en-gb	Grey Squirrel Management 
cy-gb	Cynllun Gweithredu Cymru 

en-gb	Action Plan for Wales
cy-gb	i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd

en-gb	November 2018
cy-gb	Tachwedd 2018

en-gb	1
cy-gb	1

en-gb	Introduction
cy-gb	Cyflwyniad

en-gb	4
cy-gb	4

en-gb	1
cy-gb	1

en-gb	.1
cy-gb	.1

en-gb	Need for a management action plan 
cy-gb	Pam fod angen cynllun gweithredu i reoli’r wiwer lwyd 

en-gb	4
cy-gb	4

en-gb	1.1.1
cy-gb	1.1.1

en-gb	 Welsh Government Woodlands for Wales Strategy
cy-gb	 Strategaeth Coetiroedd i Gymru Llywodraeth Cymru

en-gb	1.1.2
cy-gb	1.1.2

en-gb	 The IAS Regulation
cy-gb	 Y Rheoliad Rhywogaethau Estron Goresgynnol

en-gb	1.1.3
cy-gb	1.1.3

en-gb	 Red Squirrel Conservation Plan for Wales – inter-relationship
cy-gb	 Cynllun Cymru i Ddiogelu’r Wiwer Goch  – cydberthynas

en-gb	1.1.4
cy-gb	1.1.4

en-gb	 UK Squirrel Accord
cy-gb	 Cytundeb Gwiwerod y DU

en-gb	1.2
cy-gb	1.2

en-gb	Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan – aims and objectives 
cy-gb	Cynllun Gweithredu i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd – nodau ac amcanion 

en-gb	6
cy-gb	6

en-gb	2
cy-gb	2

en-gb	Other relevant Welsh Government strategies and policies     
cy-gb	Strategaethau a pholisïau perthnasol eraill Llywodraeth Cymru

en-gb	7
cy-gb	7

en-gb	3
cy-gb	3

en-gb	Need for action 
cy-gb	Pam fod angen gweithredu 

en-gb	9
cy-gb	9

en-gb	3.1
cy-gb	3.1

en-gb	Evidence of impact  
cy-gb	Tystiolaeth o effaith y wiwer lwyd  

en-gb	9
cy-gb	9

en-gb	3.1.1
cy-gb	3.1.1

en-gb	 Biodiversity; 
cy-gb	  Bioamrywiaeth; 

en-gb	3.1.2
cy-gb	3.1.2

en-gb	 Productive woodlands, tree health and other economic impacts
cy-gb	  Coetiroedd cynhyrchiol, iechyd coed ac effeithiau economaidd eraill; 

en-gb	3.1.3
cy-gb	3.1.1

en-gb	 Mitigating climate change
cy-gb	  Lliniaru effeithiau newid hinsawdd

en-gb	3.2
cy-gb	3.2

en-gb	Implications of inaction 
cy-gb	Goblygiadau gwneud dim 

en-gb	3.3
cy-gb	3.3

en-gb	Cost-benefit of Management 
cy-gb	Cost a budd rheoli’r wiwer lwyd 

en-gb	13
cy-gb	13

en-gb	3.3.1
cy-gb	3.3.1

en-gb	 Timber production 
cy-gb	  Cynhyrchu pren

en-gb	 Biodiversity 
cy-gb	  Bioamrywiaeth

en-gb	3.3.2
cy-gb	3.3.2

en-gb	Contents
cy-gb	Cynnwys

en-gb	4
cy-gb	4

en-gb	A strategic approach to management 
cy-gb	Dull rheoli strategol 

en-gb	16
cy-gb	16

en-gb	4.1
cy-gb	4.1

en-gb	Targeting resources 
cy-gb	Targedu adnoddau 

en-gb	16
cy-gb	16

en-gb	4.2
cy-gb	4.2

en-gb	Limitations to grey squirrel management  
cy-gb	Yr hyn sy’n cyfyngu ar y gwaith o reoli’r wiwer lwyd  

en-gb	17
cy-gb	17

en-gb	4.3
cy-gb	4.3

en-gb	Management options and best practice 
cy-gb	Opsiynau rheoli ac arferion gorau  

en-gb	18
cy-gb	18

en-gb	4.3.1
cy-gb	4.3.1

en-gb	 Alternative management methods
cy-gb	  Dulliau rheoli amgen 

en-gb	4.3.2
cy-gb	4.3.2

en-gb	  Lethal management methods
cy-gb	  Dulliau rheoli angheuol

en-gb	4.4
cy-gb	4.4

en-gb	 Research 
cy-gb	 Ymchwil 

en-gb	20
cy-gb	20

en-gb	5
cy-gb	5

en-gb	Table of actions and lead bodies 
cy-gb	Tabl o’r camau gweithredu a’r cyrff arweiniol 

en-gb	23
cy-gb	23

en-gb	6
cy-gb	6

en-gb	Governance and monitoring 
cy-gb	Llywodraethu a monitro 

en-gb	25
cy-gb	25

en-gb	6.1
cy-gb	6.1

en-gb	 Governance 
cy-gb	 Llywodraethu 

en-gb	25
cy-gb	25

en-gb	6.2
cy-gb	6.2

en-gb	 Monitoring 
cy-gb	 Monitro 

en-gb	25
cy-gb	25

en-gb	Appendix 1: 
cy-gb	Atodiad 1: 

en-gb	Other relevant Welsh Government strategies and policies     
cy-gb	Strategaethau a pholisïau perthnasol eraill Llywodraeth Cymru 

en-gb	26
cy-gb	26

en-gb	Appendix 2: 
cy-gb	Atodiad 2: 

en-gb	Grey squirrel management – support in Wales 
cy-gb	Rheoli’r wiwer lwyd – cymorth yng Nghymru

en-gb	30
cy-gb	30

en-gb	Introduction
cy-gb	Cyflwyniad

en-gb	1.1 Need for a Management Action Plan
cy-gb	1.1 Pam fod angen Cynllun Gweithredu i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd

en-gb	Grey squirrels ( Sciurus carolinensis ) are a significant invasive non-native species (INNS) in Wales, having spread rapidly after their introduction to Britain in the late 1800’s. 
cy-gb	Mae’r wiwer lwyd ( Sciurus carolinensis ) yn rhywogaeth estron oresgynnol a ledaenodd yn gyflym yng Nghymru ar ôl iddi gael ei chyflwyno i Brydain ar ddiwedd y 1800au. 

en-gb	The grey squirrel out-competes red squirrels for food, and also carries an infection known as ‘squirrel pox virus’ which is lethal to red squirrels. 
cy-gb	Mae’r wiwer lwyd yn drech na’r wiwer goch wrth gystadlu am fwyd, ac mae hefyd yn cario haint a elwir yn ‘feirws brech y wiwer’ sy’n lladd gwiwerod coch. 

en-gb	Grey squirrels can have a considerable impact on biodiversity and woodland ecosystems, as well as causing damage to both broadleaved and conifer woodland. 
cy-gb	Gall y wiwer lwyd effeithio’n sylweddol ar fioamrywiaeth ac ecosystemau coetiroedd hefyd, yn ogystal â difrodi coetir llydanddail a choetir conwydd. 

en-gb	The economic cost of grey squirrel management and damage to the GB forestry sector is estimated to be £6 million per year, and in Wales, £914,500 per year . 
cy-gb	Amcangyfrifir bod y gwaith o reoli’r wiwer lwyd, a’r difrod y mae’n ei wneud i sector coedwigaeth Prydain, yn costio £6 miliwn y flwyddyn i’r economi, a £914,500 y flwyddyn yng Nghymru . 

en-gb	This rises to an annual cost of £14 million per year to the British economy where costs to other sectors, such as construction, development and infrastructure are included. 
cy-gb	O gynnwys y costau i sectorau eraill, fel y sectorau adeiladu, datblygu a seilwaith, mae’r gost flynyddol yn cynyddu i £14 miliwn y flwyddyn i economi Prydain.

en-gb	 CABI - Williams et al (2010) – Economic cost of Invasive Non-native species on Great Britain
cy-gb	 CABI – Williams et al (2010) – Economic cost of Invasive Non-native species on Great Britain

en-gb	There is a range of activity currently underway in Wales, from grey squirrel management to benefit red squirrel conservation areas, to co-funding of research into grey squirrel management methods and the zoonotic risk this species may pose to native mammals. 
cy-gb	Mae amryw o weithgareddau’n mynd rhagddynt yng Nghymru ar hyn o bryd, o reoli’r wiwer lwyd er budd ardaloedd diogelu’r wiwer goch, i gydariannu ymchwil i ffyrdd o reoli’r wiwer lwyd a’i risgiau milheintiol i famaliaid brodorol. 

en-gb	However a more coordinated approach to grey squirrel management would enable scarce resources to be maximised and provide a focus for future funding bids. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, o fynd ati i reoli’r wiwer lwyd mewn ffordd fwy cydgysylltiedig, byddai modd gwneud y gorau o adnoddau prin a rhoi ffocws i geisiadau am arian yn y dyfodol. 

en-gb	Such an approach would serve to meet the following obligations and frameworks:-
cy-gb	Byddai dull o’r fath yn bodloni’r rhwymedigaethau a’r fframweithiau a ganlyn:-  

en-gb	Welsh Government (WG) Woodlands for Wales strategy
cy-gb	• Strategaeth Coetiroedd i Gymru Llywodraeth Cymru 

en-gb	Invasive Alien Species (IAS) regulations 
cy-gb	Rheoliadau Rhywogaethau Estron Goresgynnol 

en-gb	• Red Squirrel Conservation Plan for Wales
cy-gb	• Cynllun Cymru i Ddiogelu’r Wiwer Goch

en-gb	 • UK Squirrel Accord.
cy-gb	Cytundeb Gwiwerod y DU.

en-gb	1.1.1 The Welsh Government Woodlands for Wales (WfW) Strategy 
cy-gb	1.1.1 Strategaeth Coetiroedd i Gymru Llywodraeth Cymru

en-gb	This sets out a 50-year strategy for woodlands and trees, and is supported by an action plan. 
cy-gb	Strategaeth 50 mlynedd ar gyfer coetiroedd a choed yw hon, ac fe’i hategir gan gynllun gweithredu. 

en-gb	The Strategy outlines a number of commitments, which includes creating new native/mixed woodland; encouraging woodland management and habitat restoration; and improving woodland connectivity. 
cy-gb	Mae’n amlinellu nifer o ymrwymiadau sy’n cynnwys creu coetiroedd brodorol / cymysg newydd, hybu’r gwaith o reoli coetiroedd ac adfer cynefinoedd, a gwella’r cysylltiadau rhwng coetiroedd. 

en-gb	Such action aims to increase the environmental quality, health and resilience of the Welsh woodland resource, and the ecosystem services they provide. 
cy-gb	Nod gweithgareddau o’r fath yw gwella iechyd, cydnerthedd ac ansawdd amgylcheddol coetiroedd Cymru a’r gwasanaethau ecosystemau a ddarperir ganddynt. 

en-gb	However woodlands are vulnerable to damage from grey squirrels which threaten tree survival and timber quality, which can impact on biodiversity and woodland resilience. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, mae coetiroedd yn agored i niwed gan y wiwer lwyd sy’n bygwth goroesiad coed ac ansawdd pren, a gall hyn effeithio ar fioamrywiaeth ac ar gydnerthedd coetiroedd. 

en-gb	Many of the objectives of the WfW Strategy will be more difficult to deliver unless the negative impacts of grey squirrel are properly addressed.
cy-gb	Bydd yn anoddach cyflawni llawer o amcanion y Strategaeth oni bai fod effeithiau negyddol y wiwer lwyd yn cael sylw priodol.

en-gb	Responses to the WfW strategy consultation during its development indicated that management of grey squirrel was essential to the delivery of the various WfW policies. 
cy-gb	Pan oedd y Strategaeth yn cael ei llunio, nodwyd yn yr ymatebion i’r ymgynghoriad yn ei chylch ei bod yn hanfodol rheoli’r wiwer lwyd i gyflawni nifer o bolisïau’r Strategaeth. 

en-gb	In the WfW strategy, Welsh Government made a commitment to develop a strategic and targeted approach to help tackle threats from non-native invasive species, including grey squirrel. 
cy-gb	Ynddi, mae Llywodraeth Cymru wedi ymrwymo i ddatblygu dull strategol wedi’i dargedu i helpu i fynd i’r afael â’r bygythiadau gan rywogaethau estron goresgynnol, gan gynnwys y wiwer lwyd. 

en-gb	This Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan aims to meet this commitment.
cy-gb	Mae’r Cynllun Gweithredu hwn yn ceisio bodloni’r ymrwymiad hwnnw.

en-gb	1.1.2 The IAS Regulation
cy-gb	1.1.2 Y Rheoliad Rhywogaethau Estron Goresgynnol

en-gb	The IAS Regulation or EU Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 on the Prevention and Management of the Introduction and Spread of Invasive Alien Species  entered into force on 1 January 2015. 
cy-gb	Daeth y Rheoliad Rhywogaethau Estron Goresgynnol neu Rheoliad yr UE Rhif 1143/2014 ar Atal a Rheoli Cyflwyniad a Lledaeniad Rhywogaethau Estron Goresgynnol  i rym ar 1 Ionawr 2015. 

en-gb	The IAS Regulation requires both a list of invasive alien species of Union concern be drawn up, and Member States to put in place management measures for the eradication, control or containment of listed species.  
cy-gb	Yn unol â’r Rheoliad, mae’n ofynnol llunio rhestr o’r rhywogaethau estron goresgynnol sy’n peri pryder i’r Undeb, ac mae’n ofynnol i’r Aelod-wladwriaethau roi mesurau rheoli ar waith i ddileu’r rhywogaethau a restrir, eu rheoli neu’u hatal rhag lledaenu. 

en-gb	Such management measures must be proportionate to the impact on the environment and appropriate to the specific circumstances of the particular Member State. 
cy-gb	Rhaid i fesurau rheoli o’r fath fod yn gymesur â’r effaith ar yr amgylchedd ac yn briodol o ran amgylchiadau penodol yr Aelodwladwriaeth o dan sylw. 

en-gb	Grey squirrels are on the first Species of Union Concern list, which came into force on 3 August 2016. 
cy-gb	Mae’r wiwer lwyd ar y rhestr gyntaf o rywogaethau sy’n peri pryder i’r Undeb a ddaeth i rym ar 3 Awst 2016. 

en-gb	  The term ‘Invasive non-native species’ (INNS) is the equivalent of ‘alien species’ as used by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and are broadly defined as species whose introduction and/or spread threaten biological diversity or have other unforeseen impacts.
cy-gb	  Mae’r term ‘rhywogaeth estron oresgynnol’ yn cyfateb i’r term ‘rhywogaeth estron’ a ddefnyddir gan y Confensiwn ar Amrywiaeth Fiolegol ac fe’i diffinnir yn fras fel rhywogaeth y mae ei chyflwyniad a/neu ei lledaeniad yn bygwth amrywiaeth fiolegol neu’n cael effeithiau eraill na chawsant eu rhagweld. 

en-gb	Member States, such as the UK, have 18 months to put in place effective and proportionate management measures for listed species, including grey squirrels. 
cy-gb	Cyn pen deunaw mis, rhaid i Aelod-wladwriaethau, fel y DU, roi mesurau rheoli effeithiol a chymesur ar waith ar gyfer y rhywogaethau a restrir, gan gynnwys y wiwer lwyd. 

en-gb	Measures should be based on an analysis of costs and benefits, and prioritised based on the risk evaluation and their cost effectiveness. 
cy-gb	Dylai’r mesurau fod yn seiliedig ar ddadansoddiad o’r costau a’r buddion, a dylid eu blaenoriaethu ar sail gwerthusiad risg a’u heffeithiolrwydd o ran cost. 

en-gb	Monitoring is also required of the effectiveness of the measures put in place. 
cy-gb	Mae hefyd yn ofynnol monitro effeithiolrwydd y mesurau a roddir ar waith. 

en-gb	It is unlikely that Brexit negotiations will affect this requirement; 
cy-gb	Nid yw’n debygol y bydd trafodaethau Brexit yn effeithio ar y gofyniad hwn; 

en-gb	hence this Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan addresses the requirements of this Regulation in Wales. 
cy-gb	felly, mae’r Cynllun Gweithredu hwn yn mynd i’r afael â gofynion y Rheoliad yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	1.1.3 Red Squirrel Conservation Plan for Wales – inter-relationship
cy-gb	1.1.3 Cynllun Cymru i Ddiogelu’r Wiwer Goch – cydberthynas

en-gb	A Red Squirrel Conservation Plan for Wales is already in existence. 
cy-gb	Mae Cynllun Cymru i Ddiogelu’r Wiwer Goch eisoes ar waith. 

en-gb	It was prepared by the Wales Squirrel Forum in consultation with the Wales Squirrel Partnership in 2009 to provide a framework for the conservation and recovery of red squirrel in Wales. 
cy-gb	Fe’i paratowyd yn 2009 gan Fforwm Gwiwerod Cymru, gan ymgynghori â Phartneriaeth Gwiwerod Cymru, i ddarparu fframwaith i ddiogelu ac i adfer y wiwer goch yng Nghymru. 

en-gb	The actions within it have been refreshed and its updated objectives are:-
cy-gb	Mae’r camau gweithredu a nodir ynddo wedi’u hadnewyddu ac mae ei amcanion newydd fel a ganlyn:-

en-gb	Maintain and enhance the range of the red squirrel within the Wales Focal Sites.
cy-gb	Cynnal a gwella amrywiaeth y wiwer goch yn y Prif Safleoedd Cymru.

en-gb	Maintain and enhance the size of the red squirrel population within the Focal Sites to ensure robust and resilient populations. 
cy-gb	Cynnal a gwella maint poblogaeth y wiwer goch o fewn y Prif Safleoedd i sicrhau poblogaethau cadarn a chydnerth.

en-gb	And, If resources allow, maintain and extend the range of the red squirrel populations beyond the Focal Sites. 
cy-gb	Ac,Os yw ffynonellau yn caniatáu, cynnal ac ehangu ystod poblogaeth y wiwer goch y tu hwnt i’r Prif Safleoedd.

en-gb	The conservation plan provides a focus for action in Wales to protect and enhance the three red squirrel focal sites – Anglesey, Clocaenog and mid-Wales – and maintain breeding populations of red squirrels. 
cy-gb	Mae’r cynllun diogelu yn rhoi ffocws i’r gwaith yng Nghymru i warchod ac i wella tri phrif safle’r wiwer goch – Ynys Môn, Clocaenog a’r Canolbarth – ac i gynnal poblogaethau’r wiwer goch sy’n bridio. 

en-gb	This Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan fully supports the Red Squirrel Conservation Plan for Wales. 
cy-gb	Mae’r Cynllun Gweithredu i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd yn cefnogi’n llwyr Cynllun Cymru i Ddiogelu’r Wiwer Goch. 

en-gb	Work under the grey squirrel plan will contribute to the delivery of the updated conservation plan and vice versa. 
cy-gb	Bydd gwaith dan gynllun y wiwer lwyd yn cyfrannu at gyflenwi’r cynllun iodgelu diweddaraf ac i’w gwerthwyneb. 

en-gb	For example, the Red Squirrel Conservation Plan includes elements of grey squirrel management within the focal sites and adjacent buffer areas, owing to the combined impact of competition and disease on red squirrel populations. 
cy-gb	Er enghraifft, mae’r Cynllun Diogelu’r Wiwer Goch yn cynnwys rhai camau i reoli’r wiwer lwyd ar y prif safleoedd ac mewn ardaloedd clustogi cyfagos, a hynny oherwydd effaith y gystadleuaeth am fwyd a feirws brech y wiwer ar boblogaethau’r wiwer goch. 

en-gb	It is important that the plans for both red and grey squirrels compliment each other in order to maximise the benefit to red squirrel conservation and promote existing best practice developed for grey squirrel management. 
cy-gb	Mae’n bwysig bod y cynlluniau ar gyfer y wiwer lwyd a’r wiwer goch yn ategu ei gilydd er mwyn sicrhau’r budd gorau i’r ffordd y caiff y wiwer coch eu diogelu ac i hyrwyddo’r arferion gorau a ddatblygwyd i reoli’r wiwer lwyd.

en-gb	However the Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan encompasses a wider remit in recognition of the impact of grey squirrels on woodland as a habitat and as a natural resource, as well meeting Welsh Government commitments on the IAS Regulation as outlined above. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, mae cylch gwaith y Cynllun Gweithredu i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd yn ehangach. Mae’n cydnabod effaith y wiwer lwyd ar goetir fel cynefin ac fel adnodd naturiol, yn ogystal â bodloni ymrwymiadau Llywodraeth Cymru o dan y Rheoliad Rhywogaethau Estron Goresgynnol fel y nodir uchod. 

en-gb	Therefore the two plans remain separate owing to the wide range of problems caused by grey squirrels. 
cy-gb	Felly, mae’r ddau gynllun yn dal i fod ar wahân oherwydd yr amrywiaeth eang o broblemau a achosir gan y wiwer lwyd.

en-gb	The Wales Squirrel Forum (WSF), who already provides a steer on the delivery of the Red Squirrel Conservation Plan for Wales, will be adapted to act as a steering group to co-ordinate, support and provide advice on the implementation of the Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan.
cy-gb	Bydd Fforwm Wiwerod Cymru, sydd eisoes yn dylanwadu ar y gwaith o gyflenwi Cynllun Cymru i Ddiogelu’r Wiwer Goch, yn cael ei addasu i weithredu fel grŵp llywio i gydgysylltu, cefnogi a rhoi cyngor ar sut i weithredu’r Cynllun Gweithredu i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd.

en-gb	1.1.4 The UK Squirrel Accord
cy-gb	1.1.4 Cytundeb Gwiwerod y DU

en-gb	The UK Squirrel Accord draws together the many organisations interested in the issues surrounding both red and grey squirrels under a common aim. 
cy-gb	Mae Cytundeb Gwiwerod y DU yn dod â llu o sefydliadau sydd â diddordeb mewn materion sy’n ymwneud â’r wiwer lwyd a’r wiwer goch ynghyd o dan un nod cyffredin. 

en-gb	The Accord builds on national efforts by working across borders to provide a focus for shared action at the UK level.  
cy-gb	Mae’r Cytundeb yn adeiladu ar y gwaith sy’n digwydd ar lefel genedlaethol drwy weithio ar draws ffiniau i roi ffocws ar gyfer cydweithio ar lefel y DU. 

en-gb	The long term vision of the Accord is:-
cy-gb	Gweledigaeth y Cytundeb yn y tymor hir yw sicrhau:-

en-gb	Our native red squirrel populations are secure and have expanded beyond their current strongholds.
cy-gb	Bod poblogaethau’r wiwer goch frodorol yn ddiogel a’u bod wedi ehangu tu hwnt i’w cadarnleoedd presennol.

en-gb	Our woodlands are flourishing and can continue to deliver multiple benefits for future generations.
cy-gb	Bod ein coetiroedd yn ffynnu a’u bod yn gallu parhau i ddarparu amryw o fuddion i genedlaethau’r dyfodol.

en-gb	The 32 signatories to this Accord, which include Welsh Government and Natural Resources Wales (NRW), recognise the importance of this work and support the following long term aim: 
cy-gb	Mae’r 32 corff sydd wedi llofnodi’r Cytundeb hwn, gan gynnwys Llywodraeth Cymru a Chyfoeth Naturiol Cymru, yn cydnabod pwysigrwydd y gwaith hwn ac yn cefnogi’r nod hirdymor a ganlyn: 

en-gb	Red squirrel populations protected and thriving and greys controlled, through targeted and sustained action. 
cy-gb	poblogaethau’r wiwer goch yn cael eu diogelu ac yn ffynnu a phoblogaethau’r wiwer lwyd yn cael eu rheoli drwy gamau parhaus wedi’u targedu. 

en-gb	It is also recognised that this must be done through a broad and dynamic partnership between Government, private and voluntary sectors. 
cy-gb	Mae hefyd yn cydnabod bod rhaid gwneud hyn drwy bartneriaeth eang a dynamig rhwng y llywodraeth, y sector preifat a’r sector gwirfoddol. 

en-gb	This Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan sets out actions in Wales which will contribute to the Accord’s aim and recognises the partnership approach necessary for the delivery of management actions.
cy-gb	Mae’r Cynllun Gweithredu i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd yn amlinellu’r camau a gymerir yng Nghymru i gyfrannu at nod y Cytundeb ac mae’n cydnabod y bydd angen gweithio mewn partneriaeth i gyflawni’r camau rheoli.

en-gb	1.2  Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan for Wales
cy-gb	1.2 Cynllun Gweithredu Cymru i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd 

en-gb	Aim
cy-gb	Nod

en-gb	The aim of this management action plan is to develop a more integrated and effective approach to grey squirrel management in Wales, making best use of resources to manage grey squirrel populations, and meet obligations under the IAS Regulation. 
cy-gb	Nod y cynllun gweithredu hwn yw datblygu dull mwy integredig ac effeithiol o reoli’r wiwer lwyd yng Nghymru, gan wneud y defnydd gorau o adnoddau i reoli poblogaethau’r wiwer lwyd, a bodloni ein rhwymedigaethau o dan y Rheoliad Rhywogaethau Estron Goresgynnol. 

en-gb	This document sets out objectives and actions for a Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan for Wales. 
cy-gb	Mae’r ddogfen hon yn cynnwys amcanion a chamau gweithredu ar gyfer Cynllun Gweithredu Cymru i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd. 

en-gb	Objectives
cy-gb	Amcanion

en-gb	It is important to improve the health and resilience of the Welsh woodland resource and the benefits it provides to present and future generations. 
cy-gb	Mae’n bwysig gwella iechyd a chydnerthedd adnoddau coetir Cymru a’u buddion i genedlaethau’r presennol a’r dyfodol. 

en-gb	Grey squirrel is known to have a negative impact on the social, economic and environmental benefits of woodlands and trees.
cy-gb	Rydym yn gwybod bod y wiwer lwyd yn effeithio’n andwyol ar fuddion cymdeithasol, economaidd ac amgylcheddol coetiroedd a choed.

en-gb	The objective of this management action plan is to manage grey squirrel populations in order to:-
cy-gb	Amcan y cynllun gweithredu hwn yw rheoli poblogaethau’r wiwer lwyd er mwyn:-

en-gb	Reduce the impact on red squirrel populations.
cy-gb	Lleihau’r effaith ar boblogaethau’r wiwer goch.

en-gb	Reduce the impact on tree and woodland ecosystems and the services they provide, including timber production.
cy-gb	Lleihau’r effaith ar ecosystemau coetiroedd a choed a’r gwasanaethau a ddarperir ganddynt, gan gynnwys cynhyrchu pren.

en-gb	It is not  the objective of this management action plan to eradicate grey squirrels from Wales. 
cy-gb	Nid  yw’r cynllun gweithredu hwn yn bwriadu dileu’r wiwer lwyd o Gymru. 

en-gb	This is not practical or affordable owing to grey squirrel population levels. 
cy-gb	Nid yw hyn yn ymarferol nac yn fforddiadwy o ystyried maint poblogaeth y wiwer lwyd. 

en-gb	The IAS Regulations allow for invasive non-native species to be managed rather than eradicated where such species are already widely established. 
cy-gb	Yn unol â’r Rheoliad, caniateir rheoli rhywogaethau estron goresgynnol yn hytrach na’u dileu os yw rhywogaethau o’r fath eisoes wedi ennill eu plwyf dros ardal eang. 

en-gb	This management action plan seeks to encourage the management of grey squirrel populations where it is feasible to do so and where the benefits are greatest.
cy-gb	Mae’r cynllun gweithredu hwn yn ceisio hybu camau i reoli poblogaethau’r wiwer lwyd lle bo hynny’n ymarferol a lle ceir y budd mwyaf.

en-gb	Other relevant Welsh Government strategies and policies
cy-gb	Strategaethau a pholisïau perthnasol eraill Llywodraeth Cymru

en-gb	In addition to the key commitments already outlined, a number of Welsh Government strategies, polices and wider legislation were reviewed in the preparation of this management action plan. 
cy-gb	Yn ychwanegol at y prif ymrwymiadau a amlinellwyd eisoes, cafodd nifer o strategaethau a pholisïau Llywodraeth Cymru, a’i deddfwriaeth ehangach, eu hadolygu wrth baratoi’r cynllun gweithredu drafft hwn. 

en-gb	These include:-
cy-gb	Yn eu plith roedd:-

en-gb	Wellbeing of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015
cy-gb	Deddf Llesiant Cenedlaethau’r Dyfodol (Cymru) 2015

en-gb	The Environment (Wales) Act 2016 and Natural Resources Policy
cy-gb	Deddf yr Amgylchedd (Cymru) 2016 a’r Polisi Adnoddau Naturiol

en-gb	Climate Change Strategy for Wales (2010)
cy-gb	Strategaeth Cymru ar y Newid yn yr Hinsawdd (2010)

en-gb	Nature Recovery Action Plan for Wales 2015
cy-gb	Cynllun Adfer Natur Cymru 2015

en-gb	LIFE Natura 2000 Programme After-LIFE Conservation Plan and the Prioritised Action Framework for Wales
cy-gb	Cynllun Cadwraeth Natura 2000 ar ôl LIFE a Fframwaith Gweithredu Blaenoriaethau Cymru

en-gb	GB Invasive Non-Native Species (INNS) Strategy 
cy-gb	Strategaeth Rhywogaethau Estron Goresgynnol Prydain Fawr

en-gb	• Wales Biodiversity Partnership INNS Group 
cy-gb	Grŵp Rhywogaethau Estron Goresgynnol Partneriaeth Bioamrywiaeth Cymru

en-gb	• Forestry Act 1967.
cy-gb	Deddf Coedwigaeth 1967.

en-gb	Appendix 1 sets out how this management action plan is aligned to and will contribute to the delivery of these.  
cy-gb	Yn Atodiad 1, nodir sut y mae’r cynllun gweithredu hwn yn cydweddu â’r rhain a sut y bydd yn cyfrannu at y camau i’w rhoi ar waith.  

en-gb	Red Squirrel – Copyright Natural Resources Wales
cy-gb	Y Wiwer Goch – Hawlfraint Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru

en-gb	Need for Action
cy-gb	Pam fod angen gweithredu

en-gb	3.1 Evidence of Impact
cy-gb	3.1 Tystiolaeth o effaith y wiwer lwyd

en-gb	The negative impact of grey squirrels has been significant both in terms of biodiversity and the forest industry as well as threatening agriculture and the urban environment. 
cy-gb	Mae’r wiwer lwyd wedi cael effaith andwyol sylweddol ar fioamrywiaeth a’r diwydiant coedwigaeth, gan fygwth amaethyddiaeth a’r amgylchedd trefol hefyd. 

en-gb	There are substantial economic consequences associated with these impacts both as a result of damage and direct revenue loss and through the cost of grey squirrel management. 
cy-gb	Mae i’r effeithiau hyn ganlyniadau economaidd sylweddol oherwydd y difrod a wneir a’r refeniw uniongyrchol a gollir, yn ogystal â’r gost o reoli’r wiwer lwyd.

en-gb	During the analysis for the list of Species of Union Concern, a risk assessment for grey squirrel highlighted its invasiveness, economic impact and mechanisms by which it replaces the native red squirrel, causing wide-scale extinction of the latter. 
cy-gb	Yn y dadansoddiad a wnaed wrth baratoi rhestr o’r rhywogaethau sy’n peri pryder i’r Undeb, roedd yr asesiad o risg y wiwer lwyd yn tynnu sylw at ei natur oresgynnol, ei heffaith ar yr economi, a’r modd y mae’n disodli’r wiwer goch frodorol, gan beri diflaniad y wiwer goch ar raddfa eang. 

en-gb	It also identified that due to presence of suitable habitat, climate conditions and the invasive nature of grey squirrel there is a risk that, if introduced, grey squirrel could spread across Europe. 
cy-gb	Roedd hefyd yn nodi bod perygl y gallai’r wiwer lwyd, o gael ei chyflwyno, ledaenu ar draws Ewrop, a hynny oherwydd bod cynefinoedd addas ar gael ar ei chyfer, oherwydd yr amodau hinsoddol ac oherwydd ei natur oresgynnol. 

en-gb	Although grey squirrel is present in Great Britain and Ireland the main risk to the rest of Europe comes from range expansion from Italy and escapes from the pet trade.  
cy-gb	Er bod y wiwer lwyd yn bresennol ym Mhrydain Fawr ac Iwerddon, y posibilrwydd y gallai ei dosbarthiad ehangu o’r Eidal ac y gallai gwiwerod ddianc o’r fasnach mewn anifeiliaid anwes yw’r brif risg i weddill Ewrop.

en-gb	There are no accurate population estimates for grey squirrel in the UK: 
cy-gb	Nid oes amcangyfrifon manwl gywir ar gael o faint poblogaeth y wiwer lwyd yn y DU: 

en-gb	in 2010, a number of sources put this at 2-3.3 million . 
cy-gb	yn 2010, cynigiodd nifer o ffynonellau ffigur o 2-3.3 miliwn . 

en-gb	They are widespread in Wales apart from two red squirrel focal areas where they are managed to protect red squirrel populations and on Anglesey where they have been eradicated. 
cy-gb	Mae’r wiwer lwyd wedi’i dosbarthu’n eang ar draws Cymru, ac eithrio dau o brif safleoedd y wiwer goch lle mae’r wiwer lwyd yn cael ei rheoli i ddiogelu poblogaethau’r wiwer goch, ac Ynys Môn lle cafodd y wiwer lwyd ei dileu. 

en-gb	  CABI – Williams et al (2010) – Economic cost of Invasive Non-native species on Great Britain
cy-gb	 CABI – Williams et al (2010) – Economic cost of Invasive Non-native species on Great Britain

en-gb	Woodland provides a variety of ecosystem benefits. 
cy-gb	Mae coetiroedd yn darparu amryw o fuddion ecosystemau. 

en-gb	Although placing a value on these can be difficult, a recent report  estimated that the annual value of ecosystem services provided by Welsh woodlands, at 2015 prices, was £108 million for carbon sequestration; £28.3 million for timber extraction; £85 million for recreation and £385 million for air quality services. 
cy-gb	Gall fod yn anodd rhoi gwerth ar y buddion hyn, ond bu i adroddiad diweddar  amcangyfrif mai gwerth blynyddol y gwasanaethau ecosystemau a ddarperir gan goetiroedd Cymru, ar sail prisiau 2015, oedd £108 miliwn ar gyfer dal a storio carbon, £28.3 miliwn ar gyfer torri a thrin coed, £85 miliwn ar gyfer hamdden a £385 miliwn ar gyfer gwasanaethau ansawdd aer. 

en-gb	Although the presence of grey squirrel is related to the decline in red squirrel populations or loss of timber value, their impact on the environment goes far wider :-
cy-gb	Er bod cysylltiad rhwng presenoldeb y wiwer lwyd a dirywiad poblogaethau’r wiwer goch neu’r gostyngiad yng ngwerth pren, mae’n cael effaith llawer ehangach ar yr amgylchedd:-

en-gb	  Forest Research – Saraev et al (2017) – Valuation of Welsh Forest Resources
cy-gb	 Forest Research – Saraev et al (2017) – Valuation of Welsh Forest Resources

en-gb	3.1.1 Biodiversity
cy-gb	3.1.1 Bioamrywiaeth

en-gb	The presence of the grey squirrel has led to the loss of red squirrel populations across large parts of its natural range throughout the UK owing to direct competition for food and the spread of the squirrel pox virus. 
cy-gb	Oherwydd presenoldeb y wiwer lwyd, mae’r wiwer goch wedi diflannu o rannau helaeth o’i hardaloedd naturiol ledled y DU, a hynny oherwydd cystadleuaeth uniongyrchol am fwyd ac ymlediad feirws brech y wiwer. 

en-gb	Within Wales red squirrels are now restricted to three main areas: 
cy-gb	Yng Nghymru, mae’r wiwer goch wedi’i chyfyngu i dair prif ardal: 

en-gb	Anglesey, where red squirrels are now also establishing in adjacent areas of Gwynedd, Clocaenog Forest in NE Wales and in the network of conifer forests in the Tywi area of mid-Wales. 
cy-gb	Ynys Môn, lle mae’r wiwer goch yn ymsefydlu mewn ardaloedd cyfagos yng Ngwynedd erbyn hyn hefyd, coedwig Clocaenog yn y Gogledd-ddwyrain, a’r rhwydwaith o fforestydd conwydd yn nyffryn Tywi yn y Canolbarth. 

en-gb	In the absence of the efforts of local red squirrel projects to manage grey squirrels, it is likely that the red squirrel would be close to extinction in Wales . 
cy-gb	Oni bai am ymdrechion prosiectau gwiwerod coch lleol i reoli’r wiwer lwyd, mae’n debygol y byddai’r wiwer goch yn agos at ddiflannu o Gymru .  

en-gb	This is reflected in the updated Red Squirrel Conservation Plan for Wales, which focuses on managing grey squirrel in these three main areas and their surrounding buffer areas.
cy-gb	Mae fersiwn ddiwygiedig Cynllun Cymru i Ddiogelu’r Wiwer Goch yn rhoi sylw i hyn, gan ganolbwyntio ar reoli’r wiwer lwyd yn y tair prif ardal hyn a’r ardaloedd clustogi o’u hamgylch.

en-gb	  Haliwell et al (2015) Striving for success: 
cy-gb	  Haliwell et al (2015) Striving for success: 

en-gb	an evaluation of local action to conserve red squirrels ( Sciurus vulgaris ) in Wales. 
cy-gb	an evaluation of local action to conserve red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in Wales . 

en-gb	In: 
cy-gb	Yn: 

en-gb	Shuttleworth CM, Lurz PWW, Hayward M (eds) Red Squirrels: 
cy-gb	Shuttleworth CM, Lurz PWW, Hayward M (gol) Red Squirrels: 

en-gb	Grey squirrels are known to be a predator of birds’ eggs and nestlings, and while there is little evidence of grey squirrels limiting bird populations, there is evidence of a possible link with nest failure for certain species . 
cy-gb	Rydym yn gwybod bod y wiwer lwyd yn bwyta wyau adar a chywion, ac er nad oes llawer o dystiolaeth bod y wiwer lwyd yn cyfyngu ar boblogaethau adar, ceir tystiolaeth bod cysylltiad posibl rhyngddi a methiant nythod rhywogaethau penodol 6 . 

en-gb	Grey squirrels have also been implicated in local declines of hazel dormouse populations due to competition for hazelnuts, but insufficient data is currently available to support this view. 
cy-gb	Cafodd y wiwer lwyd hefyd ei chysylltu â dirywiad lleol poblogaethau’r pathew oherwydd eu bod yn cystadlu am gnau cyll, ond nid oes digon o ddata ar gael ar hyn o bryd i ategu’r farn hon.

en-gb	Grey squirrels can reach densities four times higher than red squirrels in some broadleaved and mixed woodlands . 
cy-gb	Gall dwysedd poblogaeth y wiwer lwyd fod bedair gwaith yn uwch na phoblogaeth y wiwer goch mewn rhai coetiroedd llydanddail a chymysg . 

en-gb	They are impacting some of Wales’ most important woodland sites and have been identified as management problem on eight Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), including three Special Areas of Conservation  (SAC).  
cy-gb	Mae’n effeithio ar rai o safleoedd coetir pwysicaf Cymru, a nodwyd ei bod yn broblem reoli ar wyth Safle o Ddiddordeb Gwyddonol Arbennig (SoDdGA), gan gynnwys tair Ardal Cadwraeth Arbennig (ACA) .  

en-gb	In total 16 SSSI management units have grey squirrels recorded as an issue, affecting for example oak tree recruitment. 
cy-gb	Nodwyd bod y wiwer lwyd yn broblem mewn 16 o unedau rheoli SoDdGA, a’i bod yn effeithio, er enghraifft, ar oroesiad coed derw ifanc. 

en-gb	It is likely that the total may be much higher due to low awareness of grey squirrel damage and confusion with deer browsing by some conservation managers. 
cy-gb	Mae’n debygol y gallai’r cyfanswm fod yn llawer mwy oherwydd diffyg ymwybyddiaeth o’r difrod a wneir gan y wiwer lwyd a’r ffaith bod rhai rheolwyr cadwraeth yn priodoli’r difrod i geirw sy’n pori. 

en-gb	As such, grey squirrel damage has implications for the wider regeneration and sustainability of woodland habitats, and the flora and fauna associated with it . 
cy-gb	I’r perwyl hwn, mae i ddifrod gan y wiwer lwyd oblygiadau o ran adfywiad a chynaliadwyedd ehangach cynefinoedd coetir, yn ogystal â’r planhigion a’r anifeiliaid sy’n gysylltiedig â nhw . 

en-gb	    Gurnell J, Lurz PWW, Shuttleworth CM (2016). 
cy-gb	    Gurnell J, Lurz PWW, Shuttleworth CM (2016). 

en-gb	Ecosystem impacts of an alien invader in Europe, the squirrel Sciurus carolinensis. 
cy-gb	Ecosystem impacts of an alien invader in Europe, the squirrel Sciurus carolinensis. 

en-gb	In: 
cy-gb	Yn: 

en-gb	The grey squirrel Ecology & Management of an invasive species in Europe. 
cy-gb	The grey squirrel Ecology & Management of an invasive species in Europe. 

en-gb	307-326 . 
cy-gb	307-326 . 

en-gb	European Squirrel Initiative    
cy-gb	Menter Gwiwerod Ewrope    

en-gb	   Natural Resources Wales Special Sites Actions Database
cy-gb	   Cronfa Ddata Camau Gweithredu Safleoedd Arbennig Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru

en-gb	   Mayle et al (2007)  Controlling grey squirrel damage in woodlands, FC practice note 
cy-gb	   Mayle et al (2007)  Controlling grey squirrel damage in woodlands, Nodyn ymarfer y Comsiwn Coedwigaeth

en-gb	3.1.2 Productive woodlands, tree health and other economic impacts
cy-gb	3.1.2 Coetiroedd cynhyrchiol, iechyd coed ac effeithiau economaidd eraill

en-gb	The impact of grey squirrel damage on the growth and subsequent value of productive timber depends on the species affected, and the quantity and location of damage on the tree. 
cy-gb	Mae effaith difrod gan y wiwer lwyd ar dwf a gwerth pren cynhyrchiol yn dibynnu ar y rhywogaeth yr effeithir arni, ac ar faint a lleoliad y difrod ar y goeden. 

en-gb	Bark stripping can cause callousing around wounds and enable fungal infections to gain entry resulting in tree death, timber staining or rot. 
cy-gb	Gall rhisglo achosi caledennau o amgylch clwyfau a galluogi heintiau ffwngaidd i dreiddio i’r goeden, gan beri iddi farw, staenio’r pren neu achosi pydredd. 

en-gb	However there is very little evidence to suggest any link between grey squirrel damage and Phytophthora ramorum  (sudden oak death) . 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, nid oes fawr ddim tystiolaeth sy’n awgrymu bod unrhyw gysylltiad rhwng difrod gan y wiwer lwyd a Phytophthora ramorum (marwolaeth sydyn y deri) . 

en-gb	Ring barking damage can result in tree death, loss of tree canopy, deformity or stem snap. 
cy-gb	Gall difrod cylchrisglo arwain at farwolaeth coeden, colli canopi, anffurfio neu dorri coesynnau. 

en-gb	In addition to whole or partial tree death, damage often results in a downgrading or loss in value of the mature tree e.g. from higher value, versatile timber to lower value firewood.  
cy-gb	Yn ogystal â pheri i goeden gyfan neu ran o goeden farw, mae’r difrod yn aml yn arwain at ddiraddio neu leihau gwerth coeden aeddfed e.e. o bren amlbwrpas uchel ei werth i goed tân isel eu gwerth. 

en-gb	A 30% loss of tree canopy through bark stripping can affect tree growth rate, timber and biomass yield .
cy-gb	O golli 30% o’r canopi yn sgil rhisglo, gall effeithio ar gyfradd twf coed ac ar faint y cnwd pren a biomas .  

en-gb	 Forest Research website – Are grey squirrels implicated in spreading P.ramorum? 
cy-gb	 Forest Research website – Are grey squirrels implicated in spreading P.ramorum? 

en-gb	- last updated 2012 
cy-gb	– diweddariad diwethaf 2012 

en-gb	  Mayle and Broome (2013) Changes in the impact and control of an invasive alien: 
cy-gb	  Mayle a Broome (2013) Changes in the impact and control of an invasive alien: 

en-gb	the grey squirrel in Great Britain, as determined from regional surveys.  
cy-gb	the grey squirrel in Great Britain, as determined from regional surveys.  

en-gb	Pest Management Science 69: 
cy-gb	Pest Management Science 69: 

en-gb	414-424 
cy-gb	414-424 

en-gb	Susceptible species include oak, sycamore, beech and sweet chestnut, with conifer species including Norway spruce, pine and larch. 
cy-gb	Ymhlith y rhywogaethau sy’n agored i niwed mae’r dderwen, y sycamorwydden, y ffawydden a’r gastanwydden, yn ogystal â rhywogaethau conwydd gan gynnwys y binwydden, y llarwydden a sbriwsen Norwy. 

en-gb	Birch and Sitka spruce have also had reports of damage. 
cy-gb	Cafwyd adroddiadau o ddifrod i goed bedw a sbriws Sitka hefyd. 

en-gb	Ash, which has been planted as an alternative to susceptible species owing to its relative resistance to squirrel damage, is now no longer planted in Wales due to the Chalara Ash die-back fungus . 
cy-gb	Cafodd coed ynn eu plannu yn lle’r rhywogaethau hyn oherwydd eu bod yn gymharol abl i wrthsefyll difrod gan wiwerod, ond nid ydynt yn cael eu plannu yng Nghymru mwyach oherwydd clefyd (Chalara) coed ynn . 

en-gb	This further reduces the options available to woodland owners considering broadleaved woodland planting.
cy-gb	Mae hyn yn lleihau ymhellach yr opsiynau sydd ar gael i berchnogion coetiroedd sy’n ystyried plannu coetiroedd llydanddail.

en-gb	 Chalara response for Wales (2016), Welsh Government/Natural Resources Wales
cy-gb	 Gwywiad Coed Ynn (clefyd Chalara) – Ymateb Cymru (2016), Llywodraeth Cymru/Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru

en-gb	In 2000, the cost of grey squirrel damage to the UK Timber Industry was estimated at around £10 million, at the end  of the then current rotation of standing crops of sycamore, beech and oak at the time. 
cy-gb	Yn 2000, amcangyfrifwyd bod difrod gan y wiwer lwyd yn costio oddeutu £10 miliwn i ddiwydiant pren y DU, a hynny ar ddiwedd  cylchdro cyfredol y cnwd sycamor, ffawydd a derw byw ar y pryd. 

en-gb	A report by CABI  in 2010 estimated the total costs of grey squirrel to the British economy to be £14 million per year . 
cy-gb	Mewn adroddiad gan CABI  yn 2010, amcangyfrifwyd bod y wiwer lwyd yn costio cyfanswm o £14 miliwn y flwyddyn i economi Prydain. 

en-gb	This figure included costs of damage and grey squirrel management to the construction, development and infrastructure sectors. 
cy-gb	Roedd y ffigur hwn yn cynnwys costau’r gwaith o reoli’r wiwer lwyd a’r difrod y mae’n ei wneud i’r sectorau adeiladu, datblygu a seilwaith. 

en-gb	The cost to the Welsh forestry sector was estimated at £914,500 per year . 
cy-gb	Amcangyfrifwyd ei bod yn costio £914,500 y flwyddyn i sector coedwigaeth Cymru. 

en-gb	As this included management costs using warfarin which has since been withdrawn, the cost to the forestry industry is now likely to be higher due to the increased cost of trapping.
cy-gb	Gan fod y ffigur hwn yn cynnwys costau rheoli gan ddefnyddio warffarin, a bod hwnnw wedi’i dynnu oddi ar y farchnad ers hynny, mae’n debygol bod y gost i’r diwydiant coedwigaeth yn uwch erbyn hyn gan fod trapio’n costio mwy.

en-gb	 CABI – Williams et al (2010) – Economic cost of Invasive Non-native species on Great Britain 
cy-gb	 CABI – Williams et al (2010) – Economic cost of Invasive Non-native species on Great Britain 

en-gb	Recent anecdotal evidence from the private sector  has indicated instances of severe damage to young woodland ranging from 20-100% depending on age and species, with broadleaves particularly badly hit. 
cy-gb	Mae tystiolaeth anecdotaidd ddiweddar o’r sector preifat  yn awgrymu bod coetiroedd ifanc yn cael eu difrodi’n ddifrifol, gan amrywio o 20-100% yn dibynnu ar yr oedran a’r rhywogaeth, a bod coed llydanddail yn cael eu taro’n arbennig o wael. 

en-gb	This can bring additional costs of replacing dead trees, or the potential loss of grant aid due to failure of the crop. 
cy-gb	Gall hyn arwain at gostau ychwanegol o ran plannu coed newydd, neu’r posibilrwydd o golli arian grant oherwydd bod cnwd wedi methu. 

en-gb	In extreme cases, complete felling and replanting of woodland copses have been known where damage is such that trees cannot retain or increase in productive value. 
cy-gb	Mewn achosion eithafol, bu’n rhaid cwympo ac ailblannu coedlannau cyfan oherwydd bod cymaint o ddifrod fel nad oedd modd cynnal na chynyddu gwerth cynhyrchiol y coed. 

en-gb	Higher levels of damage may be more acceptable in broadleaved woodland grown for amenity or biodiversity reasons, where the cost of grey squirrel management cannot be justified.
cy-gb	Gall lefelau uwch o ddifrod fod yn fwy derbyniol mewn coetiroedd llydanddail a dyfir am resymau amwynder neu fioamrywiaeth lle na ellir cyfiawnhau’r gost o reoli’r wiwer lwyd.

en-gb	 Confor – collated member evidence (2016)
cy-gb	 Confor – crynodeb o dystiolaeth yr aelodau (2016

en-gb	The reduction of economic value from affected woodland can result in discouraging owners from undertaking woodland management and creation. 
cy-gb	Gall y gostyngiad yng ngwerth economaidd y coetiroedd yr effeithir arnynt atal perchnogion rhag mynd ati i reoli ac i greu coetiroedd. 

en-gb	Evidence indicates that thinning broadleaved trees to reduce competition and enable tree growth can increase the risk of grey squirrel damage to the remaining trees . 
cy-gb	Mae tystiolaeth yn dangos y gall teneuo coed llydanddail i leihau cystadleuaeth ac i alluogi’r coed i dyfu gynyddu’r risg y bydd y coed sy’n weddill yn cael eu difrodi gan y wiwer lwyd .  

en-gb	Hence trees that are grown for quality timber will require a higher commitment to grey squirrel management.  
cy-gb	Felly, mae tyfu coed i gynhyrchu pren o safon yn galw am fwy o ymrwymiad i reoli’r wiwer lwyd. 

en-gb	Forestry statistics show a 50% decline in hardwood timber production over the last 40 years from 48,000 down to 23,000 green tonnes in Wales 16 . 
cy-gb	Mae ystadegau coedwigaeth yn dangos bod y pren caled a gynhyrchir wedi gostwng 50% dros y deugain mlynedd diwethaf, o 48,000 i 23,000 tunnell werdd yng Nghymru . 

en-gb	The increase in demand for lower value firewood may help to stimulate some woodland management, but the trend for managing broadleaves for quality timber production is clearly downwards. 
cy-gb	Gall y cynnydd yn y galw am goed tân o werth is helpu i sbarduno rhywfaint o waith i reoli coetiroedd, ond mae’n amlwg bod y duedd o ran rheoli coetiroedd llydanddail i gynhyrchu pren o safon ar i lawr. 

en-gb	The impact of grey squirrel damage on quality timber production places more reliance on timber imports to the UK, which accounted for 82% of all wood (produced and imported) in 2015 . 
cy-gb	Gan fod y difrod y mae’r wiwer lwyd yn ei wneud yn effeithio ar gynhyrchu pren o safon, mae’r DU yn dibynnu mwy ar fewnforio pren, ac roedd hyn yn cyfrif am 82% o’r holl bren (a gynhyrchwyd ac a fewnforiwyd) yn 2015 . 

en-gb	Increasing production of home-grown quality timber would support sustainable management of natural resources and contribute to the well-being goal of “A globally responsible Wales” within the Wellbeing of Future Generations (Wales) Act.  
cy-gb	O gynhyrchu mwy o bren o safon yng Nghymru, byddai’n cefnogi’r gwaith o reoli adnoddau naturiol yn gynaliadwy ac yn cyfrannu at y nod llesiant, “Cymru sy’n gyfrifol ar lefel fyd-eang”, o dan Ddeddf Llesiant Cenedlaethau’r Dyfodol (Cymru).

en-gb	  Mayle et al (2009) – Influence of tree size and dominance on incidence of bark stripping by grey squirrels to oak and impact on tree growth. 
cy-gb	 Mayle et al (2009) – Influence of tree size and dominance on incidence of bark stripping by grey squirrels to oak and impact on tree growth. 

en-gb	Forestry Vol 82 16 FC Statistics – wood production and trade (2016)
cy-gb	Forestry, Cyfrol 82 Ystadegau’r Comisiwn Coedwigaeth – cynhyrchu a masnachu pren (2016)

en-gb	 FC Statistics – trade (2016
cy-gb	 Ystadegau’r Comisiwn Coedwigaeth – masnach (2016)

en-gb	Other less obvious costs to the economy attributed to grey squirrel includes damage to loft insulation and wiring. 
cy-gb	Ymhlith costau llai amlwg y wiwer lwyd i’r economi mae difrod i wifrau a deunydd inswleiddio atigau. 

en-gb	Such damage and associated costs of control was estimated at around £427,000 per year for Wales . 
cy-gb	Amcangyfrifwyd bod difrod o’r fath, a’r costau rheoli cysylltiedig, yn costio oddeutu £427,000 y flwyddyn i Gymru . 

en-gb	Another consideration is the health and safety risk of damaged trees and the associated cost of arboricultural services.
cy-gb	Ystyriaeth arall yw’r risg iechyd a diogelwch sy’n gysylltiedig â choed sydd wedi’u difrodi, ynghyd â’r gost sy’n gysylltiedig â gwasanaethau coedyddiaeth.

en-gb	  Williams et al (2010) Economic cost of Invasive Non-native species on Great Britain – Final Report. 
cy-gb	  Williams et al (2010) Economic cost of Invasive Non-native species on Great Britain – Final Report . 

en-gb	Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International,  Wallingford, UK
cy-gb	Canolfan Amaethyddiaeth a Biowyddoniaeth Rhyngwladol (CABI), Wallingford, y DU 

en-gb	3.1.3 Mitigating Climate change
cy-gb	3.1.1 Lliniaru Effeithiau Newid hinsawdd

en-gb	Producing timber of a quality that can be used in long term products ensures that the carbon removed by the growing trees is stored, often for lengthy periods. 
cy-gb	O gynhyrchu pren o safon i’w ddefnyddio mewn cynnyrch hirdymor, mae’n sicrhau bod y carbon sy’n cael ei ddal gan y coed wrth iddynt dyfu’n cael ei storio, a hynny’n aml am gyfnodau hir. 

en-gb	Such products are often more suitable for further re-use as recovered timber, extending the storage of carbon further. 
cy-gb	Mae cynnyrch o’r fath yn aml yn addas i’w ailddefnyddio fel pren wedi’i adfer, gan sicrhau bod y carbon yn cael ei storio am yn hirach. 

en-gb	Good quality hardwood timber can be re-used many times before the timber needs to be disposed of. 
cy-gb	Gellir ailddefnyddio pren caled o ansawdd da lawer gwaith cyn bod angen cael gwared arno. 

en-gb	Damage by squirrels prevents broadleaved trees from growing to a size or quality where the timber is useful for longer term end uses such as construction. 
cy-gb	Mae difrod gan wiwerod yn atal coed llydanddail rhag tyfu i fod o faint neu o ansawdd lle maent yn ddefnyddiol at ddibenion mwy hirdymor, fel adeiladu. 

en-gb	Although conifer species are less prone to damage, policies to encourage species diversity through including broadleaves in conifer sites are likely to have made these plantations more attractive to grey squirrel, reflected in increasing reports of conifer damage . 
cy-gb	Er bod rhywogaethau conwydd yn llai tueddol o gael eu difrodi, mae’n debygol bod polisïau sy’n annog amrywiaeth o rywogaethau, drwy blannu coed llydanddail ar safleoedd conwydd, wedi peri i’r planhigfeydd hyn fod yn fwy atyniadol i’r wiwer lwyd, ac mae’r adroddiadau cynyddol am ddifrod i goed conwydd yn adlewyrchu hyn . 

en-gb	The twin impacts of grey squirrel on tree death and lower tree growth rate also reduces the overall ability of a woodland to lock up carbon and hence can indirectly  affect the contribution of woodland to the mitigation of climate change.
cy-gb	Mae’r effaith ddeuol y mae’r wiwer lwyd yn ei chael, o ran marwolaeth coed a lleihau’r cyfraddau twf, hefyd yn lleihau gallu cyffredinol coetiroedd i gloi carbon. Felly, gall effeithio’n anuniongyrchol  ar gyfraniad coetiroedd at liniaru effeithiau newid hinsawdd.

en-gb	Grey squirrel damage has also been found to contribute to a change in the constituent tree species within a woodland through impact on natural regeneration and vulnerable tree species. 
cy-gb	Canfuwyd hefyd fod difrod gan y wiwer lwyd yn cyfrannu at newid y rhywogaethau o goed a geir mewn coetiroedd oherwydd ei bod yn effeithio ar aildyfiant naturiol ac ar rywogaethau coed sy’n agored i niwed. 

en-gb	This can result in a less diverse species mix and age structure, with implications for woodland habitat resilience in response to climate change. 
cy-gb	Gall hyn arwain at lai o amrywiaeth o rywogaethau ac oedran, ac mae i hyn oblygiadau o ran cydnerthedd cynefinoedd coetir yn wyneb newid hinsawdd. 

en-gb	The predicted milder winters resulting from climate change are likely to favour grey squirrel survival, and hence a rise in tree damage in future years. 
cy-gb	Mae’n debygol y bydd y gaeafau mwynach a ragwelir yn sgil newid hinsawdd yn ffafrio goroesiad y wiwer lwyd, ac felly bydd y difrod i goed yn cynyddu yn y dyfodol. 

en-gb	When coupled to an increase in pests and diseases also arising from climate change, the pressure on tree health is likely to grow. 
cy-gb	Ochr yn ochr â chynnydd mewn plâu a chlefydau yn sgil newid hinsawdd, mae’n debygol y bydd y pwysau ar iechyd coed yn cynyddu. 

en-gb	Thus, the potential for grey squirrel damage acts as a barrier to the ‘future proofing’ of forests and the use of new potential tree crop species that may be resistant to emerging tree pests and diseases or more suited to predicted climatic change . 
cy-gb	Felly, mae’r posibilrwydd o ddifrod gan y wiwer lwyd yn rhwystr rhag mynd ati i ddiogelu coedwigoedd at y dyfodol drwy ddefnyddio rhywogaethau coed newydd a allai wrthsefyll y plâu a’r clefydau coed sy’n dod i’r amlwg neu fod yn fwy addas ar gyfer y newid hinsawdd a ragwelir . 

en-gb	  Shuttleworth et al. 
cy-gb	  Shuttleworth et al. 

en-gb	(2012). 
cy-gb	(2012). 

en-gb	Integrating red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) habitat requirements with the management of pathogenic tree disease in commercial forests in the UK. 
cy-gb	Integrating red squirrel ( Sciurus vulgaris ) habitat requirements with the management of pathogenic tree disease in commercial forests in the UK. 

en-gb	Forest Ecology and Management 279: 
cy-gb	Forest Ecology and Management 279: 

en-gb	167-175
cy-gb	167-175

en-gb	3.2  Implications of Inaction – a summary
cy-gb	3.2 Goblygiadau gwneud dim – crynodeb 

en-gb	Grey squirrel populations are likely to increase in light of milder winters and the expansion of favourable broadleaved habitat .  
cy-gb	Mae poblogaethau’r wiwer lwyd yn debygol o gynyddu yn sgil gaeafau mwynach a’r camau i ehangu cynefinoedd llydanddail sy’n ffafriol iddi .  

en-gb	The impacts are listed above, and the implications for inaction are as follows:-
cy-gb	Rhestrir yr effeithiau uchod. Isod, rhestrir goblygiadau gwneud dim:-

en-gb	 Press Release March 16 – Grey squirrel numbers to increase – European Squirrel Imitative 
cy-gb	  Datganiad i’r Wasg Mawrth 16 – Grey squirrel numbers to increase – Menter Gwiwerod Ewrop

en-gb	Red Squirrels – populations of red squirrel are likely to be lost if the current on-going programmes of grey squirrel management are not continued. 
cy-gb	Y wiwer goch – mae’n debygol y bydd poblogaethau’r wiwer goch yn diflannu os na fydd y rhaglenni presennol i reoli’r wiwer lwyd yn parhau. 

en-gb	This is recognised in the Red Squirrels Conservation Plan for Wales. 
cy-gb	Caiff hyn ei gydnabod yn y Cynllun Cymru i Ddiogelu’r Wiwer Goch. 

en-gb	This management action plan seeks to compliment and build on the grey squirrel management work undertaken to date.
cy-gb	Mae’r cynllun gweithredu hwn yn ceisio ategu’r gwaith a wnaed hyd yma i reoli’r wiwer lwyd, ac adeiladu ar y gwaith hwnnw.

en-gb	Designated sites –grey squirrel damage will continue to impact on the condition of woodland habitats and associated biodiversity. 
cy-gb	Safleoedd dynodedig – bydd difrod gan y wiwer lwyd yn parhau i effeithio ar gyflwr cynefinoedd coetir a bioamrywiaeth y cynefinoedd hynny. 

en-gb	This could potentially undermine the delivery of the Nature Recovery Action Plan for Wales, the LIFE Natura 2000 Programme After-LIFE Conservation Plan and the Prioritised Action Framework for Wales, and could result in penalties from the European Union.
cy-gb	Gallai hyn danseilio’r camau i gyflawni Cynllun Adfer Natur Cymru, Cynllun Cadwraeth Natura 2000 ar ôl LIFE, a Fframwaith Gweithredu Blaenoriaethau Cymru, a gallai arwain at gosbau gan yr Undeb Ewropeaidd.

en-gb	Woodlands for Wales strategy – contributes to a number of wider WG strategies and policies, including the WG Natural Resources Policy. 
cy-gb	Strategaeth Coetiroedd i Gymru – mae’n cyfrannu at nifer o strategaethau a pholisïau ehangach Llywodraeth Cymru, gan gynnwys y Polisi Adnoddau Naturiol. 

en-gb	Grey squirrels impact on the delivery of a number of outcomes in the following strategic themes of the WfW Strategy, which in turn will affect the contribution of woodlands towards these wider WG policies:- 
cy-gb	Mae’r wiwer lwyd yn effeithio ar y gwaith o gyflawni nifer o ganlyniadau themâu strategol Strategaeth Coetiroedd i Gymru, a bydd hyn yn ei dro yn effeithio ar gyfraniad coetiroedd at bolisïau ehangach Llywodraeth Cymru:-

en-gb	Welsh Woodlands and Trees  – Impacts on tree survival, loss of growth, timber quality and end-use can discourage woodland management or new planting. 
cy-gb	Coetiroedd a choed Cymru – Gall yr effaith ar oroesiad coed, diffyg twf, ansawdd pren a’r defnydd a wneir ohono yn y pen draw atal perchnogion rhag rheoli coetiroedd neu blannu coetiroedd newydd. 

en-gb	Reduction in the choice of alternative tree species in the face of new pests and diseases, impacting on woodland resilience . 
cy-gb	Gall leihau’r dewis o rywogaethau coed amgen yn wyneb plâu a chlefydau newydd, a gall hyn effeithio ar gydnerthedd coetiroedd . 

en-gb	  Shuttleworth et al. 
cy-gb	  Shuttleworth et al. 

en-gb	(2012). 
cy-gb	(2012). 

en-gb	Integrating red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) habitat requirements with the management of pathogenic tree disease in commercial forests in the UK. 
cy-gb	Integrating red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) habitat requirements with the management of pathogenic tree disease in commercial forests in the UK. 

en-gb	Forest Ecology and Management 279: 
cy-gb	Forest Ecology and Management 279: 

en-gb	167-175
cy-gb	167-175.

en-gb	Responding to Climate Change – Damage affects  the rate of carbon capture in both new and existing woodlands, and the potential for substitution for non-renewable materials e.g. in construction.   
cy-gb	Ymateb i’r newid yn yr hinsawdd – Mae difrod yn effeithio ar swm y carbon sy’n cael ei ddal gan goetiroedd newydd a choetiroedd sy’n bodoli eisoes, ynghyd â’r posibilrwydd o’u defnyddio yn lle deunyddiau anadnewyddadwy e.e. ym maes adeiladu.

en-gb	A competitive and integrated Forest Sector –Damage affects the production of usable, versatile timber for processing and reduces the potential of Wales to capitalise on a demand for home-grown timber with fewer opportunities for timber processing businesses and associated employment.
cy-gb	Sector coedwigaeth cystadleuol ac integredig – Mae difrod yn effeithio ar y gwaith o gynhyrchu pren amlbwrpas a defnyddiadwy i’w brosesu, ac mae’n lleihau’r posibilrwydd y gall Cymru fanteisio ar y galw am bren cynhenid, gan leihau’r cyfleoedd sydd ar gael i fusnesau prosesu pren a lleihau nifer y swyddi cysylltiedig.

en-gb	Environmental Quality – The composition and quality of designated sites, ancient woodlands, native woodlands habitats and other plantings can be impacted by grey squirrel. 
cy-gb	Ansawdd yr amgylchedd – Gall y wiwer lwyd effeithio ar gyfansoddiad ac ansawdd safleoedd dynodedig, coetiroedd hynafol, cynefinoedd coetir brodorol a phlanhigfeydd eraill. 

en-gb	Reduction in the benefits provided by woodland e.g. water and soil protection. 
cy-gb	Bydd coetiroedd yn darparu llai o fuddion e.e. amddiffyn pridd a dŵr.

en-gb	3.3 Cost-benefit of Management
cy-gb	3.3 Cost a budd rheoli’r wiwer lwyd

en-gb	3.3.1 Timber production 
cy-gb	3.3.1 Cynhyrchu pren

en-gb	There is little data to identify the point at which grey squirrel management becomes costeffective in relation to the end market value of the timber. 
cy-gb	Ni cheir fawr ddim data sy’n pennu’r pwynt lle mae’n gosteffeithiol rheoli’r wiwer lwyd o’i gymharu â gwerth y pren ar y farchnad. 

en-gb	This is difficult to determine, as the estimate of the final tree crop is made during the damage-vulnerable period, at least 50 years before harvest .  
cy-gb	Mae’n anodd pennu’r pwynt hwn gan fod cnwd terfynol coeden yn cael ei amcangyfrif yn ystod y cyfnod pan mae’n agored i niwed, o leiaf 50 mlynedd cyn ei chynaeafu .  

en-gb	There are many variables that affect this, including the owners’ objectives, tree species, site conditions, growth rate, end market, the level of grey squirrel populations and subsequent damage. 
cy-gb	Mae llawer o newidynnau’n effeithio ar hyn, gan gynnwys amcanion y perchennog, y rhywogaeth, amodau’r safle, y gyfradd twf, y farchnad, maint poblogaeth y wiwer lwyd, a’r difrod a wneir ganddi. 

en-gb	The potential economic impact of squirrel damage on woodlands can influence the choice of species planted.  
cy-gb	Gall effaith economaidd bosibl difrod gan y wiwer lwyd ddylanwadu ar y rhywogaethau sy’n cael eu plannu.

en-gb	  Mayle and Broome (2013) – Changes in the impact and control of an invasive alien: 
cy-gb	  Mayle and Broome (2013) – Changes in the impact and control of an invasive alien: 

en-gb	the grey squirrel in Great Britain, as determined from regional surveys
cy-gb	the grey squirrel in Great Britain, as determined from regional surveys

en-gb	Since the withdrawal of warfarin poison, humane trapping and dispatch is the main method of management. 
cy-gb	Ers tynnu’r gwenwyn warffarin oddi ar y farchnad, trapio gwiwerod llwyd a’u lladd heb greulondeb yw’r prif ddull o’u rheoli. 

en-gb	However the labour costs of maintaining such traps over the main active period from late April to the end of July mean that costs have increased significantly. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, mae’r costau llafur sydd ynghlwm wrth gynnal trapiau o’r fath dros y cyfnod prysur rhwng diwedd mis Ebrill a diwedd mis Gorffennaf yn golygu bod y costau wedi cynyddu’n sylweddol. 

en-gb	Anecdotal evidence from the private sector indicated that the costs range from £21-£71 per hectare per year, depending on the method chosen, distances travelled and accessibility of the woodland. 
cy-gb	Mae tystiolaeth anecdotaidd o’r sector preifat yn dangos bod y costau’n amrywio o £21-£71 yr hectar y flwyddyn, gan ddibynnu ar y dull a ddewisir, y pellteroedd a deithir, a pha mor hygyrch yw’r coetir. 

en-gb	Well planned and sustained grey squirrel management can make a difference. 
cy-gb	O gynllunio’r dull o reoli’r wiwer lwyd yn dda a’i ddefnyddio’n barhaus, gall wneud gwahaniaeth. 

en-gb	The Forestry Commission annual assessments of squirrel damage to woodlands in southern England showed that damage levels reduced from 50% to 8% following 11 years of annual control . 
cy-gb	Mae asesiadau blynyddol y Comisiwn Coedwigaeth o’r difrod a wnaed gan wiwerod mewn coetiroedd yn ne Lloegr yn dangos bod y difrod wedi gostwng o 50% i 8% ar ôl ymgymryd â gwaith rheoli blynyddol am 11 mlynedd . 

en-gb	However, as many broadleaved tree species are vulnerable between the ages of 10-40 years, managing grey squirrel for quality timber objectives is a substantial commitment for the owner. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, gan fod llawer o rywogaethau o goed llydanddail yn agored i niwed pan fyddant rhwng 10-40 oed, mae rheoli’r wiwer lwyd er mwyn cynhyrchu pren o safon yn gofyn am ymrwymiad sylweddol gan y perchennog. 

en-gb	This investment can also be undermined where populations resurge or management fails in a particular year. 
cy-gb	Os bydd y poblogaethau’n cynyddu eto neu os bydd y gwaith rheoli’n methu mewn blwyddyn benodol, gall danseilio’r buddsoddiad a wnaed. 

en-gb	Given the geographical spread and mobility of grey squirrel, many landowners cannot justify the costs. 
cy-gb	O ystyried dosbarthiad daearyddol y wiwer lwyd a’i gallu i symud, ni all llawer o dirfeddianwyr gyfiawnhau’r gost.

en-gb	  Derbridge JJ, Pepper HW, Koprowksi JL (2016). 
cy-gb	  Derbridge JJ, Pepper HW, Koprowksi JL (2016). 

en-gb	Economic damage by invasive grey squirrels in Europe. 
cy-gb	Economic damage by invasive grey squirrels in Europe. 

en-gb	(2016). 
cy-gb	(2016). 

en-gb	In: 
cy-gb	In: 

en-gb	The grey squirrel Ecology & Management of an invasive species in Europe, 393-405. 
cy-gb	The grey squirrel Ecology & Management of an invasive species in Europe , 393-405. 

en-gb	European Squirrel Initiative
cy-gb	Menter Gwiwerod Ewrop

en-gb	3.3.2 Biodiversity
cy-gb	3.3.2 Bioamrywiaeth

en-gb	The cost-benefit of grey squirrel management for biodiversity reasons such as protecting red squirrels or reducing damage to designated woodland habitats is also difficult to gauge. 
cy-gb	Mae hefyd yn anodd mesur cost a budd y gwaith o reoli’r wiwer lwyd am resymau bioamrywiaeth, fel diogelu’r wiwer goch neu leihau’r difrod i gynefinoedd coetir dynodedig. 

en-gb	The eradication of grey squirrels from Anglesey between 1998 and 2015 is estimated to have cost just over £1million . 
cy-gb	Amcangyfrifir iddi gostio ychydig dros £1 miliwn i ddileu’r wiwer lwyd o Ynys Môn rhwng 1998 a 2015 . 

en-gb	The Mid Wales Red Squirrel Partnership estimated around £14,000 was spent on grey squirrel management in 2015-16, most being volunteer time, estimated at around half of the labour cost/hour on private estates.  
cy-gb	Mae Partneriaeth Gwiwerod Coch Canolbarth Cymru yn amcangyfrif bod tua £14,000 wedi’i wario i reoli’r wiwer lwyd yn 2015-16. Amser gwirfoddolwyr sy’n cyfrif am y rhan fwyaf o’r gost honno, ac fe’i hamcangyfrifir ar sail tua hanner y gost llafur/awr ar ystadau preifat.  

en-gb	  Derbridge JJ, Pepper HW, Koprowksi JL (2016). 
cy-gb	  Derbridge JJ, Pepper HW, Koprowksi JL (2016). 

en-gb	Economic damage by invasive grey squirrels in Europe. 
cy-gb	Economic damage by invasive grey squirrels in Europe. 

en-gb	(2016). 
cy-gb	(2016). 

en-gb	In: 
cy-gb	In: 

en-gb	The grey squirrel Ecology & Management of an invasive species in Europe , 393-405. 
cy-gb	The grey squirrel Ecology & Management of an invasive species in Europe , 393-405. 

en-gb	European Squirrel Initiative
cy-gb	Menter Gwiwerod Ewrop 

en-gb	NRW spends between £20-30,000 per annum on grey squirrel management for the conservation of red squirrels on the Welsh Government Woodland Estate (WGWE). 
cy-gb	Mae Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru’n gwario rhwng £20-30,000 y flwyddyn ar reoli’r wiwer lwyd er mwyn diogelu’r wiwer goch ar Ystad Goed Llywodraeth Cymru. 

en-gb	This varies depending on the availability of funding and complements other active projects such as Red Squirrels United  and BASC Green Shoot  projects. Whenever possible, NRW also incorporates sensitive conservation management within the three red squirrel focal areas (Mid Wales, Clocaenog and Anglesey) to benefit their habitat. 
cy-gb	Mae hyn yn amrywio gan ddibynnu ar y cyllid sydd ar gael ac mae’n ategu prosiectau eraill, fel Gwiwerod Coch Unedig  a phrosiect Green Shoots BASC  Lle bynnag y bo modd, mae Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru hefyd yn ymgymryd â gwaith cadwraeth sensitif ar dri phrif safle’r wiwer goch (y Canolbarth, Clocaenog ac Ynys Môn) er lles cynefinoedd y wiwer goch. 

en-gb	Longer term actions such as retaining harvestable trees, maintaining connectivity and restocking with less productive tree species to diversity habitat, can add to costs.  
cy-gb	Gall camau mwy hirdymor, fel cadw coed y gellir eu cynaeafu, cynnal y cysylltiadau rhwng coetiroedd, ac ailstocio coetiroedd â rhywogaethau llai cynhyrchiol i greu cynefinoedd mwy amrywiol, ychwanegu at y gost.

en-gb	www.dev-squirrel.pantheonsite.io
cy-gb	www.dev-squirrel.pantheonsite.io

en-gb	www.basc.org.uk/conservation/green-shoots/
cy-gb	www.basc.org.uk/conservation/green-shoots/

en-gb	It should be noted that the extent of grey squirrel management, whether undertaken by volunteer groups, or private or public landowners, is dependent on funding and available resources. 
cy-gb	Dylid nodi bod hyd a lled y gwaith o reoli’r wiwer lwyd, boed gan grwpiau gwirfoddol neu dirfeddianwyr preifat neu gyhoeddus, yn dibynnu ar y cyllid a’r adnoddau sydd ar gael. 

en-gb	This  an often limit the amount that can be achieved, whether for red squirrel conservation, habitat restoration or the protection of timber crops.
cy-gb	Yn aml, gall hyn gyfyngu ar yr hyn y gellir ei gyflawni, boed o ran diogelu’r wiwer goch, adfer cynefinoedd neu amddiffyn cnydau pren.

en-gb	A strategic Approach to Management
cy-gb	Dull rheoli strategol

en-gb	Section 14 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) makes it illegal to release or allow to escape into the wild any animal which is not ordinarily resident in Great Britain and is not a regular visitor to Great Britain in a wild state, or is listed in Schedule 9 to the Act. 
cy-gb	O dan adran 14 o Ddeddf Bywyd Gwyllt a Chefn Gwlad 1981, mae’n anghyfreithlon rhyddhau i’r gwyllt unrhyw anifail nad yw fel rheol yn preswylio ym Mhrydain Fawr ac nad yw’n ymwelydd cyson â Phrydain Fawr yn ei gyflwr gwyllt, neu unrhyw anifail sydd wedi’i restru yn Atodlen 9 i’r Ddeddf. 

en-gb	The grey squirrel is included in Schedule 9 meaning that it is illegal to release a grey squirrel into the wild, or allow one to escape, even if it was taken into captivity for welfare reasons. 
cy-gb	Mae hefyd yn anghyfreithlon caniatáu i anifail o’r fath ddianc. Mae’r wiwer lwyd wedi’i chynnwys yn Atodlen 9. Felly, mae’n anghyfreithlon rhyddhau gwiwer lwyd, neu ganiatáu iddi ddianc, hyd yn oed os cafodd ei chaethiwo am resymau lles. 

en-gb	Under the Animal Welfare Act 2006, it is an offence to cause unnecessary suffering to an animal under a persons control (this includes animals held in cage traps).The Animal Welfare Act  also places a responsibility on a person to ensure that the welfare needs of all animals under their control, are met. 
cy-gb	O dan Ddeddf Lles Anifeiliaid 2006, mae’n drosedd peri i anifail o dan reolaeth person ddioddef yn ddiangen (ac mae hyn yn cynnwys anifeiliaid a gaiff eu dal mewn cewyll). Mae’r Ddeddf Lles Anifeiliaid hefyd yn rhoi dyletswydd ar unigolyn i sicrhau bod anghenion lles yr holl anifeiliaid sydd o dan ei reolaeth yn cael eu bodloni. 

en-gb	More recently, Article 7 of the IAS Regulation provides that invasive alien species of Union concern shall not be intentionally released in to the environment. 
cy-gb	Yn fwy diweddar, mae Erthygl 7 o’r Rheoliad Rhywogaethau Estron Goresgynnol yn darparu na chaniateir rhyddhau rhywogaethau estron goresgynnol sy’n peri pryder i’r Undeb yn fwriadol i’r amgylchedd. 

en-gb	4.1 Targeting Resources
cy-gb	4.1 Targedu adnoddau

en-gb	Owing to the widespread and prevalent nature of the grey squirrel population in Wales, any type of grey squirrel management needs to be long-term and collaborative if it is to be effective 28 . 
cy-gb	Gan fod y wiwer lwyd yn gyffredin dros ran helaeth o Gymru, rhaid cydweithio dros gyfnod hir er mwyn i’r gwaith o’i rheoli fod yn effeithiol . 

en-gb	Grey squirrel management for the protection of red squirrel populations is effective when carried out as a continuous programme of strategic trapping, both within the core focal areas and in surrounding buffer areas. 
cy-gb	Mae’r gwaith o reoli’r wiwer lwyd er mwyn diogelu’r wiwer goch yn effeithiol pan fydd rhaglen drapio strategol yn cael ei rhoi ar waith yn barhaus yn y prif ardaloedd craidd a’r ardaloedd clustogi o’u hamgylch. 

en-gb	If this action were to stop, grey squirrels would recolonize these areas 29 . 
cy-gb	Pe bai’r rhaglen hon yn dod i ben, byddai’r wiwer lwyd yn ailgytrefu’r ardaloedd hyn 29 . 

en-gb	The same applies where management is undertaken for other reasons – whether to protect a young timber crop or alleviate pressure on a woodland habitat. 
cy-gb	Mae hyn hefyd yn wir pan fo gwaith rheoli’n cael ei wneud am resymau eraill – boed i ddiogelu cnwd pren ifanc neu i ysgafnhau’r pwysau ar gynefinoedd coetir. 

en-gb	The decision by a landowner to control squirrels is an on-going commitment of resources and finance during the 30 years or more that the timber crop is vulnerable. 
cy-gb	Pan fydd tirfeddiannwr yn penderfynu rheoli gwiwerod, mae’n gwneud ymrwymiad parhaus i ddarparu adnoddau a chyllid dros y cyfnod o 30 mlynedd neu ragor pan fydd cnwd pren yn agored i niwed. 

en-gb	The level of management needs to be relevant to the objectives of the woodlands.
cy-gb	Rhaid i hyd a lled y gwaith rheoli fod yn gymesur â’r amcanion ar gyfer y coetir.

en-gb	At a time of reducing resources, the following categories should be targeted for grey squirrel management. 
cy-gb	Ar adeg pan fo adnoddau’n lleihau, dylid targedu’r categorïau a ganlyn i reoli’r wiwer lwyd. 

en-gb	These are not in any order of priority as the end decision to manage grey squirrel rests with the landowner.
cy-gb	Nid yw’r rhain mewn trefn blaenoriaeth gan mai’r tirfeddiannwr fydd yn penderfynu rheoli’r wiwer lwyd yn y pen draw.

en-gb	Grey Squirrel Management
cy-gb	Rheoli gwiwerod llwyd

en-gb	Ancient Semi-natural woodlands / SSSIs and Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) / Plantation on Ancient Woodland Sites (PAWS) under restoration Red Squirrel focal areas and buffer zones
cy-gb	Coetiroedd lled-naturiol hynafol/SoDdGA ac Ardaloedd Cadwraeth Arbennig (ACA)/Planhigfeydd ar Safleoedd Coetir Hynafol (PSCH) o dan adferArdaloedd ffocws a chlustogfeydd gwiwerod coch

en-gb	Woodland where timber production is the objective and a landscape scale approach to grey squirrel management is proposed (including other features which harbour grey squirrel populations)
cy-gb	Coetiroedd lle mae cynhyrchu coed yw’r amcan a dull gweithredu ar raddfa tirwedd i reoli gwiwerod llwyd (i gynnwys nodweddau eraill sy’n llochesu poblogaethau gwiwerod llwyd)

en-gb	Shuttleworth et al (2016) Identifying incursion pathways, early detection responses and management actions to prevent grey squirrel range expansion; 
cy-gb	29  Shuttleworth et al (2016) Identifying incursion pathways, early detection responses and management actions to prevent grey squirrel range expansion; 

en-gb	an island case study in Wales. 
cy-gb	an island case study in Wales. 

en-gb	The Grey squirrel: 
cy-gb	The Grey squirrel: 

en-gb	ecology and management of an invasive species in Europe
cy-gb	ecology and management of an invasive species in Europe

en-gb	Although broad, these categories reflect the impact of grey squirrel on a range of woodland types and their objectives, and reflect the objectives of this plan.  
cy-gb	Er eu bod yn eang, mae’r categorïau hyn yn adlewyrchu effaith y wiwer lwyd ar amrywiaeth o fathau o goetiroedd a’u hamcanion, ac yn adlewyrchu amcanion y cynllun hwn. 

en-gb	It is likely that the nature and availability of public funding may mean that the main focus is the protection of red squirrel populations. 
cy-gb	Oherwydd natur ac argaeledd cyllid cyhoeddus, mae’n debygol mai diogelu poblogaethau’r wiwer goch fydd prif ffocws y gwaith. 

en-gb	However there is scope for landowners to co-operate to achieve their own objectives, given adequate support through access to training, trap loan schemes and best practice. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, gallai tirfeddianwyr gydweithio i gyflawni eu hamcanion nhw pe baent yn cael digon o gymorth drwy gael mynediad at hyfforddiant, cynlluniau benthyg trapiau ac arferion gorau. 

en-gb	The categories provide a focus for collaborative action at a landscape scale potentially encompassing a mix of the categories listed.  
cy-gb	Mae’r categorïau yn rhoi ffocws i’r camau gweithredu ar y cyd ar raddfa tirwedd a all gynnwys cyfuniad o’r categorïau a restrir. 

en-gb	As recognised in the Red Squirrels Conservation Plan for Wales, a collaborative approach at a landscape scale is recommended to maximise effectiveness, and financial assistance, where available, should reflect this.  
cy-gb	Yn unol â Chynllun Cymru i Ddiogelu’r Wiwer Goch, argymhellir cydweithio ar raddfa tirwedd i sicrhau bod y gwaith mor effeithiol â phosibl, a dylai cymorth ariannol, lle bo ar gael, adlewyrchu hynny. 

en-gb	A project officer approach to assist in co-ordination would also contribute to success. 
cy-gb	Byddai penodi swyddog prosiect i helpu i gydgysylltu’r gwaith hefyd yn cyfrannu at lwyddiant y gwaith. 

en-gb	A high level map of vulnerable wooded areas in Wales could be developed, based on a range of relevant available data in line with the priority categories listed above. 
cy-gb	Byddai modd llunio map lefel uchel o’r ardaloedd coediog yng Nghymru sy’n agored i niwed ar sail amrywiaeth o ddata perthnasol yn unol â’r categorïau â blaenoriaeth a nodir uchod. 

en-gb	The aim of the map would be to indicate clusters of vulnerable woods where collaborative action could be targeted on a landscape scale. 
cy-gb	Nod y map fyddai nodi clystyrau o ardaloedd coediog sy’n agored i niwed lle byddai modd targedu gwaith cydweithredol ar raddfa tirwedd. 

en-gb	Action on the ground would likely be dependent on available resources and landowner interest. 
cy-gb	Byddai gwaith ar lawr gwlad yn debygol o ddibynnu ar adnoddau a buddiannau tirfeddianwyr. 

en-gb	Although the map could provide background evidence for groups bidding for funding when/if this becomes available, this should not prevent a group with common objectives from working collaboratively elsewhere. 
cy-gb	Er gallai’r map ddarparu tystiolaeth gefndir i grwpiau a fydd yn gwneud cais am arian pan fydd / os bydd arian o’r fath ar gael, ni ddylai hyn atal grŵp sydd ag amcanion cyffredin rhag cydweithio mewn mannau eraill.

en-gb	Although individual landowners taking action on their own to control grey squirrels may not be as successful as a collaborative landscape scale approach, consideration will still be given to grant aiding individuals. 
cy-gb	Os bydd tirfeddianwyr yn mynd ati i reoli’r wiwer lwyd ar eu pennau eu hunain, efallai na fyddant yn llwyddo i’r un graddau â’r rheini sy’n cydweithio ar raddfa tirwedd, ond bydd unigolion sy’n cael grant yn dal i gael eu hystyried. 

en-gb	4.2  Limitations of grey squirrel management
cy-gb	4.2  Yr hyn sy’n cyfyngu ar y gwaith o reoli’r wiwer lwyd

en-gb	Public opinion  – Grey squirrels are firmly in the public eye as being part of British wildlife. 
cy-gb	Barn y cyhoedd  – Mae’r wiwer lwyd wedi ennill ei phlwyf ym meddyliau’r cyhoedd fel rhan o’n bywyd gwyllt. 

en-gb	The general public perception of the grey squirrel is one of endearment; 
cy-gb	Mae’r cyhoedd yn hoff o’r wiwer lwyd; 

en-gb	they are engaging animals and are often fed in gardens and parks. 
cy-gb	mae’n anifail hoffus ac mae’n aml yn cael ei fwydo mewn gerddi a pharciau. 

en-gb	Negative public reaction to grey squirrel management can be considerable, which has acted as a disincentive to manage grey squirrel numbers by some bodies and charities.
cy-gb	Gall y cyhoedd ymateb yn negyddol iawn i’r gwaith o reoli’r wiwer lwyd, ac mae hyn wedi rhwystro rhai cyrff ac elusennau rhag mynd ati i reoli ei niferoedd.

en-gb	Population  – The grey squirrel is a frequent breeder, having two litters per year, with a typical litter size of three young. 
cy-gb	Poblogaeth  – Mae’r wiwer lwyd yn bridio’n aml. Mae’n cael dau dorraid y flwyddyn, ac mae torraid cyffredin yn cynnwys tair gwiwer fach. 

en-gb	Estimated survival is around 50% per litter . 
cy-gb	Amcangyfrifir bod oddeutu 50% o bob torraid yn goroesi . 

en-gb	Young are ready to leave the drey at seven weeks of age. 
cy-gb	Mae’r gwiwerod bach yn barod i adael y nyth pan fyddant yn saith wythnos oed. 

en-gb	Population levels can vary according to availability of food, particularly in winter months . 
cy-gb	Gall lefelau’r boblogaeth amrywio’n fawr ar sail y bwyd sydd ar gael, yn enwedig dros fisoedd y gaeaf . 

en-gb	 Hayssen, V – Reproduction in grey squirrels: 
cy-gb	 Hayssen, V – Reproduction in grey squirrels: 

en-gb	from anatomy to conservation. 
cy-gb	from anatomy to conservation. 

en-gb	The Grey Squirrel – Ecology and Management of an Invasive Species in Europe (2016)
cy-gb	The Grey Squirrel – Ecology and Management of an Invasive Species in Europe (2016)

en-gb	  Gurnell, J. 
cy-gb	  Gurnell, J. 

en-gb	(1996) The effects of food availability and winter weather on the dynamics of a grey squirrel population in southern England. 
cy-gb	(1996) The effects of food availability and winter weather on the dynamics of a grey squirrel population in southern England. 

en-gb	Journal of Applied Ecology 33: 
cy-gb	Journal of Applied Ecology 33: 

en-gb	325-338 
cy-gb	325-338 

en-gb	Spread and Dispersal  – It is accepted that grey squirrels are prevalent in all parts of mainland Wales , apart from red squirrel focal areas where management is undertaken to reduce their numbers. 
cy-gb	Dosbarthiad a gwasgariad – Derbynnir bod y wiwer lwyd yn gyffredin ym mhob rhan o dir mawr Cymru , ac eithrio prif ardaloedd y wiwer goch lle mae camau rheoli ar waith i leihau ei niferoedd. 

en-gb	Dispersal routes favour woodland and river corridors, field and habitat edges, grass verges and tracks .  
cy-gb	Y llwybrau gwasgaru a ffefrir ganddi yw coridorau afonydd a choetiroedd, ymylon cynefinoedd a chaeau, lleiniau glas a thraciau .  

en-gb	Knowledge of these routes can be used to target management. 
cy-gb	O wybod am y llwybrau hyn, gellir targedu’r gwaith o reoli’r wiwer lwyd. 

en-gb	Habitat and food availability has been expanded as more broadleaved species have been planted. 
cy-gb	Mae mwy o gynefinoedd a bwyd ar gael yn sgil plannu mwy o rywogaethau llydanddail. 

en-gb	Policies that encourage diversification of conifer woodlands through broadleaved plantings are likely to have encouraged grey squirrel encroachment .  
cy-gb	Mae’n debygol bod polisïau sy’n annog plannu coed llydanddail mewn coetiroedd conwydd i greu mwy o amrywiaeth wedi annog y wiwer lwyd i ennill tir .  

en-gb	The average rate of colonisation in GB is considered to range from 5.7–8.2 km/year .   
cy-gb	Amcangyfrifir bod y wiwer lwyd yn cytrefu ym Mhrydain ar raddfa o 5.7-8.2km y flwyddyn .   

en-gb	  Signorile et al (2014) Do founder size, genetic diversity and structure influence rates of expansion of North American grey squirrels in Europe? 
cy-gb	  Signorile et al (2014) Do founder size, genetic diversity and structure influence rates of expansion of North American grey squirrels in Europe? 

en-gb	Diversity & Distribution DOI: 
cy-gb	Diversity & Distribution DOI: 

en-gb	10.1111/ddi.12222 
cy-gb	10.1111/ddi.12222 

en-gb	Isolated action  – Grant assistance for grey squirrel management has been on an individual basis in the past. 
cy-gb	Gweithredu ar wahân  – Yn y gorffennol, darparwyd cymorth grant i reoli’r wiwer lwyd i unigolion. 

en-gb	Efforts to manage grey squirrels can be undermined where neighbours fail to control squirrels in adjacent woods. 
cy-gb	Os nad yw eu cymdogion yn rheoli gwiwerod mewn coedwigoedd cyfagos, gall danseilio eu hymdrechion nhw i reoli’r wiwer lwyd. 

en-gb	Evidence indicates that grey squirrels will recolonize a cleared area within 6-8 weeks if adjacent uncontrolled populations are present .  
cy-gb	Mae tystiolaeth yn dangos bod y wiwer lwyd yn ailgytrefu ardal a gliriwyd o fewn 6-8 wythnos os nad yw’r poblogaethau cyfagos yn cael eu rheoli .  

en-gb	Hence the lack of co-operation between woodland owners is a disincentive to manage grey squirrels, and has discouraged the planting of broadleaved woodlands for quality timber 37 .  
cy-gb	Felly, os nad yw perchnogion coetiroedd yn cydweithio â’i gilydd, gall fod yn rhwystr rhag rheoli’r wiwer lwyd. Bu hyn hefyd yn rhwystr rhag plannu coetiroedd llydanddail i gynhyrchu pren o safon 37 .  

en-gb	  Mayle and Broome (2013) Changes in the impact and control of an invasive alien: 
cy-gb	  Mayle and Broome (2013) Changes in the impact and control of an invasive alien: 

en-gb	the grey squirrel in Great Britain, as determined from regional surveys.  
cy-gb	the grey squirrel in Great Britain, as determined from regional surveys.  

en-gb	Pest Management Science  69: 
cy-gb	Pest Management Science  69: 

en-gb	414-424 37 Confor – member’s comments
cy-gb	414-424 37 Confor – sylwadau aelodaus

en-gb	Costs of Management  – The main cost of grey squirrel management is labour – to set, check and reset traps. 
cy-gb	Costau rheoli – Llafur i osod, gwirio ac ailosod trapiau yw’r brif gost o reoli’r wiwer lwyd. 

en-gb	This is particularly relevant with the withdrawal of warfarin. 
cy-gb	Mae hyn yn arbennig o berthnasol yn sgil tynnu warffarin oddi ar y farchnad. 

en-gb	The long timescale over which management is needed, coupled to uncertainty about the end value of the timber produced, acts as a disincentive to owners. 
cy-gb	Mae’r angen i ymgymryd â gwaith rheoli dros gyfnod hir, ynghyd â’r ansicrwydd ynghylch gwerth y pren a gynhyrchir yn y pen draw, yn rhwystro perchnogion rhag ymgymryd â’r gwaith.

en-gb	Alternative food sources  – Where woodlands are adjacent to residential areas, efforts to trap grey squirrel are undermined by local residents providing alternative feed in gardens. 
cy-gb	Ffynonellau bwyd amgen  – Os yw coetiroedd wedi’u lleoli wrth ymyl ardaloedd preswyl, mae preswylwyr lleol sy’n darparu bwyd amgen i’r wiwer lwyd yn eu gerddi yn tanseilio’r ymdrechion i’w trapio. 

en-gb	The feeding of pheasants for shoots can provide an alternative food source, but is usually accompanied by management of grey squirrels.
cy-gb	Mae bwydo ffesantod i’w saethu yn gallu darparu ffynhonnell fwyd amgen, ond mae gwaith i reoli’r wiwer lwyd fel rheol yn digwydd ochr yn ochr â hyn.

en-gb	Costs of Eradication – A report by CABI examined the potential for eradication of grey squirrel in the UK estimated late stage eradication costs for the UK to be £850 million over 8 years, which was considered to be conservative. 
cy-gb	Costau dileu’r wiwer lwyd – Roedd adroddiad gan CABI yn trafod y posibilrwydd o ddileu’r wiwer lwyd o’r DU, gan amcangyfrif y byddai’n costio £850 miliwn dros gyfnod o wyth mlynedd i’w dileu yn hwyr yn y cyfnod goresgyn. Dywedir bod hwn yn amcangyfrif ceidwadol. 

en-gb	The equivalent cost in Wales would be £76 million over the same period. 
cy-gb	Byddai’n costio £76 miliwn i Gymru dros yr un cyfnod. 

en-gb	The report acknowledged that, given the practicalities of eradication, lessons from attempts to eradicate early invasion in Italy, and the failure of previous attempts to do so in mainland UK, it may no longer be possible to eradicate grey squirrels in Britain. 
cy-gb	O ystyried yr anawsterau ymarferol sy’n gysylltiedig â dileu’r wiwer lwyd, yr ymdrechion yn yr Eidal i’w dileu’n gynnar yn y cyfnod goresgyn, a methiant yr ymdrechion blaenorol i’w dileu o dir mawr y DU, mae’r adroddiad yn cydnabod efallai na fydd yn bosibl dileu’r wiwer lwyd o Brydain mwyach. 

en-gb	Despite the successful Anglesey eradication programme, the high dispersal ability, established population numbers, extended geographic border with England and the potential costs mean that the complete eradication from Wales is currently not possible. 
cy-gb	Er gwaethaf llwyddiant y rhaglen i ddileu’r wiwer lwyd o Ynys Môn, mae ei gallu i wasgaru, maint y boblogaeth sefydledig, y ffin ddaearyddol estynedig â Lloegr, a’r costau posibl yn golygu nad oes modd dileu’r wiwer lwyd o Gymru yn gyfan gwbl ar hyn o bryd. 

en-gb	Red squirrels  – Controlling and preventing the re-establishment of grey squirrel populations within red squirrel focal sites aims to avoid competition for food and the spread of the squirrel pox virus. 
cy-gb	Y wiwer goch  – Nod y gwaith o reoli ac atal poblogaethau’r wiwer lwyd rhag ymsefydlu o’r newydd ar brif safleoedd y wiwer goch yw atal cystadleuaeth am fwyd ac atal brech y wiwer rhag ymledu. 

en-gb	Although a squirrel pox vaccine is in development, such populations are likely to remain vulnerable, requiring the on-going management of grey squirrels around these areas.
cy-gb	Er bod brechlyn brech y wiwer yn cael ei ddatblygu, mae poblogaethau o’r fath yn debygol o barhau i fod yn agored i niwed, a bydd angen parhau i reoli’r wiwer lwyd o amgylch yr ardaloedd hyn.

en-gb	4.3  Management options and best practice
cy-gb	4.3  Opsiynau rheoli ac arferion gorau

en-gb	Raising awareness of the impacts of grey squirrels should help stimulate action but also help the wider public understand why action is necessary. 
cy-gb	O godi ymwybyddiaeth o effaith y wiwer lwyd, dylai helpu i gymell pobl i weithredu, ond dylai hefyd helpu’r cyhoedd i ddeall pam fod angen gweithredu. 

en-gb	It is also important that landowners assess damage levels in order to make an informed decision on grey squirrel management, and employ best practice to ensure action is effective and humane. 
cy-gb	Mae hefyd yn bwysig bod tirfeddianwyr yn asesu lefelau’r difrod er mwyn gwneud penderfyniad gwybodus ynghylch rheoli’r wiwer lwyd, a’u bod yn defnyddio arferion gorau i sicrhau bod y camau a gymerir ganddynt yn effeithiol ac yn ddi-boen. 

en-gb	The level of grey squirrel management will depend on the objectives for a particular area. 
cy-gb	Bydd hyd a lled y gwaith o reoli’r wiwer lwyd yn dibynnu ar yr amcanion ar gyfer ardal benodol. 

en-gb	The recommended method  of reducing grey squirrel damage to woodlands requires an assessment of the likely level of damage , followed by targeted management to reduce population levels to below damaging levels. 
cy-gb	I ddefnyddio’r dull a argymhellir  i leihau’r difrod i goetiroedd gan y wiwer lwyd, mae angen asesu lefel debygol y difrod  cyn mynd ati i leihau lefelau’r boblogaeth islaw’r lefel niweidiol drwy gymryd camau rheoli wedi’u targedu. 

en-gb	This enables clear goals to be set at the start of a management programme and regular assessments of damage over the years will indicate the effectiveness of the action. 
cy-gb	Bydd hynny’n helpu i osod nodau clir ar ddechrau rhaglen rheoli a bydd asesiadau rheolaidd o ddifrod dros y blynyddoedd yn dangos effeithiolrwydd y camau gweithredu. 

en-gb	Repeated or on-going management over a number of years is likely to be required while the trees are vulnerable to damage. 
cy-gb	Mae’n debygol y bydd angen rheoli’n barhaus neu’n fynych dros gyfnod o sawl blwyddyn tra bo’r coed yn agored i niwed. 

en-gb	FC Practice Note
cy-gb	Nodyn ymarfer y CC.

en-gb	Woodlands managed for biodiversity or amenity may not require or justify the costs of grey squirrel management. 
cy-gb	Efallai na fydd angen rheoli’r wiwer lwyd ar y raddfa hon, neu efallai na fydd modd cyfiawnhau’r gost o wneud hynny, mewn coetiroedd a reolir at ddibenion bioamrywiaeth neu amwynder. 

en-gb	In contrast, the protection of red squirrel habitat is likely to necessitate the complete removal as far as possible, of grey squirrel on a long term basis. 
cy-gb	Serch hynny, er mwyn gwarchod cynefinoedd y wiwer goch, mae’n debygol y bydd angen dileu’r wiwer lwyd yn llwyr, cyhyd ag y bo modd, ar sail hirdymor. 

en-gb	Therefore different objectives will influence the choice of management options and to what extent. 
cy-gb	Felly, bydd gwahanol amcanion yn dylanwadu ar yr opsiynau rheoli a ddewisir, a’u hyd a’u lled. 

en-gb	Other influencing factors include the resources available, skills, knowledge, costs and the timescale in which the objective needs to be achieved.
cy-gb	Ymhlith y ffactorau eraill a all ddylanwadu ar yr opsiynau a ddewisir mae’r adnoddau, y sgiliau a’r wybodaeth sydd ar gael, y costau, a’r amserlen ar gyfer cyflawni’r amcan.

en-gb	There are a number of sources of advice, training and best practice on the methods of grey squirrel management. 
cy-gb	Mae cyngor, hyfforddiant ac arferion gorau o ran sut i reoli’r wiwer lwyd ar gael o nifer o ffynonellau. 

en-gb	These are at Appendix 2.
cy-gb	Fe’u rhestrir yn Atodiad 2.

en-gb	4.3.1 Alternative management methods
cy-gb	4.3.1 Dulliau rheoli amgen

en-gb	Pine marten  – This is a native woodland carnivore with a varied diet, which can include squirrels. 
cy-gb	Beleod  – Mae hwn yn gigysydd coetir brodorol a chanddo ddeiet amrywiol a all gynnwys gwiwerod. 

en-gb	Although pine martens are scarce in Wales, the Vincent Wildlife Trust project has involved the licenced release in 2015 and 2016 of a small number of pine martens to mid-Wales to reinforce remnant populations .  
cy-gb	Er bod beleod yn brin yng Nghymru, fel rhan o brosiect Ymddiriedolaeth Bywyd Gwyllt Vincent, cafodd nifer fach o feleod eu rhyddhau yn y Canolbarth o dan drwydded yn 2015 a 2016 i ategu’r poblogaethau a oedd yn weddill . 

en-gb	Evidence from Ireland suggests that the recovery of red squirrel populations in some areas is linked to return of pine martens and the subsequent decline of grey squirrel populations .  
cy-gb	Mae tystiolaeth o Iwerddon yn awgrymu bod cysylltiad mewn rhai ardaloedd rhwng adferiad poblogaethau’r wiwer goch a dychweliad beleod a dirywiad poblogaethau’r wiwer lwyd yn sgil hynny . 

en-gb	However, there is currently poor understanding of how this effect operates. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, ar hyn o bryd, nid yw’n amlwg sut y mae hyn yn gweithio, felly ni ellir dibynnu ar feleod fel ffordd effeithiol o reoli’r wiwer lwyd. 

en-gb	www.pine-marten-recovery-project.org.uk/
cy-gb	www.pine-marten-recovery-project.org.uk/

en-gb	  Sheehy, E. 
cy-gb	  Sheehy, E. 

en-gb	& Lawton, C. 
cy-gb	& Lawton, C. 

en-gb	(2014). 
cy-gb	(2014). 

en-gb	Population crash in an invasive species following the recovery of a native predator: 
cy-gb	Population crash in an invasive species following the recovery of a native predator: 

en-gb	the case of the American grey squirrel and the European pine marten in Ireland. 
cy-gb	the case of the American grey squirrel and the European pine marten in Ireland. 

en-gb	Biodiversity and conservation , 23, 753-774
cy-gb	Biodiversity and conservation , 23, 753-774

en-gb	Forest design  – Grey squirrels are able to exploit particular woodland habitats and species mixes better than others.  
cy-gb	Cynllun coedwig  – Mae’r wiwer lwyd yn gallu manteisio ar rai cynefinoedd coetir a chymysgedd o rywogaethau yn well nag eraill. 

en-gb	When managing existing woodlands or planting new areas, consideration should be given to avoiding certain tree species which are attractive to grey squirrels. 
cy-gb	Wrth reoli coetiroedd sy’n bodoli eisoes neu blannu ardaloedd newydd, dylid ystyried osgoi rhywogaethau coed penodol sy’n ddeniadol i’r wiwer lwyd. 

en-gb	This has to be balanced with the objectives of the woodland i.e. timber production or biodiversity value. 
cy-gb	Rhaid ystyried hyn ochr yn ochr â’r amcanion ar gyfer y coetir h.y. cynhyrchu pren neu fioamrywiaeth. 

en-gb	Forest design can have a part to play in the management of grey squirrels at the individual forest scale but also potentially at the larger, landscape scale.
cy-gb	Gall cynllun coedwig gyfrannu at y gwaith o reoli’r wiwer lwyd ar raddfa coedwig unigol, ond hefyd ar raddfa tirwedd o bosibl.

en-gb	Immuno-contraception  – This novel method of population management is still being researched. 
cy-gb	Atal cenhedlu drwy’r system imiwnedd  – Mae’r dull newydd hwn o reoli poblogaethau’n dal i fod yn destun ymchwil. 

en-gb	Work is focused on the oral delivery to grey squirrel of an existing effective injectable contraceptive to reduce the population size in a given area. 
cy-gb	Mae’r gwaith yn canolbwyntio ar ddarparu brechlyn atal cenhedlu effeithiol sy’n bodoli eisoes i wiwerod llwyd drwy’r geg i leihau maint y boblogaeth mewn ardal benodol. 

en-gb	The contraceptive bait is a vaccine (protein) not a reproductive hormone. 
cy-gb	Brechlyn (protein) ac nid hormon atgenhedlu yw’r abwyd atal cenhedlu. 

en-gb	As such, the vaccine will be broken down in the tissues and stomach of the host animal making it likely that the amount of active product (if any) passed onto predators or humans via squirrel meat, would be very small and very unlikely to have any biological effect. 
cy-gb	O’r herwydd, bydd y brechlyn yn cael ei dorri i lawr ym meinwe a stumog yr anifail lletyol, felly mae’n debygol y byddai unrhyw gynnyrch gweithredol (os o gwbl) a fyddai’n trosglwyddo i ysglyfaethwyr neu i bobl drwy gig gwiwer yn fach iawn, ac ni fyddai’n debygol o gael unrhyw effaith fiolegol. 

en-gb	Further work is required to confirm its effectiveness and target uptake, as well as captive and field trials. 
cy-gb	Mae angen gwneud mwy o waith i gadarnhau effeithiolrwydd y dull hwn a’r ganran darged sy’n bwyta’r abwyd, yn ogystal â chynnal treialon caeth a threialon maes. 

en-gb	This could provide a potentially cost-effective management method which will sit alongside existing methods of grey squirrel management. 
cy-gb	Gallai hwn fod yn ddull rheoli costeffeithiol i’w ddefnyddio ochr yn ochr â’r dulliau presennol o reoli’r wiwer lwyd. 

en-gb	Full detailed data on secondary hazards will be collected when registration is considered for this vaccine.
cy-gb	Bydd data manwl am beryglon eilaidd yn cael eu casglu pan ystyrir cofrestru’r brechlyn hwn.

en-gb	4.3.2 Lethal management methods
cy-gb	4.3.21 Dulliau rheoli angheuol

en-gb	The overarching requirements of lethal management options are that they are humane. 
cy-gb	O ran dulliau rheoli angheuol, y gofyniad cyffredinol yw eu bod yn lladd heb greulondeb. 

en-gb	Lethal methods can only be undertaken by where a landowner or occupier has given consent . 
cy-gb	Dim ond os yw’r tirfeddiannwr neu’r meddiannwr wedi rhoi caniatâd y gellir defnyddio dulliau angheuol .  

en-gb	It is recommended that those undertaking lethal methods of management should be properly trained in operating traps and humane dispatch. 
cy-gb	Argymhellir y dylai’r rheini sy’n defnyddio dulliau rheoli angheuol gael hyfforddiant priodol i ddefnyddio trapiau a lladd heb greulondeb. 

en-gb	 1981 Wildlife and Countryside Act.  
cy-gb	  Deddf Bywyd Gwyllt a Chefn Gwlad 1981.  

en-gb	27 (1) Interpretation of part 1
cy-gb	27 (1) Dehongli rhan 1

en-gb	Poisoning using Warfarin  – Warfarin, (Grey Squirrel bait) is no longer authorised  for grey squirrel management such as in woodlands (authorised use expired on 30th September 2015). 
cy-gb	Gwenwyno gan ddefnyddio warffarin –  Ni chaniateir  defnyddio warffarin (abwyd gwiwerod llwyd) i reoli’r wiwer lwyd mewn ardaloedd fel coetiroedd mwyach (30 Medi 2015 oedd y dyddiad olaf y caniatawyd ei ddefnyddio). 

en-gb	Use as an indoor biocide has also been withdrawn.  
cy-gb	Mae’r defnydd ohono fel bioladdwr dan do hefyd yn cael ei wahardd.  

en-gb	Live trapping  – This involves the capture of live animals, followed by cranial dispatch when the trap is checked, which should occur at least once per day. 
cy-gb	Trapio byw – I wneud hyn, caiff anifeiliaid byw eu dal mewn trap, ac yna cânt eu lladd ag un ergyd ar gefn y pen pan gaiff y trap ei archwilio. Dylid gwneud hyn o leiaf unwaith y dydd. 

en-gb	This method must be used where red squirrels may be captured, as they can be then be released. 
cy-gb	Rhaid  defnyddio’r dull hwn mewn mannau lle gallai gwiwerod coch gael eu dal er mwyn eu rhyddhau. 

en-gb	Grey squirrels caught in the traps must be dispatched as it is illegal to release these once caught. 
cy-gb	Rhaid lladd unrhyw wiwerod llwyd sy’n cael eu dal yn y trapiau oherwydd ei bod yn anghyfreithlon eu rhyddhau ar ôl eu dal. 

en-gb	Spring trapping  – These trap designs kill the animal as it moves through and triggers the trap. 
cy-gb	Trapiau sbring  – Mae’r trapiau hyn yn lladd yr anifail pan fydd yn symud drwy’r trap a’i sbarduno. 

en-gb	The traps authorised for use have been approved through the Spring Trap Approval Order (Wales) 2012  for their humaneness and effectiveness.  
cy-gb	Cafodd y trapiau y caniateir eu defnyddio eu cymeradwyo drwy Orchymyn Cymeradwyo Trapiau Sbring (Cymru) 2012  oherwydd eu bod yn effeithiol ac yn lladd heb greulondeb. 

en-gb	Measures must be taken to restrict access by non-target species. 
cy-gb	Rhaid rhoi mesurau ar waith i atal rhywogaethau nad ydynt yn cael eu targedu rhag mynd i’r trapiau. 

en-gb	It is recommended that spring traps are checked at least once per day.  
cy-gb	Argymhellir y dylid archwilio trapiau sbring o leiaf unwaith y dydd.  

en-gb	www.legislation.gov.uk/wsi/2012/2941/introduction/made)
cy-gb	www.legislation.gov.uk/wsi/2012/2941/introduction/made /welsh

en-gb	Shooting  – Shooting grey squirrels can be undertaken legally and humanely, although opportunistic shooting of grey squirrels has not been regarded as an effective method of grey squirrel management in the past.  
cy-gb	Saethu  – Gellir saethu gwiwerod llwyd yn gyfreithlon a heb greulondeb, er na thybiwyd bod saethu gwiwerod llwyd ar hap yn ffordd effeithiol o reoli’r wiwer lwyd yn y gorffennol. 

en-gb	Pilot schemes using baiting stations and coordinated shooting efforts are being tested to maximise the efficiency.  
cy-gb	Mae cynlluniau peilot sy’n defnyddio gorsafoedd abwyd ac ymdrechion cydgysylltiedig i’w saethu yn cael eu profi i sicrhau bod y dull mor effeithlon â phosibl.  

en-gb	New traps and methods of grey squirrel management are continually under development. 
cy-gb	Mae trapiau a dulliau newydd o reoli’r wiwer lwyd yn cael eu datblygu o hyd. 

en-gb	It is important that owners ensure that their methods of management are legal, humane and avoid capture of non-target species. 
cy-gb	Mae’n bwysig bod perchnogion yn defnyddio dulliau rheoli sy’n gyfreithlon, yn drugarog, ac yn dal y rhywogaeth darged yn unig. 

en-gb	Where there is a risk that red squirrels may be caught, advice should be sought from local red squirrel groups.
cy-gb	Os oes perygl y gallai gwiwerod coch gael eu dal, dylid gofyn am gyngor gan grwpiau gwiwerod coch lleol.

en-gb	4.4 Research 
cy-gb	4.4 Ymchwil  

en-gb	There continues to be a range of research into the ecology and behaviour of grey squirrels, and how this knowledge can be used to provide more effective methods of management.  
cy-gb	Mae llawer o waith ymchwil yn dal i gael ei wneud i ecoleg ac ymddygiad y wiwer lwyd, a’r ffordd y gellir defnyddio’r wybodaeth hon i ddatblygu dulliau mwy effeithiol o’i rheoli. 

en-gb	Defra manages research budgets and programmes for England and Wales, except for a small element of delivery-related animal health and welfare surveillance which has been devolved. 
cy-gb	Defra sy’n rheoli cyllidebau a rhaglenni ymchwil Cymru a Lloegr, ac eithrio ychydig o waith gwyliadwriaeth iechyd a lles anifeiliaid sydd wedi’i ddatganoli. 

en-gb	Welsh Government, as part of the wider Defra research group, which includes Forestry Commission, Animal Plant Health Agency and others, engages in research on grey squirrel, including:
cy-gb	Mae Llywodraeth Cymru, fel rhan o grŵp ymchwil ehangach Defra, sy’n cynnwys y Comisiwn Coedwigaeth, yr Asiantaeth Iechyd Anifeiliaid a Phlanhigion ac eraill, yn ymgymryd â gwaith ymchwil i’r wiwer lwyd, gan gynnwys:

en-gb	Investigating the impact of grey squirrels on woodlands and the reasons for bark stripping behaviour.
cy-gb	Ymchwilio i effaith y wiwer lwyd ar goetiroedd a’r rhesymau y mae’n rhisglo coed.

en-gb	Identifying efficient control strategies, including new trapping methods, immuno-contraception and natural predation.
cy-gb	Pennu strategaethau rheoli effeithlon, gan gynnwys dulliau trapio newydd, atal cenhedlu drwy’r system imiwnedd, ac ysglyfaethu naturiol.

en-gb	Investigating the range of infections carried by grey squirrels and the risk these pose to native wildlife and domestic animals.  
cy-gb	Ymchwilio i’r heintiau y mae’r wiwer lwyd yn eu cario a’u risg i fywyd gwyllt brodorol ac anifeiliaid dof.  

en-gb	Forest Research provides advice on the management of grey squirrels and tree protection issues, and lists published research www.forestry.gov.uk/fr/greysquirrels 
cy-gb	Mae Forest Research yn rhoi cyngor ar reoli’r wiwer lwyd a materion gwarchod coed, ac yn rhestru’r ymchwil a gyhoeddwyd www.forestry.gov.uk/fr/greysquirrels 

en-gb	Table of actions and lead bodies
cy-gb	Tabl o’r camau gweithredu a’r cyrff arweiniol

en-gb	The management of grey squirrels requires a collaborative partnership approach between all stakeholders. 
cy-gb	I reoli’r wiwer lwyd, mae angen i bob rhanddeiliad weithio mewn partneriaeth. 

en-gb	WG and NRW can contribute through raising awareness of best practice, research and training; supporting co-operation and partnership; and taking appropriate action on the WGWE. 
cy-gb	Gall Llywodraeth Cymru a Chyfoeth Naturiol Cymru gyfrannu drwy godi ymwybyddiaeth o arferion gorau, ymchwil a hyfforddiant, cefnogi cydweithredu a phartneriaeth, ac ymgymryd â gwaith priodol ar Ystad Goed Llywodraeth Cymru. 

en-gb	However success depends on landowners and managers taking responsibility for managing grey squirrel on their own land and working with other landowners and groups in a co-ordinated, landscape approach. 
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, mae llwyddiant y gwaith yn dibynnu ar i dirfeddianwyr a rheolwyr ysgwyddo cyfrifoldeb dros reoli’r wiwer lwyd ar eu tir nhw a chydweithio â thirfeddianwyr eraill a grwpiau mewn ffordd gydgysylltiedig ar raddfa tirwedd.

en-gb	The UK Forest Standard sets out the principles of sustainable forest management and best practice. 
cy-gb	Mae Safon Coedwigaeth y DU yn nodi’r egwyddorion a’r arferion gorau o ran rheoli coedwigoedd cynaliadwy. 

en-gb	It states that woodland owners should ‘Monitor forest damage, and intervene to protect vulnerable trees from browsing and grazing mammals, including voles, deer, rabbits, hares, grey squirrels and livestock’. 
cy-gb	Mae’n datgan y dylai perchnogion coetiroedd fonitro difrod i goedwigoedd ac ymyrryd i warchod coed sy’n agored i niwed gan famaliaid sy’n pori, gan gynnwys llygod pengrwn, ceirw, cwningod, ysgyfarnogod, gwiwerod llwyd a da byw. 

en-gb	As such, all woodland owners should monitor damage and consider whether grey squirrel management is necessary. 
cy-gb	I’r perwyl hwn, dylai pob perchennog coetir fonitro difrod ac ystyried a oes angen rheoli’r wiwer lwyd.

en-gb	A number of opportunities have arisen over the years to collect the views of stakeholders in relation to grey squirrel management in Wales and more recently in England. 
cy-gb	Dros y blynyddoedd, mae sawl cyfle wedi codi yng Nghymru i gasglu safbwyntiau rhanddeiliaid ynghylch rheoli’r wiwer lwyd, ac mae cyfleoedd hefyd wedi codi yn Lloegr yn fwy diweddar. 

en-gb	Key points identified from these, along with input from a Wales stakeholder working group have informed the development of the actions listed below. 
cy-gb	Mae’r camau gweithredu a restrir isod yn seiliedig ar y prif bwyntiau a wnaed gan y rhanddeiliaid hyn, yn ogystal â mewnbwn gweithgor rhanddeiliaid Cymru.

en-gb	The following actions set out what will be done to support a more strategic and collaborative approach to grey squirrel management in Wales. 
cy-gb	Mae’r camau gweithredu a ganlyn yn nodi’r hyn a wneir i gefnogi dull mwy strategol a chydweithredol o reoli’r wiwer lwyd yng Nghymru.

en-gb	The actions are set out below in a table which shows:-
cy-gb	Rhestrir y camau gweithredu isod mewn tabl sy’n dangos:-

en-gb	Actions that will contribute towards delivering the objectives.
cy-gb	Y camau gweithredu a fydd yn cyfrannu at gyflawni’r amcanion.

en-gb	Lead Bodies involved in delivering the action who have a funding and/or co-ordinating role, and thus are active in driving forward the delivery of the actions. 
cy-gb	Y cyrff arweiniol a chanddynt rôl ariannu a/neu rôl gydgysylltu a fydd yn ymwneud â chyflawni’r cam gweithredu ac a fydd, felly, yn mynd ati i hybu’r gwaith o gyflawni’r camau gweithredu. 

en-gb	A partnership approach between lead bodies and other groups or organisations will be needed to deliver the actions. 
cy-gb	Bydd angen i’r cyrff arweiniol a grwpiau neu sefydliadau eraill gydweithio i gyflawni’r camau gweithredu. 

en-gb	Action  Lead Body Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
cy-gb	Cam gweithredu  Corff arweiniol Rheoli adnoddau naturiol mewn ffordd gynaliadwy

en-gb	1)  Highlight the impact of grey squirrels on the woodland resource and biodiversity in appropriate future policy developments.
cy-gb	1)    Tynnu sylw at effaith y wiwer lwyd ar fioamrywiaeth ac adnoddau coetiroedd mewn datblygiadau polisi priodol yn y dyfodol.

en-gb	2)  Investigate the development of a Vulnerability Analysis of Wales’ woodland resource to provide a focus for a co-ordinated approach to grey squirrel management by local partnerships and landowners.
cy-gb	2)   Ymchwilio i’r posibilrwydd o lunio dadansoddiad o ba mor agored i niwed yw adnodd coetiroedd Cymru i roi ffocws ar gyfer dull cydgysylltiedig o reoli’r wiwer lwyd gan bartneriaethau lleol a thirfeddianwyr.

en-gb	3)  Encourage the establishment and support of landscape-scale and collaborative grey squirrel management partnerships.
cy-gb	3)    Hybu camau i sefydlu ac i gefnogi partneriaethau cydweithredol i reoli’r wiwer lwyd ar raddfa tirwedd

en-gb	4)  Examine the feasibility of incentives for a strategic and collaborative approach to grey squirrel management in the design of future natural resource management schemes.
cy-gb	4)    Pwyso a mesur dichonoldeb darparu cymhellion ar gyfer dull strategol a chydweithredol o reoli’r wiwer lwyd wrth lunio cynlluniau rheoli adnoddau naturiol yn y dyfodol.

en-gb	5)  Where it is feasible and beneficial to do so, undertake grey squirrel management activity on the WGWE as part of a co-ordinated landscape scale partnership approach.
cy-gb	5)   Lle bo’n ymarferol ac yn fuddiol gwneud hynny, mynd ati i reoli’r wiwer lwyd ar Ystad Goed Llywodraeth Cymru fel rhan o ddull partneriaeth cydgysylltiedig ar raddfa tirwedd.

en-gb	6)  Continue to provide support on grey squirrel management for red squirrel conservation on private land through provision of advice and loan of equipment.
cy-gb	6)    Parhau i gynorthwyo i reoli’r wiwer lwyd er mwyn diogelu’r wiwer goch ar dir preifat drwy roi cyngor a rhoi benthyg offer.

en-gb	7)  Continue to manage grey squirrel for red squirrel conservation on the WGWE in line with the Red Squirrel Conservation Plan for Wales through a partnership approach.
cy-gb	7)   Parhau i reoli’r wiwer lwyd er mwyn diogelu’r wiwer goch ar Ystad Goed Llywodraeth Cymru yn unol â Chynllun Cymru i Ddiogelu’r Wiwer Goch drwy ddull partneriaeth.

en-gb	8)  Work collaboratively to improve  the delivery  of actions within both the Red Squirrel Conservation Plan for Wales and the Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan for Wales.
cy-gb	8)    Cydweithio i wella’r gwaith o gyflawni camau gweithredu Cynllun Cymru i Ddiogelu’r Wiwer Goch a Chynllun Gweithredu Drafft Cymru i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd.

en-gb	Guidance
cy-gb	Canllawiau

en-gb	9)  Raise awareness of the impacts of grey squirrel on woodland, timber production and wider biodiversity, with the wider public and land managers.  
cy-gb	9)   Codi ymwybyddiaeth y cyhoedd a rheolwyr tir o effaith y wiwer lwyd ar goetiroedd, cynhyrchu pren a bioamrywiaeth ehangach. 

en-gb	10)  Promote best practice, highlight the need to assess the risk of damage and implement a plan of management, encourage updating of information and the continuation of grey squirrel management training through a range of partners. 
cy-gb	10) H yrwyddo arferion gorau, tynnu sylw at yr angen i asesu’r risg o ddifrod a rhoi cynllun rheoli ar waith, hybu camau i ddiweddaru gwybodaeth, a sicrhau bod yr hyfforddiant ar reoli’r wiwer lwyd a ddarperir gan amryw o bartneriaid yn parhau.

en-gb	Research and monitoring
cy-gb	Ymchwil a monitro

en-gb	11)  Continue to support research into improvements in management methods including the Defra England and Wales wildlife and biodiversity research and development budget. 
cy-gb	11)  Parhau i gefnogi ymchwil i ffyrdd o wella’r dulliau rheoli, gan gynnwys cyllideb ymchwil a datblygu bywyd gwyllt a bioamrywiaeth Defra ar gyfer Cymru a Lloegr.

en-gb	12)  Maintain an awareness of grey squirrel management research in the UK and identify research gaps that would better inform grey squirrel management. 
cy-gb	12)  Cadw llygad ar ymchwil i ddulliau o reoli’r wiwer lwyd yn y DU a phennu bylchau yn yr ymchwil honno a fyddai’n gosod sylfaen well ar gyfer y gwaith o reoli’r wiwer lwyd. 

en-gb	Flag to research commissioners.
cy-gb	Tynnu sylw’r rheini sy’n comisiynu ymchwil atynt.

en-gb	13)  Further develop methods to monitor the impact of grey squirrel management measures where funding allows, minimising the impact on biodiversity, non-targeted species, related ecosystem services and economy.  
cy-gb	13) M ynd ati i ddatblygu ymhellach ddulliau o fonitro effaith y mesurau i reoli’r wiwer lwyd pan fo cyllid yn caniatáu i hynny ddigwydd, gan leihau’r effaith ar fioamrywiaeth, rhywogaethau nad ydynt yn cael eu targedu, gwasanaethau ecosystemau cysylltiedig a’r economi. 

en-gb	Governance and Monitoring
cy-gb	Llywodraethu a monitro 

en-gb	6.1 Governance
cy-gb	6.1 Llywodraethu 

en-gb	The delivery of this management action plan is dependent on a partnership approach between the public, private and voluntary sectors. 
cy-gb	I roi’r cynllun gweithredu hwn ar waith, rhaid i’r sector cyhoeddus, y sector preifat a’r sector gwirfoddol weithio mewn partneriaeth. 

en-gb	A steering group is  the best way to facilitate this. 
cy-gb	Cynnull grŵp llywio yw’r ffordd orau o hwyluso hyn. 

en-gb	The Wales Squirrel Forum (WSF), who already provides a steer on the delivery of the existing Red Squirrel Conservation Plan for Wales, will be adapted to act as a steering group to co-ordinate, support and provide advice on the implementation of the final management action plan. 
cy-gb	Bydd Fforwm Gwiwerod Cymru, sydd eisoes yn rhoi cyngor ar y camau i roi Cynllun Cymru i Ddiogelu’r Wiwer Goch ar waith, yn cael ei addasu i weithredu fel grŵp llywio i gydgysylltu ac i gefnogi’r broses o roi’r cynllun gweithredu terfynol i reoli’r wiwer lwyd ar waith, ac i roi cyngor ar y broses honno.

en-gb	Advantages of WFS governance
cy-gb	Manteision llywodraethu drwy Fforwm Gwiwerod Cymru:-

en-gb	The Wales Squirrel Forum is a partnership of stakeholders whose remit already includes both red and grey squirrel management, although the current focus has been on the Red Squirrels Conservation Plan for Wales. 
cy-gb	Partneriaeth o randdeiliaid y mae eu cylch gwaith eisoes yn cynnwys rheoli’r wiwer goch a’r wiwer lwyd yw Fforwm Gwiwerod Cymru, er ei fod yn canolbwyntio ar hyn o bryd ar Gynllun Cymru i Ddiogelu’r Wiwer Goch.

en-gb	Many members have direct experience in managing grey squirrel populations to benefit red squirrel and advise on best practice. 
cy-gb	Mae gan lawer o’r aelodau brofiad uniongyrchol o reoli poblogaethau’r wiwer lwyd er budd y wiwer goch ac o roi cyngor ar arferion gorau.

en-gb	Current membership could be extended to include those with specifically grey squirrel interests through invitation.
cy-gb	Byddai modd ehangu’r aelodaeth bresennol drwy wahodd y rheini a chanddynt fuddiannau penodol o ran y wiwer lwyd i fod yn aelodau.

en-gb	This would acknowledge the common goal of managing grey squirrel populations, provide opportunities to share best practice and ensure the action plans of both species are closely linked.
cy-gb	Byddai hyn yn cydnabod y nod cyffredin o reoli poblogaethau’r wiwer lwyd, yn creu cyfleoedd i rannu arferion gorau, ac yn sicrhau bod cysylltiad agos rhwng y cynlluniau gweithredu ar gyfer y ddwy rywogaeth.

en-gb	Setting up a separate steering group specific to the grey squirrel management action plan would duplicate common areas of work and demand for resource (public, private and third party). 
cy-gb	O sefydlu grŵp llywio penodol ar wahân ar gyfer y cynllun gweithredu i reoli’r wiwer lwyd, byddai’n dyblygu meysydd gwaith cyffredin a’r galw am adnoddau (cyhoeddus, preifat a thrydydd parti).

en-gb	6.2  Monitoring
cy-gb	6.2  Monitro

en-gb	Although it is widely acknowledged that grey squirrel populations and the associated damage is increasing, baseline data for monitoring this is not available and is likely to be prohibitively expensive. 
cy-gb	Ceir cydnabyddiaeth eang fod poblogaethau’r wiwer lwyd a’r difrod a wneir ganddynt yn cynyddu, ond nid oes data sylfaenol ar gael i fonitro hyn ac mae’r gost o gasglu data o’r fath yn debygol o fod yn ormodol. 

en-gb	This action plan will be revised after 5 years and will be monitored against the following methods:- 
cy-gb	Bydd y cynllun gweithredu hwn yn cael ei ddiwygio ar ôl pum mlynedd a bydd yn cael ei fonitro drwy’r dulliau a ganlyn:- 

en-gb	Report on action plan activity progress – on an annual basis via a wider stakeholder event.
cy-gb	Adroddiad ar y cynnydd a wnaed o ran y camau gweithredu – bob blwyddyn drwy ddigwyddiad i randdeiliaid ehangach.

en-gb	National Forest Inventory (NFI) – investigate how the currently available data for Wales can be utilised to best effect   
cy-gb	Rhestr Goedwigaeth Genedlaethol – ymchwilio i’r ffordd orau o ddefnyddio’r data sydd ar gael ar hyn o bryd ynghylch Cymru.

en-gb	Red squirrel population data – as undertaken to report on the Red Squirrel  Conservation Plan for Wales
cy-gb	Data am boblogaeth y wiwer goch – fe’u cesglir i adrodd ar Gynllun Cymru i Ddiogelu’r Wiwer Goch.

en-gb	Appendix 1
cy-gb	Atodiad 1

en-gb	Other relevant Welsh Government strategies and policies 
cy-gb	Strategaethau a pholisïau perthnasol eraill Llywodraeth Cymru 

en-gb	In addition to the obligations and frameworks which have led to the development of this management action plan – Woodlands for Wales Strategy, IAS Regulations, Red Squirrel Conservation Plan for Wales and the UK Squirrel Accord – this Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan will also contribute to a number of wider legislation, strategies and policies. These are:-
cy-gb	Yn ogystal â’r rhwymedigaethau a’r fframweithiau sydd wedi arwain at lunio’r cynllun gweithredu hwn – Strategaeth Coetiroedd i Gymru, y Rheoliad Rhywogaethau Estron Goresgynnol, y Cynllun Cymru i Ddiogelu’r Wiwer Goch a Chytundeb Gwiwerod y DU – bydd y Cynllun Gweithredu i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd hefyd yn cyfrannu at nifer o ddeddfau, strategaethau a pholisïau ehangach, sef:-

en-gb	Wellbeing of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015
cy-gb	Deddf Llesiant Cenedlaethau’r Dyfodol (Cymru) 2015

en-gb	The Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act is about improving the social, economic, environmental and cultural well-being of Wales.
cy-gb	Gwella llesiant cymdeithasol, economaidd, amgylcheddol a diwylliannol Cymru yw nod Deddf Llesiant Cenedlaethau’r Dyfodol (Cymru).

en-gb	To make sure we are all working towards the same vision, the Act puts in place seven well-being goals.
cy-gb	I sicrhau ein bod i gyd yn gweithio i wireddu’r un weledigaeth, mae’r Ddeddf yn cyflwyno saith nod llesiant.

en-gb	a prosperous Wales
cy-gb	Cymru lewyrchus

en-gb	a resilient Wales
cy-gb	Cymru gydnerth

en-gb	a healthier Wales
cy-gb	Cymru iachach

en-gb	a more equal Wales
cy-gb	Cymru sy’n fwy cyfartal

en-gb	a Wales of cohesive communities
cy-gb	Cymru o gymunedau cydlynus

en-gb	a Wales of vibrant culture and thriving Welsh language
cy-gb	Cymru â diwylliant bywiog lle mae’r Gymraeg yn ffynnu

en-gb	 • a globally responsible Wales.
cy-gb	Cymru sy’n gyfrifol ar lefel fyd-eang.

en-gb	The Act places a Well-being Duty on public bodies to carry out sustainable development in achieving these goals. 
cy-gb	Mae’r Ddeddf yn rhoi dyletswydd llesiant ar gyrff cyhoeddus i ymgymryd â datblygu cynaliadwy wrth gyflawni’r nodau hyn. 

en-gb	It also sets out five ways of working for public bodies to demonstrate they have applied the sustainable development principle.
cy-gb	Mae hefyd yn amlinellu pum ffordd o weithio ar gyfer cyrff cyhoeddus i ddangos eu bod wedi rhoi’r egwyddor datblygu cynaliadwy ar waith.

en-gb	The Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan meets the sustainable development principle in that it has been developed through the involvement of stakeholders and partners with the aim of taking collaborative action to reduce the impact of grey squirrels, and improve the resilience of woodlands and the red squirrel population in the longer term. 
cy-gb	Mae’r Cynllun Gweithredu i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd yn bodloni’r egwyddor datblygu cynaliadwy gan fod rhanddeiliaid a phartneriaid wedi’u cynnwys yn y gwaith o’i lunio, gyda’r nod o gydweithio i leihau effaith y wiwer lwyd ac i wella cydnerthedd coetiroedd a phoblogaeth y wiwer goch yn y tymor hir. 

en-gb	The actions will be delivered collaboratively by partners and will help deliver outcomes in other policies and strategies.
cy-gb	Bydd partneriaid yn cydweithio i gyflawni’r camau gweithredu, a byddant yn helpu i gyflawni canlyniadau polisïau a strategaethau eraill.

en-gb	The management action plan will directly contribute to the goal of creating “a resilient Wales” and is also relevant to the goals of “a prosperous Wales” and “a globally responsible Wales”. 
cy-gb	Bydd y cynllun gweithredu yn cyfrannu’n uniongyrchol at y nod o greu “Cymru gydnerth” ac mae hefyd yn berthnasol i’r nodau o greu “Cymru lewyrchus” a “Chymru sy’n gyfrifol ar lefel fyd-eang”. 

en-gb	The aim is to establish the management action plan as a joined up and integrated approach with partnership working at its heart.
cy-gb	Y nod yw sefydlu’r cynllun gweithredu fel dull cydgysylltiedig ac integredig o weithio, gyda gwaith partneriaeth yn ganolog iddo.

en-gb	The Environment (Wales) Act 2016 and Natural Resources Policy
cy-gb	Deddf yr Amgylchedd (Cymru) 2016 a’r Polisi Adnoddau Naturiol

en-gb	The Environment Act introduces an approach to natural resource management that is about managing our natural environment in a joined up sustainable way that delivers real outcomes for the environment, people, the economy and our communities. 
cy-gb	Mae Deddf yr Amgylchedd yn cyflwyno dull o reoli adnoddau naturiol sy’n ymwneud â rheoli ein hamgylchedd naturiol mewn ffordd gydgysylltiedig a chynaliadwy sy’n cyflawni canlyniadau gwirioneddol i’r amgylchedd, i bobl, i’r economi ac i’n cymunedau. 

en-gb	The aim is to make the most of the opportunities that Wales’ natural resources present while safeguarding and building the resilience of natural systems to continue to provide these benefits in the long term. 
cy-gb	Y nod yw gwneud y gorau o’r cyfleoedd y mae adnoddau naturiol Cymru’n eu darparu, gan fynd ati ar yr un pryd i ddiogelu ac i gynyddu cydnerthedd y systemau naturiol er mwyn iddynt barhau i ddarparu’r manteision hyn yn y tymor hir. 

en-gb	The Act includes a biodiversity duty requiring public authorities to seek to maintain and enhance biodiversity, and promote the resilience of ecosystems, where it is within the proper exercise of their functions. 
cy-gb	Mae’r Ddeddf yn cynnwys dyletswydd bioamrywiaeth sy’n peri iddi fod yn ofynnol i awdurdodau cyhoeddus geisio cynnal a gwella bioamrywiaeth, a hybu cydnerthedd ecosystemau, lle bo hynny’n cydweddu â’r camau i arfer eu swyddogaethau’n briodol. 

en-gb	It also introduces 9 principles of sustainable management of natural resources.
cy-gb	Mae hefyd yn cyflwyno naw egwyddor o ran rheoli adnoddau naturiol mewn ffordd gynaliadwy.

en-gb	The Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan is well aligned to the ambitions of the Environment Act.  
cy-gb	Mae’r Cynllun Gweithredu i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd yn cydweddu ag amcanion Deddf yr Amgylchedd. 

en-gb	It is of direct relevance to the three key features introduced by the Act – the State of Natural Resources Report; 
cy-gb	Mae’n uniongyrchol berthnasol i’r tair prif elfen a gyflwynwyd gan y Ddeddf: 

en-gb	the Natural Resources Policy and Area Statements. 
cy-gb	yr Adroddiad ar Sefyllfa Adnoddau Naturiol, y Polisi Adnoddau Naturiol, a’r Datganiadau Ardal. 

en-gb	The objectives and actions proposed to establish a joined up approach to grey squirrel management should be a strong contributor to the delivery of the Act and the principles of sustainable management of natural resources. 
cy-gb	Dylai’r amcanion a’r camau a gynigir i sefydlu dull cydgysylltiedig o reoli’r wiwer lwyd wneud cyfraniad cadarn at roi’r Ddeddf ar waith a chyflawni’r egwyddorion o ran rheoli adnoddau naturiol mewn ffordd gynaliadwy. 

en-gb	This management action plan will help deliver the Natural Resources Policy through managing grey squirrel as a pressure that impact on the resilience of natural resources such as woodlands and other habitats, and the services they can provide. 
cy-gb	Bydd y cynllun gweithredu hwn yn helpu i roi’r Polisi Adnoddau Naturiol ar waith drwy reoli’r wiwer lwyd sy’n effeithio ar gydnerthedd adnoddau naturiol fel coetiroedd a chynefinoedd eraill, a’r gwasanaethau a ddarperir ganddynt. 

en-gb	The introduction of Area Statements provides an important opportunity to reflect and build upon the work that is already being undertaken around red squirrel focal areas and to consider how this can be extended.
cy-gb	Mae cyflwyno Datganiadau Ardal yn gyfle pwysig i fwrw golwg dros y gwaith sydd eisoes yn cael ei wneud o ran prif ardaloedd y wiwer goch, adeiladu ar y gwaith hwnnw, ac ystyried sut i’w ehangu.

en-gb	Climate Change Strategy for Wales 2010
cy-gb	Strategaeth Cymru ar y Newid yn yr Hinsawdd 2010

en-gb	The Climate Change Strategy for Wales and associated delivery plan set targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Wales by 3% every year and achieve at least a 40% reduction by 2020 compared to figures from 1990. 
cy-gb	Mae Strategaeth Cymru ar y Newid yn yr Hinsawdd a’r cynllun cyflawni cysylltiedig yn pennu targedau i leihau allyriadau nwyon tŷ gwydr Cymru 3% bob blwyddyn ac i gyflawni gostyngiad o 40% o leiaf erbyn 2020 o’i gymharu â ffigurau 1990. 

en-gb	They confirm where action should be focused and the policies and programmes that will help meet the targets. 
cy-gb	Mae’n cadarnhau’r meysydd y dylid canolbwyntio arnynt, ynghyd â’r polisïau a’r rhaglenni a fydd yn helpu i gyflawni’r targedau. 

en-gb	The Strategy also recognises how actions taken by people, communities and organisations across Wales will help reach the target. 
cy-gb	Mae’r Strategaeth hefyd yn cydnabod sut y bydd y camau a gymerir gan bobl, cymunedau a sefydliadau ledled Cymru’n cyfrannu at gyrraedd y targed.

en-gb	The Climate Change Strategy delivery plan outlines that new woodland creation for carbon capture and management of the existing woodland carbon sink will contribute towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the agriculture and land use sector in Wales. 
cy-gb	Mae cynllun cyflawni’r Strategaeth ar y Newid yn yr Hinsawdd yn nodi y bydd creu coetiroedd newydd i ddal carbon a rheoli’r ddalfa garbon bresennol mewn coetiroedd yn cyfrannu at leihau allyriadau nwyon tŷ gwydr sector amaethyddiaeth a defnydd tir Cymru. 

en-gb	A key part of this policy is to ensure that timber grown is of a quality that can be used in long lived products, such as construction timber, which effectively stores carbon captured during tree growth. 
cy-gb	Un o brif amcanion y polisi yw tyfu coed o ansawdd y gellir eu defnyddio mewn cynnyrch hir oes, fel pren adeiladu, a hynny oherwydd eu bod yn storio’r carbon a gaiff ei ddal tra mae’r goeden yn tyfu yn effeithiol. 

en-gb	Grey squirrel damage has an indirect effect on climate change through the curtailment of tree growth which reduces carbon capture. 
cy-gb	Mae difrod gan y wiwer lwyd yn effeithio’n anuniongyrchol ar newid hinsawdd drwy atal coed rhag tyfu i’w llawn dwf, gan leihau eu gallu i ddal carbon. 

en-gb	Additionally, damage can affect the end use of the timber, which is often fuel wood and hence carbon release back into the atmosphere. 
cy-gb	Yn ogystal, gall difrod effeithio ar yr hyn y defnyddir y pren ar ei gyfer yn y pen draw. 

en-gb	The Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan has the potential to reduce damage to woodlands through targeted and collaborative grey squirrel management.  
cy-gb	Yn aml, fe’i defnyddir fel coed tân, ac mae hyn yn rhyddhau’r carbon yn ôl i’r atmosffer. Gallai’r Cynllun Gweithredu i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd leihau’r difrod i goetiroedd drwy ddefnyddio dull cydweithredol wedi’i dargedu i reoli’r wiwer lwyd.

en-gb	Nature Recovery Action Plan for Wales 2015
cy-gb	Cynllun Adfer Natur Cymru 2015

en-gb	The Nature Recovery Action Plan for Wales is comprised of a Strategy for Nature, its associated action plan and a Nature Recovery Framework which sets out the governance structure to deliver action in Wales. 
cy-gb	Mae Cynllun Adfer Natur Cymru’n cynnwys Strategaeth Natur, cynllun gweithredu cysylltiedig, a Fframwaith Adfer Natur sy’n amlinellu’r strwythur llywodraethu i gyflawni camau gweithredu yng Nghymru.

en-gb	The ambition to be addressed through the Nature Recovery Action Plan is:
cy-gb	Mae’r Cynllun Adfer Natur yn ceisio gwireddu’r weledigaeth a ganlyn:

en-gb	‘To reverse the decline in biodiversity, for its intrinsic value, and to ensure lasting benefits to society’
cy-gb	‘Gwrthdroi dirywiad bioamrywiaeth, oherwydd bod iddi werth cynhenid, a sicrhau budd sy’n para i’r gymdeithas.’

en-gb	The Nature Recovery Action Plan defines the objectives and key actions needed in Wales to achieve our ambition and meet both the Resilient Wales goal and the global and European commitments to halting the loss of biodiversity. 
cy-gb	Mae’r Cynllun Adfer Natur yn diffinio’r amcanion a’r prif gamau y mae angen eu cymryd yng Nghymru i wireddu ein huchelgais ac i gyflawni’r nod “Cymru gydnerth” a’r ymrwymiadau bydeang ac Ewropeaidd i roi terfyn ar golli bioamrywiaeth. 

en-gb	This Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan has the potential to contribute to Objectives 2, 3 and 4 of the Nature Recovery Action Plan by:- 
cy-gb	Gall y Cynllun Gweithredu i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd gyfrannu at amcanion 2, 3 a 4 y Cynllun Adfer Natur fel a ganlyn:-

en-gb	Objective 2: 
cy-gb	Amcan 2: 

en-gb	Safeguard species and habitats of principal importance and improve their management. 
cy-gb	Diogelu rhywogaethau a chynefinoedd sydd o’r pwys mwyaf a’u rheoli’n well. 

en-gb	Red squirrel is currently listed as a species of principle importance. 
cy-gb	Mae’r wiwer goch wedi’i rhestru fel rhywogaeth o’r pwys mwyaf ar hyn o bryd. 

en-gb	Targeted control of grey squirrel in and around red squirrel focal areas, as undertaken through the Red Squirrel Conservation Plan for Wales, will help to safeguard these populations.
cy-gb	O dargedu camau i reoli’r wiwer lwyd ym mhrif ardaloedd y wiwer goch ac o’u hamgylch, fel y gwneir o dan Gynllun Cymru i Ddiogelu’r Wiwer Goch, bydd yn helpu i ddiogelu’r poblogaethau hyn.

en-gb	Objective 3: 
cy-gb	Amcan 3: 

en-gb	Increase the resilience of our natural environment by restoring degraded habitats and habitat creation. 
cy-gb	Gwneud ein hamgylchedd naturiol yn fwy cydnerth drwy adfer cynefinoedd sydd wedi’u diraddio a chreu cynefinoedd. 

en-gb	If the problem of grey squirrels can be addressed, landowners will be able to plan for future economic returns from semi-natural woodlands and may be encouraged to undertake longer term woodland management as a result.
cy-gb	Os gellir mynd i’r afael â’r wiwer lwyd, bydd modd i dirfeddianwyr gynllunio i gael adenillion economaidd o goetiroedd lled-naturiol yn y dyfodol, a gallai hynny eu hannog i ymgymryd â gwaith mwy hirdymor i reoli coetiroedd.

en-gb	Objective 4: 
cy-gb	Amcan 4: 

en-gb	Tackle key pressures on species and habitats. 
cy-gb	Mynd i’r afael â’r prif bwysau ar rywogaethau a chynefinoedd. 

en-gb	Squirrel pox virus is a clear pressure on red squirrel populations and represents a direct threat to their survival. 
cy-gb	Mae’n amlwg bod brech y wiwer yn rhoi pwysau ar boblogaethau’r wiwer goch a’i bod yn fygythiad uniongyrchol i’w goroesiad. 

en-gb	Woodland habitats can be gradually altered as grey squirrel impact on vulnerable species, affecting their composition and longer term resilience.  
cy-gb	Gall cynefinoedd coetir newid yn raddol wrth i’r wiwer lwyd effeithio ar rywogaethau sy’n agored i niwed, gan effeithio ar eu cyfansoddiad a’u cydnerthedd yn y tymor hir.  

en-gb	LIFE Natura 2000 Programme
cy-gb	Rhaglen Natura 2000 LIFE

en-gb	There are 123 designated habitat and species features on the 92 Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) and 20 Special Protection Areas (SPAs) in Wales. 
cy-gb	Mae 92 Ardal Cadwraeth Arbennig ac 20 Ardal Gwarchodaeth Arbennig Cymru’n cynnwys 123 o nodweddion cynefin a rhywogaeth dynodedig. 

en-gb	Together with designated areas across Europe, they comprise the Natura 2000 network (N2K network).
cy-gb	Ar y cyd â’r ardaloedd dynodedig eraill ledled Ewrop, maent yn creu rhwydwaith Natura 2000.

en-gb	The purpose of the LIFE Natura 2000 Programme for Wales, led by NRW was to enable Wales to make significant progress towards bringing Natura 2000 species and habitats in Wales into favourable condition and help meet its commitments under the European Habitats and Birds Directives. 
cy-gb	Diben Rhaglen Natura 2000 LIFE yng Nghymru, o dan arweiniad Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru, oedd gwneud cynnydd sylweddol tuag at sicrhau bod rhywogaethau a chynefinoedd Natura 2000 yng Nghymru mewn cyflwr ffafriol a helpu i gyflawni ei hymrwymiadau o dan Gyfarwyddebau Cynefinoedd ac Adar Ewrop. 

en-gb	The Wales LIFE Natura 2000 Programme created a number of outputs including 11 Thematic Action Plans, each of which detail priority strategic actions to address major issues and risks which have been identified as having an adverse impact on Natura 2000 features across the network. 
cy-gb	Bu i Raglen Natura 2000 LIFE yng Nghymru greu nifer o allbynnau, gan gynnwys 11 Cynllun Gweithredu Thematig. Mae pob un ohonynt yn cynnwys camau gweithredu strategol sy’n flaenoriaeth i fynd i’r afael â’r prif broblemau a risgiau sy’n effeithio’n andwyol ar nodweddion Natura 2000 ledled y rhwydwaith. 

en-gb	The Thematic Action Plan on Invasive Species and Pathogens recognises the importance of having a strategic approach to grey squirrel management and this is listed in a table of Strategic actions to improve the condition N2K sites. 
cy-gb	Mae’r Cynllun Gweithredu Thematig ar Rywogaethau a Phathogenau Goresgynnol yn cydnabod pwysigrwydd mynd ati i reoli’r wiwer lwyd mewn ffordd strategol, ac fe’i nodir mewn tabl o’r camau strategol i’w cymryd i wella cyflwr safleoedd Natura 2000.

en-gb	The LIFE Natura 2000 Programme outputs were used to develop the Welsh chapter of the revised UK Prioritised Action Framework (PAF). The PAF informs the European Commission of priorities for Natura 2000.
cy-gb	Defnyddiwyd allbynnau Rhaglen Natura 2000 LIFE i lunio pennod Cymru yn Fframwaith Gweithredu Blaenoriaethau diwygiedig y DU a oedd yn sylfaen ar gyfer blaenoriaethau’r Comisiwn Ewropeaidd ar gyfer Natura 2000.

en-gb	The ‘After-LIFE’ Conservation Plan describes how the actions described in the LIFE Natura 2000 Programme will be delivered by relevant organisations including NRW, WG and third sector bodies. 
cy-gb	Mae’r Cynllun Cadwraeth ‘Ar ôl LIFE’ yn disgrifio sut y bydd sefydliadau perthnasol, gan gynnwys Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru, Llywodraeth Cymru a chyrff y trydydd sector, yn rhoi’r camau a ddisgrifir yn Rhaglen Natura 2000 LIFE ar waith. 

en-gb	In some cases, actions can be delivered through existing programmes of work. 
cy-gb	Mewn rhai achosion, gellir cyflawni’r camau hyn drwy raglenni gwaith sy’n bodoli eisoes. 

en-gb	In other cases, such as the Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan, new areas of work may need to be developed, for example by making bids to external funding schemes or exploring new ways of working together to make better uses of resources.
cy-gb	Mewn achosion eraill, fel y Cynllun Gweithredu i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd, gall fod angen datblygu meysydd gwaith newydd, er enghraifft, drwy gyflwyno ceisiadau i gynlluniau ariannu allanol neu bwyso a mesur ffyrdd newydd o gydweithio i ddefnyddio adnoddau’n well.

en-gb	GB Invasive Non-Native Species (INNS) Strategy
cy-gb	Strategaeth Rhywogaethau Estron Goresgynnol Prydain Fawr

en-gb	The overarching aim of the GB Strategy is to minimise the risk posed by INNS  and reduce their negative impacts. 
cy-gb	Nod cyffredinol Strategaeth Prydain Fawr yw lleihau’r risgiau a achosir gan rywogaethau estron goresgynnol  a lleihau eu heffeithiau negyddol. 

en-gb	It follows the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) hierarchical approach stressing prevention, followed by early detection and rapid response and finally long-term management and control. 
cy-gb	Mae’r strategaeth yn defnyddio dull hierarchaidd y Confensiwn ar Amrywiaeth Fiolegol gan roi pwyslais ar atal, ac yna ar ganfod yn gynnar ac ymateb yn gyflym, ac yn olaf ar reoli hirdymor. 

en-gb	Although the main emphasis of the Strategy is directed towards prevention and rapid response, the strategy also recognises there is still a need to manage in a cost effective and strategic manner the impacts of the large number of INNS that are already established in GB. 
cy-gb	Er bod y Strategaeth yn rhoi’r pwyslais pennaf ar atal ac ymateb yn gyflym, mae hefyd yn cydnabod bod angen mynd ati o hyd i reoli effaith nifer fawr o’r rhywogaethau estron goresgynnol sydd eisoes wedi ennill eu plwyf ym Mhrydain Fawr mewn ffordd gosteffeithiol a strategol.

en-gb	  The term ‘Invasive non-native species’ (INNS) is the equivalent of ‘alien species’ as used by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and are broadly defined as species whose introduction and/or spread threaten biological diversity or have other unforeseen impacts
cy-gb	  Mae’r term ‘rhywogaeth estron oresgynnol’ yn cyfateb i’r term ‘rhywogaeth estron’ a ddefnyddir gan y Confensiwn ar Amrywiaeth Fiolegol ac fe’i diffinnir yn fras fel rhywogaeth y mae ei chyflwyniad a/neu ei lledaeniad yn bygwth amrywiaeth fiolegol neu’n cael effeithiau eraill na chawsant eu rhagweld

en-gb	The GB INNS Strategy vision is to better protect biodiversity, quality of life and economic interests against the adverse impacts of INNS. Through:
cy-gb	Gweledigaeth Strategaeth Rhywogaethau Estron Goresgynnol Prydain Fawr yw mynd ati yn well i warchod bioamrywiaeth, ansawdd bywyd a buddiannau economaidd rhag effeithiau andwyol rhywogaethau estron goresgynnol drwy:

en-gb	Widespread awareness and understanding of the risks and adverse impacts associated with INNS, and greater vigilance against these. 
cy-gb	Ymwybyddiaeth a dealltwriaeth eang o’r risgiau a’r effeithiau andwyol sy’n gysylltiedig â rhywogaethau estron goresgynnol, a bod yn fwy effro iddynt.

en-gb	Integration of INNS within the broader biosecurity agenda.
cy-gb	Cynnwys rhywogaethau estron goresgynnol yn yr agenda bioddiogelwch ehangach.

en-gb	A strong sense of shared responsibility across government, key stakeholder organisations, land managers and the general public for action and behaviour that will reduce the threats posed by INNS.
cy-gb	Ymdeimlad cadarn fod y llywodraeth, sefydliadau sy’n rhanddeiliaid allweddol, rheolwyr tir, a’r cyhoedd yn rhannu’r cyfrifoldeb dros weithredu ac ymddwyn mewn ffordd a fydd yn lleihau bygythiad rhywogaethau estron goresgynnol.

en-gb	A guiding framework for national, regional and local mitigation, control or eradication initiatives helping to reduce the detrimental impact of INNS.
cy-gb	Fframwaith i lywio mentrau lliniaru, rheoli neu ddileu lleol, rhanbarthol a chenedlaethol i helpu i leihau effaith andwyol rhywogaethau estron goresgynnol.

en-gb	Improved co-ordination and co-operation on INNS issues at a European and international level.
cy-gb	Cydweithio’n well ar faterion sy’n ymwneud â rhywogaethau estron goresgynnol ar lefel Ewropeaidd ac ar lefel ryngwladol, a chydgysylltu’r gwaith hwnnw’n well.

en-gb	This Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan aims to contribute towards this vision.
cy-gb	Bwriedir i’r Cynllun Gweithredu i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd gyfrannu at y weledigaeth hon.

en-gb	Wales Biodiversity Partnership INNS Group
cy-gb	Grŵp Rhywogaethau Estron Goresgynnol Partneriaeth Bioamrywiaeth Cymru

en-gb	Grey Squirrel is currently listed on the Wales Biodiversity Partnership INNS Group’s Priority Species for Action in Wales as a Long-term Management Priority Species. 
cy-gb	Ar hyn o bryd, mae’r wiwer lwyd ar restr Grŵp Rhywogaethau Estron Goresgynnol Partneriaeth Bioamrywiaeth Cymru o’r rhywogaethau sy’n flaenoriaeth i’w rheoli yng Nghymru yn y tymor hir. 

en-gb	These are species that are established in Wales and where long–term management approaches are feasible and beneficial (e.g. protecting key areas, containment, control or mitigation). 
cy-gb	Mae’r rhain yn rhywogaethau sydd wedi ennill eu plwyf yng Nghymru ac y mae’n ymarferol ac yn fuddiol defnyddio dulliau hirdymor i’w rheoli (e.e. diogelu’r prif ardaloedd, cyfyngu, rheoli neu liniaru). 

en-gb	This Grey Squirrel Management Action Plan contributes towards this aim. 
cy-gb	Mae’r Cynllun Gweithredu i Reoli’r Wiwer Lwyd yn cyfrannu at y nod hwn.

en-gb	The Forestry Act 1967
cy-gb	Deddf Coedwigaeth 1967

en-gb	Legislation relating to forestry and woodland management is embedded in the Forestry Act 1967.  
cy-gb	Mae’r ddeddfwriaeth sy’n ymwneud â choedwigaeth a rheoli coetiroedd wedi’i hymgorffori yn Neddf Coedwigaeth 1967. 

en-gb	It recognises the negative impact that grey squirrels can have on forests, trees and timber.
cy-gb	Mae’n cydnabod yr effaith negyddol y gall y wiwer lwyd ei chael ar goedwigoedd, coed a phren.

en-gb	Appendix 2
cy-gb	Atodiad 2

en-gb	Grey Squirrel Management – Support in Wales
cy-gb	Rheoli’r wiwer lwyd – cymorth yng Nghymru

en-gb	There is a range of information and advice available in Wales on the management of grey squirrel, which includes, (in alphabetical order):-
cy-gb	Mae llawer o wybodaeth a chyngor ar gael yng Nghymru ynghylch rheoli’r wiwer lwyd, gan gynnwys (yn nhrefn yr wyddor):-

en-gb	British Association for Shooting and Conservation (BASC)
cy-gb	Cymdeithas Saethu a Chadwraeth Prydain (BASC)

en-gb	Tr aining courses on grey squirrel management
cy-gb	Cyrsiau hyfforddi ynghylch rheoli’r wiwer lwyd.

en-gb	Best practice advice on grey squirrel management
cy-gb	Cyngor am arferion gorau o ran rheoli’r wiwer lwyd.

en-gb	General information on grey squirrel management BASC grey squirrel management pr oject
cy-gb	Gwybodaeth gyffredinol am reoli’r wiwer lwyd.

en-gb	Coed Cymru
cy-gb	Coed Cymru

en-gb	Advice and support to landowners
cy-gb	Cyngor a chymorth i dirfeddianwyr.