o gyfriﬁaduron ar ystyriaethau moesegol a chyfreithiol

en-gb	• manage computer system credentials responsibly
cy-gb	• rheoli manylion cofnodi systemau cyfriﬁadurol mewn modd cyfrifol 

en-gb	• describe the key parts of consent ownership and accountability of data
cy-gb	• disgriﬁo rhannau allweddol perchenogaeth cydsyniad ac atebolrwydd data

en-gb	 • describe the vulnerabilities of systems and networks.
cy-gb	 • disgriﬁo mannau gwan systemau a rhwydweithiau.

en-gb	Progression step 5
cy-gb	Cam cynnydd 5

en-gb	 Algorithms
cy-gb	Algorithmau

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• creating digital solutions using both physical and virtual systems
cy-gb	• creu datrysiadau digidol gan ddefnyddio systemau fﬁsegol a systemau rhithwir

en-gb	• constructing and critiquing
cy-gb	• adeiladu a beirniadu

en-gb	• using machine-learning applications
cy-gb	• defnyddio cymwysiadau dysgu drwy beiriant

en-gb	• opportunities to debate the ethical and societal issues of machine learning.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i drafod y materion moesegol a chymdeithasol sy’n gysylltiedig â dysgu drwy beiriant.

en-gb	Learners need to know:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod:

en-gb	• the ways in which machine learning works.
cy-gb	• sut mae dysgu drwy beiriant yn gweithio.

en-gb	Learners need to be able to:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr allu:

en-gb	• solve problems by applying the computational techniques of decomposition, abstraction, algorithmic thinking, programming and simulation, through the use of block and text-based languages
cy-gb	• datrys problemau drwy gymhwyso technegau cyfriﬁannol megis dadelfennu, echdynnu,  meddwl algorithmig, rhaglennu ac efelychu, drwy ddefnyddio iaith bloc ac iaith sy’n seiliedig ar destun

en-gb	• develop applications by training a machine-learning engine
cy-gb	• datblygu cymwysiadau drwy hyfforddi dyfais ddysgu drwy beiriant

en-gb	• apply sophisticated validation methods to maintain the robustness and integrity of their systems
cy-gb	• cymhwyso dulliau dilysu sofﬁstigedig er mwyn sicrhau cadernid ac integriti eu systemau

en-gb	• predict the outcome of sequences of instructions
cy-gb	• rhagfynegi canlyniad dilyniannau cyfarwyddiadau

en-gb	• detect and correct mistakes in their own and others’ algorithms.
cy-gb	• canfod a chywiro camgymeriadau yn eu halgorithmau eu hunain ac yn algorithmau eraill.

en-gb	Data
cy-gb	Data

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• using different data types in appropriate software applications
cy-gb	• defnyddio gwahanol fathau o ddata mewn cymwysiadau meddalwedd priodol

en-gb	• analysing and evaluating the appropriate use of data types and structures in programs.
cy-gb	• dadansoddi a gwerthuso’r defnydd priodol o fathau o ddata a strwythurau mewn rhaglenni.

en-gb	Learners need to know:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod:

en-gb	• how individuals, commercial companies and government agencies use data within algorithms
cy-gb	• y ffordd y mae unigolion, cwmnïau masnachol ac asiantaethau’r llywodraeth yn defnyddio data o fewn algorithmau

en-gb	• that computer systems depend on reliable data and that there are methods that can be used to ensure data integrity
cy-gb	• bod angen data dibynadwy ar systemau cyfriﬁadurol a’r dulliau y gellir eu defnyddio i sicrhau integriti data

en-gb	• that data can be collected and used in ethical and unethical ways
cy-gb	• y gellir casglu a defnyddio data mewn ffyrdd moesegol ac anfoesegol 

en-gb	 • that data can be stored in different formats
cy-gb	• y gellir storio data mewn fformatau gwahanol

en-gb	• a range of appropriate methods to validate and verify data.
cy-gb	• amrywiaeth o ddulliau priodol er mwyn cadarnhau a dilysu data.

en-gb	Learners need to be able to:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr allu:

en-gb	• make informed decisions by using scientiﬁc methods to interrogate and analyse data
cy-gb	• gwneud penderfyniadau gwybodus drwy ddefnyddio dulliau gwyddonol i gwestiynu a dadansoddi data

en-gb	• collect then input data into a computer system
cy-gb	• casglu ac yna mewnbynnu data i mewn i system gyfriﬁadurol 

en-gb	• interrogate data by using multiple criteria and sorts
cy-gb	• cwestiynu data drwy ddefnyddio meini prawf a threfniadau lluosog 

en-gb	• communicate data in a range of appropriate formats
cy-gb	• cyﬂeu data mewn amrywiaeth o fformatau priodol

en-gb	• use program code to extract (echdynnu) and interrogate data
cy-gb	• defnyddio cod rhaglen er mwyn echdynnu (extract) data a’u cwestiynu

en-gb	• apply a range of appropriate methods to validate and verify data.
cy-gb	• cymhwyso amrywiaeth o ddulliau priodol er mwyn cadarnhau a dilysu data.

en-gb	Computational systems
cy-gb	Systemau cyfriﬁannol

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• using a range of interacting components 
cy-gb	• defnyddio amrywiaeth o gydrannau sy’n rhyngweithio

en-gb	• applying code to control components
cy-gb	 • cymhwyso cod er mwyn rheoli cydrannau 

en-gb	• creating and using a testing plan
cy-gb	• creu a defnyddio cynllun proﬁ

en-gb	• designing a brief from an identiﬁed need
cy-gb	• dylunio briff ar sail angen a nodwyd

en-gb	• identifying the computational requirements and restrictions of the need
cy-gb	• adnabod gofynion cyfriﬁannol a chyfyngiadau’r angen

en-gb	 • different roles within a project team.
cy-gb	• gwahanol rolau o fewn tîm prosiect.

en-gb	Learners need to know:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod:

en-gb	• how the virtual and physical worlds interact
cy-gb	• sut mae’r byd rhithwir a’r byd fﬁsegol yn rhyngweithio

en-gb	• how computer systems solve real-world problems 
cy-gb	• sut mae systemau cyfriﬁadurol yn datrys problemau yn y byd go iawn 

en-gb	• how real-world data is represented inside a computer 
cy-gb	• sut caiff data o’r byd go iawn eu cynrychioli mewn cyfriﬁadur 

en-gb	• how sensors capture data about the real world
cy-gb	• sut mae synwyryddion yn casglu data am y byd go iawn

en-gb	• how computers take input data, store it, process it, and output it as information 
cy-gb	• sut mae cyfriﬁaduron yn cymryd y data a fewnbynnir, yn eu storio, eu prosesu,a’u hallbynnu ar ffurf gwybodaeth

en-gb	• the computational constraints of projects
cy-gb	• cyfyngiadau cyfriﬁannol prosiectau

en-gb	• the constraints of the skills within project teams.
cy-gb	• cyfyngiadau’r sgiliau o fewn timau prosiect.

en-gb	Learners need to be able to:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr allu:

en-gb	• work as a team to use computation to solve a problem within their community.
cy-gb	• gweithio fel tîm er mwyn defnyddio dulliau cyfriﬁannol i ddatrys problem yn eu cymuned.

en-gb	Cybersecurity
cy-gb	Seiberddiogelwch

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• detecting and mitigating cyber attacks
cy-gb	• canfod a lliniaru seiberymosodiadau

en-gb	• simulating the communication process of a computer network and be able to describe vulnerabilities.
cy-gb	• efelychu proses gyfathrebu rhwydwaith cyfriﬁadurol a disgriﬁo’r mannau gwan.

en-gb	Learners need to know:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod:

en-gb	• about security methods in order to defend against personal, political and commercial cyber attacks
cy-gb	• am ddulliau diogelwch er mwyn amddiffyn yn erbyn seiberymosodiadau personol, gwleidyddol a masnachol

en-gb	• about Wales’ contributions to the continual development and use of computational technologies, and their inﬂuence on Welsh affairs.
cy-gb	• am gyfraniadau Cymru at ddatblygiad parhaus technolegau cyfriﬁannol a’r defnydd a wneir ohonynt, a’u dylanwad ar faterion Cymreig.

en-gb	Learners need to be able to:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr allu:

en-gb	• base decisions on ethical and legal considerations in relation to the use of computation
cy-gb	• seilio penderfyniadau ar ystyriaethau moesegol a chyfreithiol mewn perthynas â dulliau cyfriﬁannol

en-gb	• defend against online attacks
cy-gb	• amddiffyn yn erbyn ymosodiadau ar-lein

en-gb	• manage computer system credentials responsibly
cy-gb	• rheoli manylion systemau cyfriﬁadurol mewn modd cyfrifol 

en-gb	• describe the key parts of consent ownership and accountability of data 
cy-gb	• disgriﬁo rhannau allweddol perchenogaeth cydsyniad ac atebolrwydd data 

en-gb	• describe the vulnerabilities of a network
cy-gb	• disgriﬁo mannau gwan rhwydwaith

en-gb	• appreciate the ethical considerations of cyber attacks.
cy-gb	• gwerthfawrogi ystyriaethau moesegol seiberymosodiadau.

en-gb	GLOSSARY
cy-gb	GEIRFA

en-gb	Word/phrase Deﬁnition
cy-gb	Gair/ymadrodd Difﬁniad

en-gb	Draft Curriculum for Wales 2022: 
cy-gb	Draft Curriculum for Wales 2022: 

en-gb	Science and Technology 87
cy-gb	Science and Technology 94

en-gb	© Crown copyright 2019   WG35002 Mae’r ddogfen yma hefyd ar gael yn Gymraeg. 
cy-gb	© Hawlfraint y Goron 2019   WG35002